蓝光对绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织形成和生长过程中蛋白质代谢的影响

蓝光、白光和黑暗对绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织形成和生长过程中蛋白质代谢的影响不同。培养后３～１８ ｄ ,蓝光处理材料的可溶性蛋白质含量明显高于白光处理,更高于黑暗培养的材料。蓝光和白光明显促进３Ｈ亮氨酸掺入蛋白质,而蓝光和白光处理后游离氨基酸含量与黑暗对照相比,下降时间早,幅度大。在培养过程中,蛋白酶活性的变化与游离氨基酸相似。蛋白质合成抑制剂环己酰亚胺（ＣＨＭ） 抑制愈伤组织生长,其中以蓝光最大,白光次之,黑暗最小。在培养基中加入ＣＨＭ 愈早,抑制程度愈大。实验表明,ＣＨＭ 抑制愈伤组织蛋白质合成,也是以蓝光最甚。由此可见,蓝光促进绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织的形成、生长和蛋白质合成。     

蓝光对绿豆下胚轴愈伤组织形成和生长过程中蛋白质代谢的影响

蓝光、白光和黑暗对绿豆下胚愈伤组织形成和生长过程中蛋白质代谢的影响不同。培养后３～１８ｄ,蓝光处理材料的可溶性蛋白质含量明显高于白光处理,更高于黑暗培养的材料。蓝光和白光明显促进＾３Ｈ－亮氨酸掺入蛋白质,而蓝光和白光处理后游离氨基酸含量与对照相比,下降时间早,幅度大。在培养过程中,蛋白酶活性的变化与游离氨基酸相似。蛋白质合成抑制剂环己酰亚胺（ＣＨＭ）抑制愈伤组织生长,其中以蓝光最大,白光次之,黑暗     

不同光质对白芥(Sinapis alba)下胚轴愈伤组织形成和器官再生的影响(简报)(英文)

以连续白光下或黑暗中生长5天的白芥幼苗下胚轴切段为外植体(分别叫作L-外植体和D-外植体),在1mg/L NAA+2mg/L BA的MS培养基上诱导脱分化和芽的再分化。在白光、红光、蓝光和黑暗中培养,L-外植体都比D-外植体愈伤组织形成早,生长快;对于L-外植体形成愈伤组织的促进作用依次是:白光>红光>蓝光》黑暗;而对D-外植体蓝光比红光更有效。L-外植体比D-外植体芽再生的能力强得多,不同光质的作用为:白光>红光>蓝光>黑暗。     

黄芩愈伤组织诱导条件的研究

为寻求诱导黄芩愈伤组织的最佳培养条件和激素配比,以黄芩的子叶、真叶和下胚轴为外植体,利用不同激素组合的MS培养基分别在黑暗和光照条件下诱导愈伤组织。结果表明：①在黑暗条件下各激素处理的愈伤组织诱导率和愈伤组织增重均高于光照条件下,而褐化率低于各处理,并且诱导出的愈伤组织较光照下松散,适合于细胞培养;②M6培养基其褐化率为0,诱导率高达100％,愈伤组织增重2．22g,明显优于其它激素配比,是黄芩愈伤组织诱导的最佳激素配比;③各种激素配比处理下,黄芩真叶愈伤组织的愈伤组织增重明显高于子叶和下胚轴。而褐化率却明显低于它们,因此真叶是黄芩诱导愈伤组织的最佳外植体。     

LED不同光质对萝卜愈伤组织诱导、增殖和萝卜硫素含量的影响

以白水萝卜无菌苗及其愈伤组织为实验材料,研究其在LED白、红、黄、蓝、绿和蓝红6种光质下的愈伤诱导和增殖。结果表明：LED不同光质下胚轴愈伤组织的诱导效应不同,诱导率顺序依次为黄光〉红光〉蓝红光〉白光〉蓝光〉绿光;蓝光、黄光和红光有利于子叶愈伤组织的诱导;子叶诱导愈伤组织的效果较下胚轴好;LED红光下愈伤组织的增殖倍数和萝卜硫素含量均为最高。     

光因子对石刁柏愈伤组织生长过程中蛋白质含量及酶活性变化的影响

在不同的光因子条件下,石刁柏愈伤组织的生长曲线均呈“Ｓ”型。愈伤组织的可溶性蛋白质含量以黄光最高,其次为蓝光、黑暗、白光、绿光、红光。在蓝光、黄光、红光条件上,愈伤组织的非特异性酯酶活性均出现３个峰、而绿光、白光、黑暗条件下则出现２个峰,以第２７天的峰植相比,其峰植的大小顺序为：黄光、蓝光、白光、红光、绿光、黑暗。除红光为２个过氧化物酶活性峰外,其他均为１个活性峰,其峰值的大小顺序是：黄光、蓝光、     

