Paenibacillus marinisediminis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from marine sediment

A Gram-negative, nonmotile, endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain LHW35^T, which belonged to the genus Paenibacillus, was isolated from marine sediment collected from the south coast of the Republic of Korea. A phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain LHW35^T was most closely related to Paenibacillus taiwanensis G-soil-2-3^T (97.2% similarity). The optimal growth conditions for strain LHW35^T were 37°C, pH 6.0, and 0% (w/v) NaCl. The main isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7) and the major polyamine was spermidine. The diamino acid present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 and C_16:0. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified amino-hospholipids, unidentified phospholipids, and unidentified polar lipids. A DNA-DNA hybridization experiment using the type strain of P. taiwanensis indicated <40% relatedness. The DNA G+C content was 45.0 mol%. Based on these phylogenetic, genomic, and phenotypic analyses, strain LHW35^T should be classified as a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus marinisediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LHW35^T (=KACC 16317^T =JCM 17886^T).     

Tepidimonas taiwanensis sp. nov., a novel alkaline-protease-producing bacterium isolated from a hot spring

The bacterial strain designated I1-1^T was isolated from a hot spring located in the Pingtung area, southern Taiwan. Cells of this organism were Gram reaction negative rods, motile by a single polar flagellum. Optimum conditions for growth were 55°C and pH 7. Strain I1-1^T grew well in lower nutrient media such as 5–10% Luria–Bertani broth, and its extracellular products expressed alkaline protease activity. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicates that strain I1-1^T is a member of -Proteobacteria. On the basis of a phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, DNA–DNA similarity data, whole-cell protein analysis, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as fatty acid compositions, the organism belonged to the genus Tepidimonas and represented a novel species within this genus. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain I1-1^T were 16:0 (about 41%), 18:1 7c (about 13%), and summed feature 3 [16:1 7c or 15:0 iso 2OH or both (about 26%)]. Its DNA base ratio was 68.1 mol%. We propose to classify strain I1-1^T (=BCRC 17406^T=LMG 22826^T) as Tepidimonas taiwanensis sp. nov.     

Streptomyces calidiresistens sp. nov., isolated from a hot spring sediment

A Streptomyces-like actinomycete strain, designated as YIM 78087^T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from Hehua hot spring in Tengchong, Yunnan province, south-west China. The taxonomic position of strain YIM 78087^T was investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 78087^T belongs to the genus Streptomyces and is closely related to Streptomyces fimbriatus DSM 40942^T, Streptomyces marinus DSM 41968^T and Streptomyces qinglanensis DSM 42035^T (97.18, 97.05 and 97.1 % similarity, respectively). Combined with the low values of DNA–DNA hybridization between strain YIM 78087^T and its closest neighbours, these analyses indicated that this new isolate represents a different genomic species in the genus Streptomyces. The predominant menaquinones of strain YIM 78087^T were identified as MK-9 (H₄) and MK-9 (H₆). The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C_15:0 (28.4 %), anteiso-C_17:0 (23.0 %) and iso-C_16:0 (15.1 %). The whole-cell hydrolysates found to contain glucose, mannose and ribose. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 73.0 mol%. Based on the comparative analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, it is proposed that strain YIM 78087^T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces calidiresistens sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM 78087^T (=BCRC 16955^T=DSM 42108^T=JCM 19629^T).     

Paenibacillus swuensis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from soil

Strain DY6^T, a Gram-positive endospore-forming motile rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from soil in South Korea and characterized to determine its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain DY6^T revealed that strain DY6^T belongs to the genus Paenibacillus in the family Paenibacillaceae in the class Bacilli. The highest degree of sequence similarities of strain DY6^T were found with Paenibacillus gansuensis B518^T (97.9%), P. chitinolyticus IFO 15660^T (95.3%), P. chinjuensis WN9T (94.7%), and P. rigui WPCB173^T (94.7%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 (38.7%) and C_16:0 (18.0%). A complex polar lipid profile consisted of major amounts of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-7. Based on these phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic, and phenotypic data, strain DY6^T (=KCTC 33026^T =JCM 18491^T) should be classified as a type strain of a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus swuensis sp. nov. is proposed.     

Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. nov., a thermo-acidophilic bacterium isolated from hot spring soil

A thermo-acidophilic bacterium, designated strain ACK006^T, was isolated from the soil of a hot spring at Tengchong in China. Cells were Gram-staining-positive, motile, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, spore-forming rods. The isolate grew aerobically at 30–50°C (optimum at 45°C), pH 2.0–6.0 (optimum pH 3.2) and 0–5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 1% NaCl). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain ACK006^T belongs to the genus Alicyclobacillus with the sequence similarity of 92.3, 92.4, 92.5, and 92.8% to Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus SCH^T, Alicyclobacillus ferrooxydans TC-34^T, Alicyclobacillus contaminans 3-A191^T and Alicyclobacillus disulfidooxidans SD-11^T, respectively. Similarity to other species of the genus Alicyclobacillus was 90.3–92.8% and similarity to species of the genus Tumebacillus was 85.9–87.8%. The genomic DNA G+C content was 53.7 mol%. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7. Major fatty acids were ω-cycloheptane C_18:0, iso-C_17:0 and anteiso-C_17:0. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was the A1γ type; containing meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. On the basis of polyphasic analysis from this study, strain ACK006^T represents a novel species of the genus Alicyclobacillus for which the name Alicyclobacillus tengchongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ACK006^T (=KCTC 33022^T =DSM 25924^T).     

Caldimonas taiwanensis sp. nov., a amylase producing bacterium isolated from a hot spring

During screening for amylase-producing bacteria, a strain designated OnlT was isolated from a hot spring located in Pingtung area, which is near the very southern part of Taiwan. Cells of this organism were Gram-negative rods motile by means of a single polar flagellum. Optimum conditions for growth were 55 degrees C and pH 7. Strain On1(T) grew well in minimal medium containing starch as the sole carbon source, and its extracellular products expressed amylase activity. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicates that strain On1(T) is a member of beta-Proteobacteria. On the basis of a phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA sequences, DNA-DNA similarity data, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as fatty acid compositions, the organism belonged to the genus Caldimonas and represented a novel species within this genus. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain On1(T) were 16:0 (about 30%), 18:1 omega 7c (about 20%) and summed feature 3 (16:1 omega 7c or 15:0 iso 2OH or both [about 31%]). Its DNA base ratio was 65.9 mol% G + C. We propose to classify strain On1(T) (= BCRC 17405T = LMG 22827T) as Caldimonas taiwanensis sp. nov.     

Paenibacillus donghaensis sp. nov., a xylan-degrading and nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from East Sea sediment

A Gram-positive and endospore-forming strain, JH8T, was isolated from deep-sea sediment and identified as a member of the genus Paenibacillus on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence and phenotypic analyses. According to a phylogenetic analysis, the most closely related species was Paenibacillus wynnii LMG 22176T (96.9%). Strain JH8T was also facultatively anaerobic and grew optimally at 20-25degreesC. The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0, and the DNA G+C content was 53.1 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness between the isolate and Paenibacillus wynnii LMG 22176T was 7.6%, indicating that strain JH8T and P. wynnii belong to different species. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain JH8T would appear to belong to a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus donghaensis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain =KCTC 13049T=LMG 23780T).     

Anoxybacillus mongoliensis sp. nov., a novel thermophilic proteinase producing bacterium isolated from alkaline hot spring, central Mongolia

A Gram reaction positive, spore-forming, facultative anaerobic bacterium belonging to the Phylum Firmicutes, was isolated from alkaline hot (80 degrees C, pH 9.8 spring Tsenher, central Mongolia. The cells were rod shaped, feebly motile, peritrichously flagellated. Strain T4 was moderately thermophilic with optimum growth at 60 degrees C. Maximum temperature for growth was between 70 and 75 degrees C; minimum temperature for growth was between 35 and 30 degrees C. Alkalitolerant, optimum pH for growth was 8.0; minimum pH for growth was between 5.0 and 5.5 and maximum was between 10.5 and 10.8. The growth was observed at NaCl concentrations of 0-5% (w/v) with the optimum at 0.2-0.5%. No growth was observed at 6% NaCl (w/v). Aerobically, the strain utilized proteinaceous substrates, organic acids and a range of carbohydrates including glucose, ribose, sucrose and xylose as well. Anaerobically, only glucose and sucrose were utilized. Strain T4T produced thermostable alkaline subtilisin-like serine proteinase. The G + C content was 44.2 mol. % (td). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity strain T4(T) was shown to be closely related to the members of the genus Anoxybacillus (family Bacillaceae, class "Bacilli"). DNA-DNA hybridization data revealed that strain T4T had only 38% relatedness to A. flavithermus and 28% relatedness to A. pushchinoensis. Based on its morphology, physiology, phylogenetic relationship and its low DNA-DNA relatedness values with validly published species of Anoxybacillus, it is proposed that strain T4T represents a novel species Anoxybacillus mongoliensis sp. nov., with the type strain T4(T) (=DSM 19169 = VKM 2407).     

