IL-1β对精氨酸升压素诱导的大鼠心肌成纤维细胞INOS-NO系统活性的影响

目的：探讨白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）对精氨酸升压素（AVP）诱导下大鼠心肌成纤维细胞（CFs）诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）-一氧化氮（NO）系统活性的影响。方法：胰酶消化法分离培养SD仔鼠CFs,硝酸还原酶法、分光光度法和逆转录-聚合酶链式反应（RT—PCR）分别测定不同浓度IL-1β与AVP协同作用下CFs的NO含量、NOS活性和iNOSmRNA表达。结果：AVP诱导下CFs iNOSmRNA表达、NOS活性和NO合成均显著增加（P〈0.05）。一定浓度范围内IL-1β与AVP协同作用,剂量依赖性地增加AVP对CFs iNOS-NO系统活性的提高作用,其中AVP＋3ng／ml和AVP＋5ng／ml IL-1β组的iNOS mRNA表达、NOS活性和NO合成均显著高于AVP组（P〈0。05）,但IL-1β浓度增加至5ng／ml时,CFs的iNOSmRNA表达、NOS活性和NO合成不再继续升高,反而有所下降。结论：在一定浓度范围内IL-1β可与AVP协同提高CFs iNOS-NO系统活性。     

精氨酸甲基转移酶1和核因子κB在哮喘豚鼠中的表达变化

目的：探讨共激活因子相关的精氨酸甲基转移酶1和核因子-κB在豚鼠支气管哮喘模型气道和肺组织的表达变化。方法：24只白色雄性豚鼠随机分为：①正常对照组;②哮喘组。卵清蛋白致敏并激发后采用间接免疫荧光法检测气道及肺组织精氨酸甲基转移酶1和核因子NF—κB（P65）的表达水平,探讨其在哮喘中可能的作用机制。结果：CARM1和NF—κB（P65）在对照组和哮喘组均有阳性表达,主要在支气管-终末细支气管上皮细胞和肺组织成纤维细胞胞核表达。正常对照组和哮喘组CARM1和NF—κB（P65）的表达差异均有统计学意义？结论：在哮喘豚鼠气道上皮及肺组织CARM1和NF—κB（P65）在细胞胞核高表达,提示CARM1可能通过增强募集NF—κB到相关位点激活NF—κB信号转导通路,并启动了多种前炎性基因和免疫调节基因的转录激活从而诱发哮喘炎症反应.     

NF-κB介导非对称性二甲基精氨酸上调大鼠主动脉诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达

目的探讨非对称性二甲基精氨酸(ADMA)上调大鼠主动脉诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的表达是否是通过激活NF-κB实现的。方法 Wistar大鼠50只随机分为四组:①对照组(n=10):标准饲料喂养。②H组(n=12):高脂饲料喂养。③A+H组(n=14):予ADMA[0.2mg/kgd]灌胃,高脂饲料喂养。④P+A+H组(n=14):予吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸盐(pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate,PDTC)[40mg/kgd]腹腔注射、ADMA[0.2mg/kgd]灌胃、高脂饲料喂养。对照组、H组予等体积的生理盐水灌胃及腹腔注射、A+H组给予等体积的生理盐水腹腔注射。18周后麻醉大鼠、取主动脉。以实时荧光定量PCR和Westen blotting分别检测iNOS mRNA和蛋白表达,以电泳迁移率变动分析(EMSA)和增强化学发光法(ECL)检测NF-κB活性。结果①A+H组iNOS mRNA和蛋白表达量较对照组和H组增加(P<0.05),P+A+H组较A+H组iNOSmRNA和蛋白表达量降低(P<0.05)。②A+H组NF-κB活性较对照组和H组显著升高(P<0.05),P+A+H组NF-κB活性较A+H组明显降低(P<0.05)③相关分析:NF-κB活性与iNOS mRNA和蛋白表达量呈正相关(相关系数r分别为0.854、0.876,P<0.05)。结论 ADMA可能通过激活NF-κB途径上调iNOS表达,从而促进动脉粥样硬化的发生发展。     

核因子-κB 分子生物学特性及其在口腔疾病中的作用

核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)是一种广泛存在于体内多种细胞的核转录因子。静息状态下,NF-κB二聚体与其抑制蛋白IκB结合而存在于胞质中。当细胞受到外界刺激时,IκB磷酸化,使NF-κB活化进入细胞核,调节相应靶细胞的表达。本文对NF-κB家族、分子生物学特性及其在口腔疾病中发生和治疗中分子机制进行探讨,为口腔疾病致病机理以及探寻其"干预治疗"的关键靶点提供理论依据和新思路。     