甘肃黄花烟草愈伤组织抗氰呼吸的研究

根据呼吸抑制剂试验和氧肟酸滴定法测定结果表明,甘肃黄花烟草愈伤组织呼吸中有明显的抗氰交替途径运行,平均占总呼吸的31%;但仍以细胞色素途径为主,平均占总呼吸的46%;还有23%不受 KCN 加 m-CLAM 抑制的未知剩余呼吸。改变培养基的激素成分和浓度,在不引起愈伤组织发生明显分化条件下,愈伤组织的生长和呼吸速率虽有不同,但抗氰交替途径和细胞色素途径对总呼吸的相对贡献程度和二者的变化趋势基本一致。     

不同光质对红花檵木愈伤组织生长及黄酮类物质含量的影响

该试验以红花檵木叶片诱导的愈伤组织为试验材料,以黑暗(CK)为对照,分别进行白光(W)、红光(R)、蓝光(B)、蓝紫光(BP)、蓝光+UV-A(B+UV A)和UV-A处理15d和30 d,通过对愈伤组织的生长、生理指标、花色素苷和总黄酮含量的比较分析,探讨光质对红花檵木愈伤组织生长和黄酮类物质含量的影响.结果 显示:...     

烟草愈伤组织分化和芽原基形成期间呼吸代谢途径的改变

接种在继代培养基上的柳叶烟草愈伤组织,未观察到组织分化和芽原基形成。在分化培养基上生长的愈伤组织,接种后第6天可见拟分生组织和管胞分化,9—12天有芽原基形成,15—18天可观察到苗端结构。根据碘乙酸、Na_3PO_4和丙二酸抑制试验,以及3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶与琥珀酸脱氢酶活性测定结果,初步表明烟草愈伤组织呼吸中存在有EMP、HMP和TCAC代谢途径.在发生输导组织和芽原基分化的愈伤组织中(接种后第6—12天),HMP途径的运行程度较高;而芽原基的继续生长(培养12天以后),则与EMP途径的增加有关;分化培养基上生长的愈伤组织,始终较继代培养愈伤组织具有较高的FCAC活性水平。     

光质,光强和光期对水母雪莲愈伤组织生长和黄酮生物合成的影响

白光、蓝光、红光和远红光等不同光质照射及不同的白光强度对水母雪莲愈伤组织生长,苯丙氨酸氨基裂解酶（ＰＡＬ）活性及黄酮合成有不同的影响。红光明显促进愈伤组织的生长,但强烈抑制ＰＡＬ活性和黄酮的合成。蓝光对愈伤组织生长无明显影响,但显著提高ＰＡＬ活性和黄酮的合成。白光的作用介于红光和蓝光之间。远红光的作用与蓝光相似,但作用比较弱。每天１６ｈ蓝光加８ｈ白光和８ｈ蓝光加１６ｈ白光的组合产生最高的黄酮含量和     

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase plays a pivotal role in nitric oxide-involved defense against oxidative stress under salt stress in red kidney bean roots

The pivotal role of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH)-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production in the tolerance to oxidative stress induced by 100 mM NaCl in red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) roots was investigated. The results show that the G-6-PDH activity was enhanced rapidly in the presence of NaCl and reached a maximum at 100 mM. Western blot analysis indicated that the increase of G-6-PDH activity in the red kidney bean roots under 100 mM NaCl was mainly due to the increased content of the G-6-PDH protein. NO production and nitrate reductase (NR) activity were also induced by 100 mM NaCl. The NO production was reduced by NaN(3) (an NR inhibitor), but not affected by N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) (an NOS inhibitor). Application of 2.5 mM Na(3)PO(4), an inhibitor of G-6-PDH, blocked the increase of G-6-PDH and NR activity, as well as NO production in red kidney bean roots under 100 mM NaCl. The activities of antioxidant enzymes in red kidney bean roots increased in the presence of 100 mM NaCl or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor. The increased activities of all antioxidant enzymes tested at 100 mM NaCl were completely inhibited by 2.5 mM Na(3)PO(4). Based on these results, we conclude that G-6-PDH plays a pivotal role in NR-dependent NO production, and in establishing tolerance of red kidney bean roots to salt stress.     

