不同品系小鼠对代谢性高尿酸血症造模的影响

目的：分别以昆明种小鼠及ICR、C57BL/6J小鼠为研究对象,比较在复制高尿酸血症模型时可能的小鼠品系差异,并通过降尿酸药物别嘌呤醇与非布索坦验证选择降尿酸药物筛选时选用不同品系动物造模的影响。方法：采用不同剂量次黄嘌呤腹腔注射联用尿酸酶抑制剂氧嗪酸钾皮下注射给药,测定不同造模时段各品系小鼠血清尿酸值。结果：ICR、C57BL/6J小鼠对高尿酸血症造模耐受显著高于昆明种小鼠,在腹腔注射次黄嘌呤500mg/kg,皮下注射氧嗪酸钾300mg/kg时,才可获得稳定的可用于药物筛选的高尿酸血症模型。结论：选择高尿酸血症在体模型时,昆明种小鼠灵敏度高于ICR小鼠以及近交系的C57BL/6J小鼠。     

高尿酸血症与高血压病相关性的研究进展

尿酸是人体内嘌呤代谢的最终产物,当尿酸生成增多和/或排出减少时,均可引起血中尿酸盐浓度增高。当血尿酸水平男性大于7.0 mg/dl,女性大于6.0 mg/dl称为高尿酸血症。作为嘌呤代谢紊乱所致疾病,高尿酸血症以往仅侧重于痛风性关节炎、痛风石沉积和肾尿酸结石形成等的诊断与治疗。目前新近研究表明:高尿酸血症可能是高血压病的独立危险因素之一且尿酸水平增高通常早于高血压的发生与进展,干预尿酸水平有望成为高血压治疗的新靶点,随着高血压研究的全球化深入,对于尿酸及尿酸水平增高的流行病学、基础学与临床方面的研究也日益备受关注。基于此,本文对尿酸的合成与代谢;高尿酸血症成因及其与高血压的流行病学研究;高尿酸血症通过引发一氧化氮合成水平减低、血管平滑肌细胞生物学行为改变、机体炎症与氧化应激反应及肾素-血管紧张素系统激活等方面所致高血压的发病机制;高尿酸血症干预治疗对于高血压病的转归进行简要综述。     

鹅肌肽对高尿酸血症大鼠的干预作用研究

目的：探讨鹅肌肽对高尿酸血症大鼠的作用及其机制。方法：选用雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为6组：空白对照组（CON）、高尿酸血症组（HUA）、别嘌呤醇组［Allo：10 mg/（kg·d）］和鹅肌肽干预组［Ans 1 mg：1 mg/（kg·d）］;［Ans 10 mg：10 mg/（kg·d）］;［Ans 100 mg：100 mg/（kg·d）］,空白对照组喂养普通大鼠饲料,其他5组均喂养高尿酸血症模型饲料,进行相应物质的灌胃,实验周期为6周,实验结束后,收集大鼠24 h尿量,评价大鼠尿酸和肾功能指标,并进行肾脏组织学观察。结果：与CON组相比,HUA组血尿酸水平显著升高（P＜0.05）,血尿素氮、尿量及尿酸排泄指标均有显著性差异（P< 0.05）。与HUA组相比,鹅肌肽干预组中,Ans 10 mg和Ans 100 mg组的血尿酸水平降低（P< 0.05）,尿量及尿酸排泄指标有显著性差异（P< 0.05）,Ans 1 mg的胱抑素C和Ans 100 mg的血清腺苷脱氨酶显著降低（P< 0.05）。组织学分析显示,鹅肌肽各干预组大鼠管腔扩张和肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性明显改善,无纤维化,与空白对照组差异较小,能明显延缓高尿酸血症大鼠的肾脏损伤。结论：鹅肌肽能降低高尿酸血症大鼠尿酸水平,可能是通过促进肾脏尿酸排泄和保护肾功能来实现的。     