核因子-κB分子生物学特性及其在口腔疾病中的作用

核转录因子-κB（NF-κB）是一种广泛存在于体内多种细胞的核转录因子。静息状态下,NF-κB二聚体与其抑制蛋白IκB结合而存在于胞质中。当细胞受到外界刺激时,IκB磷酸化,使NF-κB活化进入细胞核,调节相应靶细胞的表达。本文对NF-κB家族、分子生物学特性及其在口腔疾病中发生和治疗中分子机制进行探讨,为口腔疾病致病机理以及探寻其＂干预治疗＂的关键靶点提供理论依据和新思路。     

蛋白激酶C-细胞外信号调节激酶1/2通路介导精氨酸升压素对成年大鼠心肌成纤维细胞的促增殖作用

精氨酸升压素(arginine vasopressin, AVP)是高血压和心力衰竭时激活的神经体液和血流动力学因子,同时,它还具有直接的生长刺激作用.我们以往的研究显示AVP可诱导新生大鼠心肌成纤维细胞(cardiac fibroblasts, CFs)增殖.本研究旨在进一步观察AVP是否对成年大鼠CFs具有促增殖作用,并探计其机制.采用组织块法培养成年大鼠CFs,用[3H]-TdR掺入法和流式细胞仪方法观察AVP作用下CFs的DNA合成和细胞周期分布.根据特异性底物髓磷脂基质蛋白(myelin basic protein, MBP)的磷酸化水平测定细胞外信号调节激酶1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, ERK1/2)的活性.用Western blot检测ERK1/2的磷酸化和p27Kip1、细胞周期蛋白D1、 A、 E的表达.结果显示,AVP(0.1μmol/L)可促进成年大鼠CFs的DNA合成,该作用可被V1受体拮抗剂d(CH2)5[Tyr2(Me),Arg8]-vasopressin (0.1μmol/L)阻断,而不受V2受体拮抗剂desglycinamide [d(CH2)5, D-Ile2, Ile4, Arg8]-vasopressin (0.1μmol/L)的影响.AVP可激活ERK1/2,用蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C, PKC)激动剂佛波酯(phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, PMA, 30nmol/L, 5min)急性刺激可模拟该作用,而PMA持续慢性作用(2.5μmol/L,24h)耗竭PKC后则抑制AVP对ERK1/2的激活.AVP可抑制p27Kip1的蛋白表达,升高细胞周期蛋白D1、 A和E的表达,同时促进细胞周期由G0/G1期进入S期.ERK1/2抑制剂PD98059 (30μmol/L)阻断AVP对DNA合成、p27Kip1、细胞周期蛋白D1、A和E蛋白表达的作用,并抑制细胞周期进程.以上结果表明,AVP可促进成年大鼠CFs增殖,该作用由V1受体和PKC-ERK1/2通路介导.AVP可通过ERK1/2调控p27Kip1、细胞周期蛋白D1、A和E的表达,从而促进成年大鼠CFs的细胞周期进程.     

核因子κB研究进展

核因子κB(nuclear factor κB,NF-κB)是一种广泛存在于各种细胞、具有多种调节作用的转录因子。它在正常情况下在胞浆内与抑制蛋白(IκB)结合而呈非活性状态。当细胞受到各种刺激原如紫外辐射、细胞因子(如TNF-α、IL-1)、活性氧作用时,NF-κB与IκB解离并进入细胞核内,与特定的启动子结合,从而调控各种基因的表达,如细胞因子、炎症因子、黏附分子等。NF-κB在炎症发生时复杂的细胞因子网络中起着中心调节作用。在细胞增殖、分化和凋亡及肿瘤发生中NF-κB也扮演着重要角色。以NF-κB作为药物作用的靶点,通过调节NF-κB的活性,可改善某些疾病的治疗效果。     

核因子κB与动脉粥样硬化新进展

动脉粥样硬化（atherosclerosis,As）是一种炎症性病变,它以血管壁上巨噬细胞源性的泡沫细胞和大量趋化因子、细胞因子和生长因子堆积为主要特征。这些因子调节着固有细胞的迁移、分化和转归,最终影响动脉粥样硬化斑块形成,其中一个关键的调节因子就是转录因子核因子-κB（NF-κB）。过去它都被一直认为是一个促进动脉粥样硬化的因子,主要是由于它调节许多与动脉粥样硬化有关促炎基因的表达。最近有文献报道说NF-κB有可能在促炎、抗炎、细胞的生存和增值方面巧妙地监护着动脉粥样硬化过程的平衡。因此,本文就NF-κB与动脉粥样硬化病变有关的启动、泡沫细胞的形成、炎症、免疫、平滑肌细胞增值、纤维帽形成、细胞凋亡关系的新进展作一综述。     