THE EFFECTS OF TEN PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS ON HYPOCOTYL GROWTH AND MITOCHONDRIAL METABOLISM OF MUNG BEAN

Ten phenolic compounds were examined for their effect on mung bean (Phaseolus aureus L.) hypocotyl growth and on respiration and coupling parameters of isolated mung bean hypocotyl mitochondria. Three compounds—tannic, gentisic, and p-coumaric acids—inhibited hypocotyl growth and when incubated with isolated hypocotyl mitochondria released respiratory control, inhibited respiration, and prevented substrate-supported Ca²⁺ and PO₄ transport. Vanillic acid also inhibited hypocotyl growth and reduced mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake but did not affect respiration or respiratory control of isolated mitochondria. This is the first compound reported to selectively inhibit Ca²⁺ uptake in plant mitochondria. Two other phenolic compounds—α, 3,5-resorcylic and protocatechuic acids—showed no significant effect on hypocotyl growth and did not affect mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation either separately or in various combinations. Four phenolic compounds—ferulic, caffeic, p-hydroxybenzoic, and syringic acids—showed a significant reduction in mung bean hypocotyl growth but did not inhibit any of the mitochondrial processes examined. The results show that phenolic compounds which alter respiration or coupling responses in isolated mitochondria also inhibit hypocotyl growth and may reflect a mechanism of action for these natural growth inhibitors.     

Caffeic acid affects early growth, and morphogenetic response of hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus)

Caffeic acid (CA) is one of the most common cinnamic acids ubiquitously present in plants and implicated in a variety of interactions including allelopathy among plants and microbes. This study investigated the possible interference of CA with root growth and the process of rhizogenesis in hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus=Vigna radiata). Results indicated that CA (0-1000 microM) significantly suppressed root growth of mung bean, and impaired adventitious root formation and root length in the mung bean hypocotyl cuttings. Further investigations into the role of CA in hampering root formation indicated its interference with the biochemical processes involved in rooting process at the three stages - root initiation (third day; RI), root expression (fifth day; RE), and post-expression (seventh day; PE) - of rhizogenesis. CA caused significant changes in the activities of proteases, peroxidases (PODs), and polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) during root development and decreased the content of total endogenous phenolics (TP) in the hypocotyl cuttings. The enhanced activity of PODs and PPOs, though, relates to lignification and/or phenolic metabolism during rhizogenesis; yet their protective role to CA-induced stress, especially during the PE phase, is not ruled out. At 1000 microM CA, where rooting was significantly affected, TP content was very high during the RI phase, thus indicating its non-utilization. The study concludes that CA interferes with the rooting potential of mung bean hypocotyl cuttings by altering the activities of PODs and PPOs and the endogenous TP content that play a key role in rhizogenesis.     

杜仲愈伤组织中次生代谢产物积累动态研究

以杜仲愈伤组织为材料,研究了不同接种量及培养时间、不同来源的愈伤组织及其继代次数对愈伤组织生长和次生代谢产物含量的影响。结果表明,愈伤组织继代培养时接种量在0．35g左右比较合适。愈伤组织的生长曲线大致呈S形,在20d时达到最大值,而总黄酮和绿原酸的含量均在16d时达到最大值。在继代培养中,茎和叶愈伤组织的增长量、绿原酸和总黄酮含量均在第三代达到最大值;下胚轴诱导的愈伤组织的增长量、绿原酸和总黄酮含量均在第四代达到最大值;子叶愈伤组织的增长量和总黄酮含量在第五代达到最大值,绿原酸含量于第四代达到最大值。不同来源的愈伤组织中,叶愈伤组织中绿原酸含最最高,下胚轴愈伤组织中总黄酮含量最高。     

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in tobacco callus strains differing in their growth and their requirement for auxin and cytokinin

The cytokinin-autonomous strain (A_s) of tobacco callus differs from the original cytokinin-dependent strain (D) and from the cytokinin- and auxin-autonomous strain (A₄) by a significantly lower activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH). Changes in the total G-6-PDH activity were associated with differences in the number of G-6-PDH isozymes. The A_s strain contained only one isozyme, four isozymes were found in D and A₄ strains.     

Inhibition of IAA-induced ethylene production in etiolated mung bean hypocotyl segments by 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid and 2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl propionic acid

The effect of two auxin antagonists, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and 2-( p -chlorophenoxy)-2-methyl propionic acid (CMPA) on IAA-induced ethylene production in etiolated mung bean hypocotyl ( Vigna radiata L. Rwilcz cv. Berken) segments was studied. Both TIBA and CMPA inhibited IAA-induced ethylene production and CO₂ production at concentrations from 0.001 m M to 0.1 m M and 0.01 m M to 1.0 m M , respectively. The optimum concentration for inhibition of ethylene production by TIBA was 0.05 m M and CMPA was 0.5 m M . At the optimum concentration of TIBA and CMPA, there was a significant decrease in IAA-induced ethylene production without a decrease in respiration rates below control levels. After 18 h, mung bean hypocotyl segments treated with 0.05 m M TIBA for 6 h or 0.5 m M CMPA for 8 h showed a maximum inhibition of IAA-induced ethylene production. Treatments longer than 8 h caused no further inhibition. The uptake of [¹⁴C]-naphthaleneacetic acid by mung bean segments was greatly reduced by the addition of either TIBA (0.05m M ) or CMPA (0.5 m M ) to the incubation media. The results of treatment sequences showed that TIBA needed to be applied prior to IAA in order to inhibit IAA-induced ethylene production, but CMPA caused the same inhibitory effect whether applied before or after IAA treatment. These findings provide evidence that TIBA inhibits auxin-induced ethylene production in etiolated mung bean hypocotyl segments by blocking auxin movement into the tissue whereas CMPA may work on both auxin transport and action.     