Pannonibacter indica sp. nov., a highly arsenate-tolerant bacterium isolated from a hot spring in India

A novel aerobic bacterium, strain HT23^T, able to grow on 500 mM sodium arsenate was isolated from a hot-spring sediment sample collected from Athamallik, Orissa, India. Cells of this isolate were Gram negative. Heterotrophic growth was observed at pH 6.0–11.0 and 20–45 °C. Optimum growth was observed at 37 °C and pH 7.0–10.0. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl monomethyl ethanolamine. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the bacterium clustered with the genus Pannonibacter and showed 98.9 % similarity with Pannonibacter phragmitetus C6-19^T (DSM 14782^T) and 98 % with the P. phragmitetus group B and P. phragmitetus group E strains. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between the strain HT23^T and P. phragmitetus C6-19^T (DSM 14782^T) and other strains of P. phragmitetus group B and group E strains were below 55 %. On the basis of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization data, strain HT23^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pannonibacter, for which the name Pannonibacter indica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HT23^T (=JCM 16851^T = DSM 23407^T = LMG 25769^T).     

Thermodesulfovibrio hydrogeniphilus sp. nov., a new thermophilic sulphate-reducing bacterium isolated from a Tunisian hot spring

A new thermophilic sulphate-reducing bacterium (strain Hbr5^T) was enriched and isolated from a terrestrial Tunisian hot spring. It was a non-spore-forming Gram-negative curved or vibrio-shaped bacterium. It appeared singly or in long chains and was actively motile by a polar flagellum. It possessed c-type cytochromes and desulfofuscidin. Growth occurred between 50 and 70 °C, with an optimum of 65 °C at pH 7.1. In the presence of sulphate as a terminal electron acceptor, this strain readily used H₂ but formate only poorly. It could use sulphate, thiosulphate, sulphite or arsenate as electron acceptors. Its DNA G+C content was 36.1 mol%. Based on phenotypic, genomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain Hbr5^T (=DSM 18151^T, =JCM 13991^T) is proposed to be assigned to a novel species of genus Thermodesulfovibrio, T. hydrogeniphilus sp. nov.     

Moritella japonica sp. nov., a novel barophilic bacterium isolated from a Japan Trench sediment

Strain DSK1 is a novel moderately barophilic bacterium isolated from the Japan Trench at a depth of 6,356 m. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequences showed that strain DSK1 represents a separate lineage with the Shewanella barophiles branch and is closely related to Moritella marina. Comparisons of the temperature and pressure range for growth and some biochemical characteristics indicate that strain DSK1 differs from M. marina and Shewanella barophilic species. Furthermore, strain DSK1 displays a low level of DNA similarity to the Moritella and Shewanella type strains; however this isolate characteristically produces DHA (22:6) as a membrane fatty acids, and the fatty acid profile of this strain is similar to that of M. marina. Because of these differences, strain DSK1 appears to represent a novel deep-sea Moritella species. The name Moritella japonica is proposed. The type strain is JCM 10249.     

Characterization of Microaerobacter geothermalis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel microaerophilic, nitrate- and nitrite-reducing thermophilic bacterium isolated from a terrestrial hot spring in Tunisia

A novel thermophilic anaerobic and microaerophilic bacterium (optimal growth in the presence of 5–10% O₂), strain Nad S1^T was isolated from the terrestrial hot spring of Hammam Sidi Jdidi, Nabeul, Tunisia. Cells were motile rods having a Gram-positive cell wall structure. Strain Nad S1^T grew optimally at 55°C (range 37–70°C). Optimum pH for growth was 6.5–7.0. It was halotolerant growing with NaCl up to 7% (optimum concentration 1.5–3.0%). It grew chemoorganotrophically on various carbohydrates, organic-acids and amino-acids as energy sources, or chemolithotrophically on H₂ using nitrate, as terminal electron acceptor. Beside oxygen (under microaerobic conditions) and nitrate, nitrite was also used. Nitrate was completely reduced to N₂. No fermentation occurred. The genomic DNA G + C content was 41.8 mol%. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain Nad S1^T belongs to the Bacillaceae family within the class ‘Bacilli’. Because of its phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, we propose this isolate to be assigned as a novel genus and a novel species within the domain Bacteria, Microaerobacter geothermalis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is Nad S1^T (=DSM 22679^T =JCM 16213^T).     