不同造模剂诱导大鼠高尿酸血症模型的可行性比较

目的比较三种高尿酸血症大鼠模型的可行性。方法实验大鼠随机分为三个造模组和对照组。造模组分别予5%氧嗪酸钾（5%OA）饲料、10%酵母粉（10%YE）饲料、10%酵母粉＋2%氧嗪酸钾（10%YE＋2%OA）饲料饲养3周后予普通饲料饲养1周,对照组予普通饲料。各周留取大鼠血、尿标本,检测尿酸、肌酐、尿素氮、白蛋白、甘油三酯、胆固醇等指标的变化。结果与对照组相比,5%OA组血尿酸在各周均升高（P〈0.05）;10%YE组血尿酸仅在第2周升高（P〈0.05）;10%YE＋2%OA组血尿酸在第1、2周升高（P〈0.05）,第3周下降至正常。造模组与对照组的体重、血清肌酐、血清尿素氮、血清白蛋白水平无差异。结论 5%OA模型可形成较稳定的高尿酸血症状态,10%YE模型难以达到高尿酸血症状态,10%YE＋2%OA模型血尿酸水平欠稳定。     

降血尿酸乳酸菌筛选及其对高尿酸血症模型大鼠作用研究

目的 提出利用具特殊活性乳酸菌来预防、治疗高尿酸血症方法,筛选具有较高降血尿酸活性的乳酸菌.方法 基于RP-HPLC方法,通过检测培养液培养前后肌苷、鸟苷含量变化,筛选出具有最快核苷分解速率的乳酸菌株作为候选菌株.并将其施用于高尿酸血症模型大鼠,观察对模型大鼠血尿酸含量影响.结果 获得具有最佳核苷分解速率的菌株DM9218.动物实验结果表明DM9218干预组的血尿酸浓度(219.25±21.98) μmol/L明显低于模型组(311.75±27.07) μmol/L(P＜0.05).结论 菌株DM9218具有最快的核苷分解速率,对高尿酸血症大鼠具有明显的降血尿酸作用.菌株DM9218为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum).     

小剂量降尿酸药物治疗肾移植后高尿酸血症的疗效及安全性分析

目的:探讨小剂量降尿酸药物治疗肾移植后高尿酸血症的疗效及安全性。方法:选择2017年5月至2019年5月于门诊随诊的肾移植后高尿酸血症患者80例进行研究,以随机数表法分为A组(n=28)、B组(n=26)和C组(n=26)。A组给予非布司他(20 mg qd)治疗,B组给予苯溴马隆(25 mg qd)治疗,C组给予别嘌(100 mg qd)治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、血尿酸(s UA)、尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(sCr)、估算肾小球滤过率(eGFR)水平变化情况及不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗4周后,三组总有效率分别为89.29%、88.46%、84.62%,比较差异无显著性意义(P0.05);治疗前,三组血尿酸水平无显著差异;治疗后,三组血尿酸水平均有所改善,但治疗后三组间血尿酸水平差异无显著性意义;治疗前,三组肾功能水平无显著差异;治疗后肾功能变化无显著性意义;治疗后,A组不良反应总发生率为7.14%,显著低于B组的30.77%,C组的34.62%,差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。结论:在肾移植后高尿酸血症患者中应用小剂量非布司他、苯溴马隆、别嘌醇三种不同的降尿酸药物均能有效果降低血尿酸,但未观察到改善肾功能,非布司他显示出更少的副作用。     

肠道菌群失调与高尿酸血症关系的研究进展

高尿酸血症（hyperuricemia,HUA）是一种涉及肝、肾、肠等多个器官的代谢性疾病,因尿酸代谢异常而引起代谢障碍。尿酸在肝脏和肾脏中的代谢途径目前已经被阐明,但在肠道内的代谢途径尚未完全清晰。肠道菌群在人体肠道中定植,与宿主存在互惠共生的关系,在宿主的代谢和免疫调节中起着至关重要的作用。肠道菌群结构的变化可能引起代谢紊乱,肠道菌群参与嘌呤代谢酶的合成和炎症因子的释放,与HUA的发生发展密切相关。肠道菌群作为探讨HUA发病机制的切入点,已成为新的研究热点。本综述主要阐述HUA与肠道菌群之间的关系,探讨肠道菌群抗HUA的机制,如肠道菌群促进嘌呤和尿酸分解代谢,影响尿酸排泄,以及HUA引起的肠道炎症反应等,以期为通过调节肠道菌群来治疗HUA提供一定的依据。

     

慢性高尿酸血症肾损害大鼠模型的建立

目的 通过建立慢性高尿酸血症肾损害大鼠模型,为抗慢性高尿酸血症肾损害的药物研发提供模型工具.方法 雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为5组:正常组、A组(2％氧嗪酸钾+12％酵母膏+86％普通饲料饲喂)、B组(0.15％腺嘌呤+10％酵母膏+89.85％普通饲料饲喂)、C组(100 mg/kg腺嘌呤+1500 mg/kg氧嗪酸...     