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid affects mode and frequency of regeneration from hypocotyl protoplasts ofBrassica oleracea

Summary The effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on the regeneration from hypocotyl protoplasts ofBrassica oleracea was studied by varying the 2,4-D concentration in the protoplast culture medium, 8 p, and the callus proliferation medium, K3. When hypocotyl protoplasts of the inbred line BL12 were cultured in the complete absence of 2,4-D, they divided and produced embryogenic calli. Moreover, these calli generated somatic embryos which were easily recognized by red cotyledons due to the presence of anthocyanin. When 2,4-D was present either in 8p medium or K3 medium the formation of somatic embryos was reduced. On the other hand, the number of shoot-forming calli increased considerably. We therefore conclude that 2,4-D directs the mode of regeneration by suppressing somatic embryogenesis in favour of shoot regeneration. Secondly, 2,4-D increases the regeneration efficiency. Furthermore, the callus proliferation phase on K3 medium is most important with respect to the determination of either somatic embryogenesis or shoot regeneration.Abbreviations BA benzyladenine - 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - IAA indole acetic acid - NAA naphthalene acetic acid - PE plating efficiency     

Studies on energy status and mitochondrial respiration during growth and senescence of mung bean cotyledons

Several characteristics of mitochondrial respiration and energy status have been studied during growth and senescence of mung bean ( Phaseolus radiatus L.) cotyledons. The results showed that mitochondrial oxygen consumption, respiratory control, ADP:O ratios, and energy charge changed in the cotyledons during germination and growth of the seedlings. The respiration rate of intact cotyledons approximately reflected the trend of the oxidative activities of the isolated mitochondria. An increase was observed in both whole cotyledon respiration and mitochondrial oxygen uptake at the onset of senescence of mung bean cotyledons (day 3 after germination), which thereafter declined gradually. The capacity and activity of the alternative pathway increased markedly in mitochondria isolated from senescent cotyledons. After the onset of senescence, the mung bean cotyledon mitochondria exhibited a decrease both in the respiratory control ratios and ADP:O ratios, and the cotyledons exhibited a gradual decline in energy charge. All these results showed an irreversible deterioration of energy conservation in mung bean cotyledons. The role(s) of the alternative pathway in senescent mung bean cotyledons is discussed.     

An investigation of the intracellular site of anthocyanoplasts using isolated protoplasts and vacuoles

Microscopic observations made during preparation of protoplasts and vacuoles from red radish seedling hypocotyl (Raphanus sativus L.) show that anthocyanoplasts, the strongly pigmented bodies present in the pigmented cells of the hypodermis, begin as apparently membranous vesicles in the cytoplasm made visible by the deposition and accumulation of anthocyanins, but only rarely appear in the isolated vacuole. Isolation of protoplasts and vacuoles was also achieved from mung bean seedling hypocotyl (Vigna radiata L Wilczek), red cabbage leaf (Brassica oleracea L.) and Prunus x yedoensis Matsum callus. Anthocyanoplasts were usually in the vacuole, although sometimes in the cytoplasm, of the mung bean and cabbage, but were never seen in vacuoles of Prunus callus.     

砷对兰州鲇组织中代谢酶活性及RNA和蛋白质含量影响

采用毒性试验方法,研究了安全浓度（1.288 mg/L）条件下亚砷酸钠（NaAsO2）对兰州鲇（Silurus lanzhouensis）脑、鳃、肝脏、肌肉4种组织中6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶（G-6-PDH）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性,以及RNA和蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明,染毒21d时,As（Ⅲ）可显著降低4种组织中G-6-PDH和LDH活性、RNA和蛋白质含量（P0.05）。撤毒后21d,除脑和肝组织中蛋白质含量未恢复到对照组水平（P0.05）,肝脏中G-6-PDH活性超过了对照组水平（P0.05）外,其余各组织中G-6-PDH和LDH活性、RNA和蛋白质含量均可恢复到对照组水平（P0.05）。以上结果表明,As（Ⅲ）对兰州鲇组织中代谢酶活性具有明显的抑制作用,可致组织细胞RNA损伤和可溶性蛋白质减少,但这种影响是可逆的,撤毒后一定时间内可恢复到正常水平。