Marinobacter lutaoensis sp. nov., a thermotolerant marine bacterium isolated from a coastal hot spring in Lutao,Taiwan

A heterotrophic and thermotolerant marine bacterium, designated strain T5054, was isolated from a hot spring on the coast of Lutao, Taiwan. It was a strictly aerobic, Gram-negative rod. Cells grown in broth cultures were non-spore-forming and motile by means of one to several polar flagella. It seems that pilus-like structures were produced from both poles of the cells. Strain T5054 required Na+ for growth and exhibited optimal growth at about 45 degrees C, pH 7, and 3-5% NaCl. It contained iso-C15:0 as the most abundant fatty acid and ubiquinone-8 as the only isoprenoid quinone. Its genomic DNA G+C content was 63.5 mol%. The strain did not require vitamins or other organic growth factors, and it grew on glucose, mannitol, and a variety of organic acids and amino acids as sole carbon sources. Characterization data, together with the results of a 16S rDNA-based phylogenetic analysis, indicated that strain T5054 could be classified as a new species in the genus Marinobacter. The name Marinobacter lutaoensis sp. nov. is proposed for this new bacterium. The type strain is T5054 (CCRC 17087; JCM 11179).     

Tepidibaculum saccharolyticum gen. nov., sp. nov. a moderately thermophilic,anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium isolated from a terrestrial hot spring

Extremophiles - A novel moderately thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium, strain STR9T was isolated from terrestrial hot spring at Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia. Cells of strain STR9T were...     

Rhodoflexus caldus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the phylum Bacteroidota isolated from a hot spring sediment

A thermophilic bacterium, designated strain SYSU G04325^T, was isolated from a hot spring sediment in Yunnan, China. Polyphasic taxonomic analyses and whole-genome sequencing were used to determine the taxonomic position of the strain. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SYSU G04325^T shows high sequence similarity to Thermoflexibacter ruber NBRC 16677^T (86.2%). The strain can be differentiated from other species of the family Thermoflexibacteraceae by its distinct phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Cells of the strain SYSU G04325^T were observed to be aerobic, Gram-stain negative and filamentous. Growth was found to occur optimally at 45 ºC and pH 7.0. In addition, the respiratory quinone was identified as menaquinone-7, while the major fatty acids (>?10%) were identified as iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 and Summed Feature 9 (iso-C_17:1ω9c). The polar lipids detected included phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids, one unidentified glycolipid, five unidentified aminolipids and four unidentified polar lipids. The G?+?C content of the genomic DNA was determined to be 47.6% based on the draft genome sequence. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SYSU G04325^T is concluded to represent a novel species of a novel genus in the family Thermoflexibacteraceae, for which the name Rhodoflexus caldus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Rhodoflexus caldus is SYSU G04325^T (=?MCCC 1K06127^T?=?KCTC 82848^T).

     

Litoribrevibacter albus gen. nov. sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater,Fujian province,China

A Gram-stain negative, short rod-shaped aerobic bacterium with flagella, designated strain Y32^T, was isolated from coastal seawater in Xiamen, Fujian Province of China. 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain Y32^T is a member of the family Oceanospirillaceae, forming a distinct lineage with species of the genus Litoribacillus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain Y32^T and other strains were all less than 94.0 %. Strain Y32^T was found to grow optimally at 28 °C, at pH 7.0–8.0 and in the presence of 4–5 % (w/v) NaCl. The major fatty acids were identified as Summed Feature 3 (comprising C_16:1 ω7c and/or C_16:1 ω6c, 49.4 %), C_16:0 (17.7 %), C_14:0 (6.9 %) and C_18:1 ω9c (5.4 %). The major respiratory quinone was identified as ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). The major polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain Y32^T was determined to be 55.6 mol%. According to its morphology, physiology, fatty acid composition, polar lipids composition and 16S rRNA gene sequence data, strain Y32^T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Oceanospirillaceae, for which the name Litoribrevibacter albus gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Litoribrevibacter albus is Y32^T (=MCCC 1F01211^T=NBRC 110071^T).