桑叶黄酮对腺嘌呤诱导大鼠高尿酸血症肾损伤的防治作用

本文研究了桑叶黄酮(mulberry leaf flavonoids,MLF)对腺嘌呤诱导大鼠高尿酸血症、肾损伤的防治作用.采用腺嘌呤灌胃法诱导SD大鼠制备高尿酸血症和肾损伤模型,MLF预防治疗3w,测定与高尿酸血症和肾衰相关的各项组织器官和血液生化指标.结果显示桑叶总黄酮可显著降低血清尿酸水平,与别嘌醇的降尿酸效果相当;并能显著降低尿酸氮、肌酐、丙二醛、甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸水平和肝脏系数、肾脏系数.上述结果表明桑叶总黄酮有干预腺嘌呤诱导高尿酸血症和肾损伤的作用.     

云南分心木提取物对小鼠高尿酸血症模型治疗作用研究

为探究云南分心木提取物对高尿酸血症(HUA)小鼠模型的治疗作用,以联合氧嗪酸钾及腺嘌呤灌胃给药复制高尿酸血症小鼠为模型,对云南分心木水提物、醇提物及两种去除无机元素提取物的治疗作用进行考察.经过14天连续给药后,检测血清尿酸(UA)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)的含量、肝脏组织黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)的活力、肾脏组织中...     

两种抗冷冻剂对不同品系小鼠精子冷冻的影响

目的建立一套比较理想的小鼠精子冷冻复苏的方法。方法采用R18S3和FERTIUPTM-CPA两种保护剂,对DBA/2、C57BL/6J、KM和B6.129S7-Ldlrtm1Her/J四个品系的小鼠精子进行冷冻,冷冻精子用三种方法复苏,以体外受精率来评价精子冷冻的效果。结果以R18S3作为冷冻保护剂,DBA/2(73.3%,88.4%,55.6%)和KM(64.9%,60.2%,39.6%)品系小鼠冷冻精子复苏后体外受精率差异显著(P<0.05),C57BL/6J(3.0%,10.3%,3.7%)和B6.129S7-Ldlrtm1Her/J(0%,5.0%,0%)结果差异不显著(P>0.05);以FERTIUPTM-CPA作为冷冻保护剂,DBA/2(33.6%,14.1%,91.6%)、C57BL/6J(8.4%,21.0%,4.9%)和B6.129S7-Ldlrtm1Her/J(8.2%,10.0%,28.9%)品系小鼠冷冻精子复苏后体外受精率差异显著(P<0.05),而KM(48.1%,48.0%,48.1%)小鼠冷冻精子复苏后体外受精率差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论对于DBA/2和KM品系小鼠来说,用R18S3或FERTIUPTM-CPA冷冻精子,选择一种恰当的复苏方法,均可以得到较理想的体外受精率,而C57BL/6J和B6.129S7-Ldlrtm1Her/J品系小鼠无论采用哪种冷冻保护剂,选择何种方法复苏精子,得到的体外受精率都较低。     

Genetic Epilepsy Model Derived from Common Inbred Mouse Strains

The recombinant inbred mouse strain, SWXL-4, exhibits tonic-clonic and generalized seizures similar to the commonest epilepsies in humans. In SWXL-4 animals, seizures are observed following routine handling at about 80 days of age and may be induced as early as 55 days by rhythmic gentle tossing. Seizures are accompanied by rapid, bilateral high frequency spike cortical discharges and followed by a quiescent post-ictal phase. Immunohistochemistry of the immediate early gene products c-Fos and c-Jun revealed abnormal activation within cortical and limbic structures. The seizure phenotype of SWXL-4 can be explained and replicated fully by the inheritance of susceptibility alleles from its progenitor strains, SWR/J and C57L/J. Outcrosses of SWXL-4 with most other common inbred strains result in F(1) hybrids that have seizures at least as frequently as SWXL-4 itself. Quantitative trait locus mapping reveals a seizure frequency determinant, Szf1, near the pink-eyed dilution locus on chromosome 7, accounting for up to 32% of the genetic variance in an F(2) intercross between SWXL-4 and the linkage testing strain ABP/Le. These studies demonstrate that common strains of mice such as SWR and C57L contain latent epilepsy susceptibility alleles. Although the inheritance of susceptibility may be complex, these results imply that a number of potentially important and practical, noninvasive models for this disorder can be constructred and studied in crosses between common mouse strains.     