核因子-κB在脂多糖诱导大鼠心肌血红素加氧酶-1基因表达中的作用

目的：观察核因子-κB（NF-κB）在脂多糖（LPS）诱导大鼠心肌血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）表达中的作用,探讨其对内毒素休克（ES）的影响。方法：用生理多导仪监测大鼠静脉注射LPS（8mg／Kg）后12h平均动脉压（MAP）变化：用免疫组化方法检测心肌组织NF-κBp65和HO-1蛋白表达的变化;用逆转录多聚酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测心肌组织HO-1基因表达的变化。结果：①LPS组MAP较对照组快速持续降低（P〈0．01）：②LPS可诱导大鼠心肌间质血管内皮细胞和心肌细胞NF-κB阳性表达增强,1／2h和2h表达明显升高,6h和12h逐渐降低;③LPS可诱导大鼠心肌HO-1基因表达上调,2h开始增加,6h达到高峰,12h表达下调;LPS组大鼠心肌间质血管内皮细胞和心肌细胞HO-1蛋白表达在6h明显增强,12h表达减弱。④应用PDTC可明显减轻ES大鼠心肌损伤,并抑制心肌HO-1蛋白和基因表达。结论：LPS活化的心肌NF-κB参与LPS诱导心肌HO-1蛋白和基因高表达的信号转导,可能是导致ES顽固性低血压的机制之一。     

核因子-κB的研究进展

机体对损伤及微生物入侵进行防御反应时,活化的核因子－κＢ（ＮＦ－κΒ）可诱导细胞合成各种生物大分子。细胞处于静息状态时,ＮＦ－κＢ与κＢ抑制蛋白（ＩκＢｓ）结合形成三聚体存在于细胞质内。当细胞受到外界因素刺激时,ＮＦ－κＢ与ＩκＢｓ分离,ＮＦ－κＢ进入细胞核内,其亚基形成环状结构与ＤＮＡ接触,启动基因转录。随后,新合成的ＩκＢｓ又与ＮＦ－κＢ结合返回细胞质。不同的ＩκＢｓ亚型发挥不同的生理功能。同时,对ＮＦ－κＢ的生理功能也作了介绍。     

Arginine vasopressin-mediated cardiac differentiation: insights into the role of its receptors and nitric oxide signaling

Despite the existence of a functional arginine vasopressin (AVP) system in the adult heart and evidence that AVP induces myogenesis, its significance in cardiomyogenesis is currently unknown. In the present study, we hypothesized a role for AVP in cardiac differentiation of D3 and lineage-specific embryonic stem (ES) cells expressing green fluorescent protein under the control of atrial natriuretic peptide (Anp) or myosin light chain-2V (Mlc-2V) promoters. Furthermore, we investigated the nitric oxide (NO) involvement in AVP-mediated pathways. AVP exposure increased the number of beating embryoid bodies, fluorescent cells, and expression of Gata-4 and other cardiac genes. V1a and V2 receptors (V1aR and V2R) differentially mediated these effects in transgenic ES cells, and exhibited a distinct developmentally regulated mRNA expression pattern. A NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME, powerfully antagonized the AVP-induced effects on cardiogenic differentiation, implicating NO signaling in AVP-mediated pathways. Indeed, AVP elevated the mRNA and protein levels of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) through V2R stimulation. Remarkably, increased beating activity was found in AVP-treated ES cells with down-regulated eNOS expression, indicating the significant involvement of additional pathways in cardiomyogenic effects of AVP. Finally, patch clamp recordings revealed specific AVP-induced changes of action potentials and increased L-type Ca2+ (ICa,L) current densities in differentiated ventricular phenotypes. Thus, AVP promotes cardiomyocyte differentiation of ES cells and involves Gata-4 and NO signaling. AVP-induced action potential prolongation appears likely to be linked to the increased ICa,L current in ventricular cells. In conclusion, this report provides new evidence for the essential role of the AVP system in ES cell-derived cardiomyogenesis.     

