Structure fine du tissu vecteur dans le cœur de rat

Conclusion Le système vecteur montre une différenciation morphologique plus ou moins accusée selon ses diverses parties. Les modifications musculaires sont les plus marquées dans le nud de Keith-Flack. Les fibres vectrices se rapprochent ensuite progressivement des fibres communes. Le nud de Tawara est caractérisé par une intrications d'éléments musculaires et nerveux.Il existe dans le myocarde auriculaire plusieurs types de fibres; mais la connection entre les nuds de Keith-Flack et de Tawara ne semble pas assurée par un système de fibres spécifiques.Un certain nombre de données physiologiques semblent pouvoir être reliées à des particularités structurales du tissu vecteur.Avec la collaboration technique de Mlle. M. E. Stoeckel.     

Valeur pronostique de la TEP au FDG dans le bilan initial du cancer de l’œsophage

Esophageal cancer outcome greatly depends on pathological stage. Our objectives were to assess prognosis based on the initial FDG PET scan, focusing on correlation between overall survival and FDG uptake in the primary, as well as the presence of FDG positive lymph nodes or metastases. Fifty-two esophageal cancer patients undergoing FDG PET as part of initial routine staging procedure before treatment were included. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) was determined in each primary lesion and the number of abnormalities including primary, lymph nodes or distant metastases was recorded. Correlation with overall survival was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis was used to assess the prognostic value of PET parameters. Half of the patients were planned for initial curative surgery (52%). Using univariate survival analysis, either surgery, SUV_max superior than 9, two or more PET abnormalities, or the presence of FDG positive nodes were significant overall survival prognostic predictors. After multivariate analysis, only SUV_max superior than 9 and FDG positive lymph nodes were found as independent predictors of poor outcome. In this prospective study FDG PET was found to provide prognostic information supporting a new indication for initial FDG PET examination in esophageal cancer.     

Un câblage inhabituel dans l’urètre

Objective

To describe an unusual case of a urethral foreign body.

Methods and results

This was a case of an intraurethral foreign body in a man aged 32 with previous psychiatric problems, who had inserted an electric cable into his urethra. This was managed by surgical removal via a perineal approach.

Conclusion

The treatment of intraurethral foreign bodies is usually endoscopic, but in some cases open surgery is necessary.     

L’homme souffrant en quête de sens: du récit de soi à l’identité narrative. Une réflexion à partir de Ricœur

The question of personal identity is central to any reflection on mankind and, therefore, immediately relevant to clinical anthropology. The notion of the continuity of personal identity over time represents Ric?ur’s contribution to the question. Upheaval and continuity in life are integrated into self-narrative, enabling temporal permanence of identity, which generates reflective consciousness and its concomitant ethical dimension. But from this anthropological point of view, the subject doesn’t construct a self and world through narrative. On the contrary, it is narrative elements that construct the subject, allowing the subject to make sense of his or her subjective life in the world. Through this narrative conception of the suffering individual, Ric?ur makes a distinct contribution to discourse in clinical anthropology in positing that suffering is a part of a person’s effort to recount their lives.     

L’Equipement chromosomique du spermatozoïde

Cytogenetics of human sperm chromosomes has been developped by few laboratories during the last decade, in order to investigate dysfuncitons of meiosis in normal men and in carriers of chromosomal abnormalities. On the basis of pooled data, it can be established that normal men produce almost 10% of abnormal spermatozoa, including a majority of structural aberrations (6.5%). Frequency of hyperhaploïdies, resulting from chromosome malsegregations, seems to be equally distributed among all chromosome groups. A study of in vivo recently irradiated patients demonstrates that despite a high incidence of multiple rearrangements, the sperm fertilizing ability is not reduced. Segregation of additional chromosomes can also be studied in fertile carriers; such as study has demonstrated that, in a mosaic patient, 47 XXY germ cells are able to complete meiosis. Finally the major application of the technique consists in direct segregation analysis of structural chromosome rearrangements. The sperm of such carriers exhibits a higher proportion of unbalanced spermatozoa than generally expected in offsprings.     

L’humanisation au prisme des pierres taillées

Knapped stone tools constitute an interesting evidence of the mental abilities of their makers. Almost imperishable, they bear visible traces of the successive removals they come from, and of the flaking techniques used. On that basis, we present a few remarkable achievements along the evolution of prehistoric lithic technology, and discuss their capabilities. The tools of the oldest Palaeolithic already surpass the nut cracking from Chimpanzees. Some core reductions into flakes, as early as 2.3 My, show a repeated organization of the removals, and the capacity to prevent a problem. The regular and symmetrical hand-axes from Africa and Europe, appearing between 1 and 0.5 My, provide evidence of a mental template and hence a capacity of conceptualization. The Levalloisian core reduction, somewhat more recent, give evidence of a goal structured method: the technical actions were hierarchized and subordinate to morphological intentions.     

L’anthropologie clinique au carrefour des psychothérapies

Individualism, which characterises modern, democratic society, impacts the social bond and the institutions that protect it. Psychotherapy reflects this change in the social context through the ever-increasing fragmentation of its theories and methods. Within the context of the resulting division of therapeutic approach, the tendency for technical specialisation and mutual dismissal among the various schools sometimes overshadows the very object of psychotherapy, namely, suffering human beings. The future of humane psychotherapy, therefore, requires therapists to increase their awareness of the scope and limits of the approach they pledge allegiance to, relative to other schools. Therapists must epistemologically clarify the implicit presuppositions of the theories and methods they adopt and emotionally distance themselves from their theoretical school. Phenomenology-inspired clinical anthropology provides essential tools to meet this goal.     

L��essor des sciences du neurone au xx e si��cle

In the late 19th century, the introduction of the neurone concept led to vivid oppositions in many fields of enquiry, especially in the physiology of the nervous system. In Great Britain, novel research programs (Sherrington and Adrian) supplanted the general common hostility to conceive of the neurone as a general and fundamental physiological element. These new paths of research led to a unique neuronal physiology awarded the Nobel Prize for physiology or medicine in 1932. This first form of neuro-physiology spread abroad and came under the attack of American physiologists concerning the functional role of the neurone soma vs the more fundamental and hypothetical function of the axon. During the 1930s and the 1940s, a series of polemics progressively died out with the establishment of the fundamental bases of a new and international neuronal physiology, which led to the rise of neuroscience after the Second World War.     

Rôle des organes pulsatiles thoraciques et du cœur pendant l'émergence et l'expansion des ailes des lépidoptères

Electrograms of the thoracic pulsatile organs and of the heart during emergence and expansion of the wings have been made. The mesotergal and metatergal organs function in a similar way: active periods are interrupted by short periods of rest, but the two organs contract with different but apparently independent rhythms. During emergence and expansion, the rate of contraction of the pulsatile organs increases twofold, and the resting periods disappear during the entire period of expansion of the wings. When the wings are removed or cut short, the activity of the pulsatile organs is inhibited.