不同品系小鼠在三种常见抑郁检测方法中的行为学表现

目的探讨4种不同品系小鼠在3种实验（空场实验、悬尾实验及强迫游泳实验）中的行为学差异,为抗抑郁新药研究中的实验动物选择提供参考。方法利用空场实验检测C57BL/6、BALB/c、ICR、和昆明小鼠的自主活动能力和对新奇环境的探索能力;利用悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验检测它们在应激刺激下的行为绝望状态。结果在空场实验中,BALB/c、ICR和昆明小鼠的运动总路程、运动速度和运动时间明显高于C57BL/6小鼠（P〈0.05）,ICR和昆明小鼠的直立次数也明显高于C57BL/6小鼠（P〈0.05）;悬尾实验C57BL/6小鼠的不动时间显著长于其他3种品系小鼠（P〈0.05）,但是4种品系小鼠在强迫游泳实验中的不动时间差异无显著性。结论 C57BL/6小鼠自发活动量低,对新奇环境的探索能力差,并且在急性应激刺激下容易造成行为绝望,因此C57BL/6小鼠可能适合作为急性应激抑郁模型动物。     

不同维生素免疫调节作用在鼠疟模型中的实验观察

探讨不同维生素对P. y17XL感染BALB/c小鼠的免疫调节作用。将6~8周龄,雌性BALB/c小鼠,随机分为维生素（ V）处理组和对照组。 V处理组小鼠分别经50 mg/kg VA、600 mg/kg VE 或1 g/只VC连续10 d灌胃,0.2 mL/只;对照组小鼠分别给予相同剂量的溶剂（大豆油或生理盐水）处理。之后,各组小鼠分别经腹腔接种1＆#215;106 P. y17XL寄生的红细胞,动态观察感染小鼠原虫血症水平和生存率;流式细胞术检测感染后第0、3和5天小鼠脾细胞树突状细胞（ DCs）亚群（ pDCs与mDCs）百分比及功能分子（ TLR9和MHC域）的表达。与对照组相比,VA和VE处理组小鼠原虫血症水平升高,生存率降低;感染后第5天脾细胞中pDCs与mDCs亚群水平以及DCs表面受体TLR9和表面分子MHC域的表达水平显著下降。相反,VC处理组小鼠原虫血症水平降低,生存率延长,pDCs与mDCs亚群以及TLR9和MHC域的表达水平显著升高。结果表明,不同维生素对疟疾感染产生不同的调控作用,VA和VE通过抑制DCs数量和功能,加重疟疾感染,而VC则促进DCs数量和功能,推迟感染进程。     

小鼠胚胎干细胞中RNA干涉现象

报道了不同品系小鼠胚胎干细胞 (ES细胞 )系MESPU13、B3和R1中存在的RNA干涉 (RNAi)现象。应用脂质体法 ,将转录绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP)基因双链RNA(dsRNA)的载体 (pdsGFP)转染GFP标记的ES细胞 ,dsRNA的瞬时表达可引起ES细胞中的RNAi效应 ,即质粒转录的GFP基因的dsRNA能够显著降低ES细胞内相应的外源GFP基因的表达 ;同时 ,用电穿孔转染法将线性化的pdsGFP puro导入ES细胞中 ,筛选后 ,在 3 0 %左右的抗性克隆中GFP表达量明显降低 ,少数细胞内的干涉效率达到RT PCR检测不到的程度。在此基础上 ,构建了可转录ES细胞特异标记基因OCT 4基因片断dsRNA的载体 ,经基因打靶和抗性筛选得到了稳定整合的ES细胞克隆 ,随机扩增了 5 1个克隆 ,并对其中的 48个阳性克隆进行了PCR半定量检测 ,结果显示 :在 11个ES细胞克隆中具有显著的RNAi效应 ,干涉效率达到RT PCR检测不到的程度。这一结果表明 ,应用RNAi在不同品系ES细胞中研究哺乳动物及人的基因功能是可行的     