Arginine vasopressin increases iNOS-NO system activity in cardiac fibroblasts through NF-kappaB activation and its relation with myocardial fibrosis

Previous studies have shown that arginine vasopressin (AVP) promotes myocardial fibrosis (MF), whereas nitric oxide (NO) inhibits MF. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are the main target cells of MF. However, the modulatory effect of AVP on NO production in CFs and the role of this effect in MF are still unknown. In the present study, CFs obtained from Sprague-Dawley rats were stimulated with or without AVP and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappaB). NO production and NOS activity were detected with absorption spectrometry, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein with Western blot analysis, iNOS mRNA with real-time PCR, CF collagen synthesis with [(3)H]proline incorporation, and NF-kappaB activation with immunofluorescence staining and Western blot analysis. The results showed that AVP increased NO production in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with maximal effects at 10(-7) mol/l after 24-h stimulation. AVP also increased NOS activity, protein and mRNA levels of iNOS in a coincident manner. Furthermore, AVP also increased CF collagen synthesis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, it was found that NF-kappaB was activated by AVP, and that PDTC could inhibit NO production, NOS activity, protein and mRNA levels of iNOS stimulated by AVP in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of PDTC on NF-kappaB translocation were coincident with the effects of PDTC on iNOS-NO system activity. It is suggested that AVP increases NO production via the regulation of iNOS gene expression, and the upregulation of iNOS gene expression stimulated by AVP is mediated through NF-kappaB activation. NO production induced by AVP may counteract the profibrotic effects of AVP, thus the development of MF perhaps depends on the balance between profibrotic AVP and antifibrotic NO effects on MF.     

Gradient of nuclear volume changes in breast cancer and its relation to prognosis

OBJECTIVE: In a study of 112 cases of invasive breast cancer, the prognostic value of the gradient of nuclear volume (NV) changes was examined. STUDY DESIGN: On conventional histologic slides of surgically resected specimens, we studied the nuclear changes from early to advanced. The former was represented by the noninvasive area in the tumor periphery and the latter by the invasive area with true neoplastic stroma. We analyzed the difference in NV between the noninvasive area in the tumor periphery (NVcis) and the invasive area where the nuclei are large (NVlarge), a zone we assessed to have the greatest cancer progression. Based on these measurements, we defined NV gradient index (NVG index) as the ratio of NVlarge to NVcis. RESULTS: The NVG index in cases of cancer death (4.33 +/- 1.70, n = 35) was significantly larger than in relapsing survivors (2.76 +/- 1.31, n = 13, P = .002) and in relapse-free survivors (2.17 +/- 1.60, n = 64, P < .0003). In the group of cancer deaths, the correlation coefficient between NVG index and survival was -0.398 (0 < P < .02). Even in cases of stage I, NVG index in the group of cancer deaths (5.68 +/- 1.4) was significantly larger than in relapsing survivors (2.42 +/- 1.2) or relapse-free survivors (1.74 +/- 0.55). By multivariate analysis, NVG index was independently prognostic for disease-specific survival (P = .0001). CONCLUSION: The NVG index contributes to discrimination between possible survivors and cancer deaths. Though there are exceptions, cases with a small NVG index can be expected to survive for a longer period even after a relapse.     

Exercise-induced changes in cardiac gene expression and its relation to spatial maze performance

Cognitive performance is sensitive to both neural and non-neural changes induced by physical activity and inactivity. This study investigated whether access to physical activity outside a standard laboratory animal cage affected cognitive performance as measured by navigation of a spatial maze. It also examined gene expression in heart tissue for genes associated with cardiovascular function given recent reports of cognitive impairment associated with hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, we measured expression of neural-regulatory genes typically expressed in brain, but also found in cardiac tissue. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 72) were separated into three groups having different access to physical activity: none outside a standard cage, twice-weekly physical activity, and every other day exercise on a running wheel. Compared with a sedentary group, spatial maze performance was enhanced in animals that had access to physical activity, either twice-weekly in a large box or every other day on a running wheel. Both the cardiovascular and neural-related genes expressed in the heart were distinguished by access to physical activity. Several genes that are associated with heart rate, cholesterol biosynthesis, blood pressure, and cell adhesion regulation, including GJA1, FDFT1, EDN1, and CD36, differed in animals based on access to physical activity. Neural-related genes expressed in cardiac tissue associated with neurite outgrowth, neuroplasticity, and neurogenesis including RTN4, HOMER2, ACTB, NCDN, KIF5B, and HMGB2, were expressed differently among the three groups. Significant shifts in ten cardiovascular and neural-related gene expressions in cardiac tissue were associated with physical activity and may have influenced learning and performance on a spatial maze.