不同品系小鼠胚胎玻璃化冷冻保存的比较研究

目的　研究甘油作为冷冻保护剂、不同基因型小鼠对胚胎玻璃化冷冻的影响。方法　采用 6 5mol L的甘油作为冷冻保护剂 ,采用二步法对CBA、NOD、C57BL 6J、ICR及CD1小鼠 3 5d的胚胎进行玻璃化冷冻 ,并比较了不同品系小鼠胚胎的复苏率及移植受孕率。结果和结论　CBA、NOD、C57BL 6J,ICR及CD1的复苏率分别为 5 7 6 %、4 8%、31 3%、86 5 %及 88% ,移植受孕率为 2 1%、2 3 5 %、11%、38%和 35 5 % ,封闭群小鼠的胚胎复苏率、移植受孕率均显著高于近交系小鼠。这提示胚胎的复苏率及移植受孕率可能与小鼠的不同基因型有关。五个品系中 ,桑椹胚及早期囊胚的体外复苏率均显著高于扩张囊胚。这说明不同基因型及胚胎的不同发育阶段对胚胎玻璃化冷冻效果有影响     

Comparative Diversity Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Two Different Human Flora-Associated Mouse Strains

The Kunming (KM) mouse is a closed colony mouse strain widely used in Chinese pharmacology, toxicology, and microbiology research laboratories. However, few studies have examined human flora-associated (HFA) microbial communities in KM mice. In this study, HFA models were built from germ-free KM and C57BL/6J mouse strains, and gut microbial diversity was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and DNA sequencing. We found that the two strains of HFA mice were significantly different based on the UPGMA dendrogram and the Richness index, but dice similarity coefficients of mouse replicates were not significantly different between HFA-KM and HFA-C57BL/6J. Most of the dominant phyla of human gut microflora could be transferred into the guts of the two mouse strains. However, the predominant genus that formed in HFA-KM was Clostridium sp. and that in HFA-C57BL/6J was Blautia sp. These results imply that genotypes difference between the two mice strains is a critical factor in shaping the intestinal microflora. However, genetic differences of individuals within KM mouse populations failed to lead to individual difference in microflora. Successful generation of HFA-KM mice will facilitate studies examining how diet affects gut microbial structure, and will enable comparative studies for uncovering genetic factors that shape gut microbial communities.     

Antibody Responses in Sera of Different Mouse Strains Experimentally Infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense

To examine humoral immune responses in the host, we measured serum antibody levels in different strains of mice (ICR, BALB/c, and C3H) experimentally infected with Neodiplostomum seoulense. Specific IgG antibody levels were increased remarkably with little difference among 3 strains of mice infected with N. seoulense from day 7 to 35 post-infection. More target proteins of adult parasites reacted with IgG at the time when the worm recovery decreased compared with other times. More than 20 protein bands, from 14 kDa to 94 kDa in size, were separated from the crude antigen of N. seoulense adults by SDS-PAGE, and among them 26, 30, 35, 43, 54, 67, and 94 kDa proteins were the major antigenic proteins. The results suggest that significant IgG antibody responses occur against N. seoulense in mice and this may be related with expulsion of worms.     

The Ah Phenotype. Survey of Forty-Eight Rat Strains and Twenty Inbred Mouse Strains

Forty-four inbred and four randombred rat strains and 20 inbred mouse strains were examined for their Ah phenotype by determining the induction of liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase activity (EC 1.14.14.1) by intraperitoneal treatment with either β-naphthoflavone or 3-methylcholanthrene. All 48 rat strains were found to be Ah-responsive. The maximally induced hydroxylase specific activities of the ALB/Pit, MNR/Pit, MR/Pit, SHR/Pit, and Sprague-Dawley strains were of the same order of magnitude as the basal hydroxylase specific activities of the ACI/Pit, F344/Pit, OKA/Pit, and MNR/N strains. Six of the 20 mouse strains were Ah-nonresponsive (i.e. lacking the normal induction response and presumably lacking detectable amounts of the Ah receptor). The basal hydroxylase specific activities of the BDL/N, NFS/N, STAR/N, and ST/JN mouse strains were more than twice as high as the maximally induced hydroxylase specific activity of the CBA/HT strain.——To date, 24 Ah-nonresponsive mouse strains have been identified, out of a total of 68 known to have been characterized. The reasons for not finding a single Ah-nonresponsive inbred rat strain—as compared with about one Ah-nonresponsive inbred mouse strain found for every three examined—remain unknown.