Diamino-Antraquinone: A New Intercalating Agent. Synthesis and Linking to Oligodeoxynucleotide

Abstract

Phosphoramidite derivative of 1,4-diamino antraquinone was synthesized, characterized, and incorporated into oligonucleotides. Intercalative interaction between the dye and the nucleic acid was confirmed by CD spectroscopy.     

Application of Microchip Electrophoresis in the Analysis of RNA Aptamer-Protein Interactions

DNA and RNA can be separated by microchip electrophoresis (ME) and detected using an intercalating fluorescent dye. The advantages of this method are short sensing times (< 3 min), avoidance of a radioisotope labeling detection system, relatively low costs, and reduced labor intensity. In the present study, RNA aptamer-protein or -peptide interactions were analyzed using ME and the regression of free aptamers corresponding to unbound RNA was detected as the target protein or peptide increased in a dose-dependent manner. Our results demonstrate the applicability of this method to simple, rapid ligand screening in the interactions between oligonucleotides and their targets.     

基于荧光染料Cy5.5标记的引物延伸法鉴定细菌RNA剪切加工位点

【背景】传统引物延伸法常与放射性标记结合使用,但由于放射性元素半衰期短、危害人体健康及严格的操作要求等限制了其在一般实验室的广泛使用。因此,开发新型非放射性引物延伸法成为当前研究的热点。【目的】建立非放射性的引物延伸法,并利用该方法实现对细菌RNA剪切加工位点的鉴定。【方法】将包含RNA剪切位点的序列克隆至双荧光报告系统,然后利用荧光染料Cy5.5标记的特异性靶向mcherry寡核苷酸引物进行延伸,并辅以Northern blotting、RT-qPCR等技术,确定RNA剪切加工的精确位点。【结果】鉴定了来自解纤维梭菌cip-cel mRNA中的2个剪切加工位点均位于颈环结构下游的单链区域,且在剪切位点附近未发现保守序列。【结论】基于Cy5.5标记的引物延伸法能够精确鉴定RNA剪切加工位点,且与传统的放射性引物延伸法相比,该方法具有更高的安全性和更快的检测速度,能够满足一般实验室的实验要求。     

Efficient Chemical Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Containing the 2-Deoxyribonolactone Site

Abstract

A highly efficient synthetic method for incorporation of the deoxyribonolactone lesion into oligonucleotides was developed using the photochemical properties of 7-nitroindole.     

The H-Phosphonate Method for Constructing Phosphodiester Linkages. A Progress Report

Abstract

Ongoing research into the potential of the H-phosphonate method for synthesising oligonucleotides is discussed. Examples include the synthesis of an artificial Haemophilus influenzae antigen and also efforts to extend the method into the automated solid support synthesis of long RNA oligomers.     

Quantitative One Step Derivatization of Oligonucleotides by a Fluorescent Label Through Abasic Site Formation

Abstract

Reaction of abasic site-containing oligonucleotides with an oxyamino fluorescent label is described. The reaction represents an efficient method to functionalize oligonucleotides at preselected positions.     

Oligodeoxyribonucleosides Containing 1-β-D-Glucopyranosylthymine Synthesis and Substrate Properties

Abstract

Regioselective method for 1-β-D-glucopyranosylthymine incorporation into oligonucleotides has been developed and substrate properties of the latters in DNA synthesis and hydrolysis reactions were investigated.     

Dynamic Bis-Intercalation of a Homodimeric Thiazole Orange Dye in DNA: Evidence of Intercalator Creeping

Abstract

We have used one and two dimensional exchange ¹H NMR spectroscopy to characterize the dynamics of the binding of a homodimeric thiazole orange dye, 1,1′-(4,4,8,8-tetramethyl-4,8-diaza-undecamethylene)-bis-4-(3-methyl-2,3-dihydro-(benzo-1,3-thiazole)-2-methylidene)-quinolinium tetraiodide (TOTO), to double stranded DNA (dsDNA). The double stranded oligonucleotides used were d-(CGCTAGCG)₂ ( 1 ) and d(CGCTAGCTAGCG)₂ ( 2 ). TOTO binds preferentially to the (5′-CTAG-3′)₂ sites and forms mixtures of 1:1 and 1:2 dsDNA-TOTO complexes with 2 in ratios dependent on the relative amount of TOTO and the oligonucleotide in the sample. The dynamic exchange between preferential binding sites in the case of a 2:1 1 -TOTO mixture is an intermolecular exchange process between two binding sites on different oligonucleotides. In the case of the 1:1 2 -TOTO complex an intramolecular exchange process occur between two different binding sites on the same strand. Both processes were studied. The results demonstrate the ability of TOTO to migrate along a dsDNA strand in an intramolecular exchange process. The migration process (“creeping”) along the DNA strand is 6 times faster than the rate of intermolecular exchange between sites in two different oligonucleotides.     

Synthesis and Biophysical Studies of Modified Oligonucleotides Containing Acyclic Amino Alcohol Nucleoside Analogs

Abstract

Novel serine derivative of thymine was prepared and incorporated into oligonucleotides. These modified oligonucleotides were studied for their binding affinity with complementary DNA/RNA.     

Elucidation of the Hydrolytical Properties of α-Hydroxybenzylphosphonates as a New Potential Pro-Oligonucleotide Concept

Abstract

The synthesis of Fpmp-protected α-hydroxybenzylphosphonate modified oligonucleotides as potential new pro-oligonucleotides is described. The proposed hydrolytic pathways of the oligonucleotides were studied using two dimers 2 and 4 and the tetramer 6 containing one α-hydroxybenzyl modification as model compounds.     

Improved Synthesis of Trinucleotide Phosphoramidites and Generation of Randomized Oligonucleotide Libraries

A new method to produce a set of 20 high quality trinucleotide phosphoramidites on a 5–10 g scale each was developed. The procedure starts with condensation reactions of P-components with N-acyl nucleosides, bearing the 3 ′-hydroxyl function protected with 2-azidomethylbenzoyl, to give fully protected dinucleoside phosphates 13. Upon cleavage of dimethoxytrityl group from 13, dinucleoside phosphates 16 are initially transformed into trinucleoside diphosphates 19 and then the 2-azidomethylbenzoyl is selectively removed under neutral conditions to generate trinucleoside diphosphates 5 in excellent yield. Subsequent 3 ′-phosphitylation affords target trinucleotide phosphoramidites 7. When mutagenic oligonucleotides are synthesized employing mixtures of building blocks 7 as well as following the new synthetic protocol, representative oligonucleotide libraries are generated in good yields.     

Novel Method for the Covalent Immobilization of Oligonucleotides via Diels-Alder Bioconjugation

Abstract

The synthesis of cyclohexadiene and maleimide derivatives and their use for the functionalization of oligonucleotides and the coating of glass surfaces is reported. A method for the covalent attachment of diene or maleimide modified oligonucleotides to the coated glass surfaces via aqueous Diels-Alder reactions is presented.     

Evaluation of Oligonucleotides Containing Two Novel 2′-O-Methyl Modified Nucleotide Monomers: A 3′-C-Allyl and a 2′-O-3′-C-Linked Bicyclic Derivative

Abstract

The two ribo-configured nucleosides 1-(3-C-allyl-2–0-methyl-β-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)thymine 3 and (1S,5R,6R,8R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-1-methoxy-8-(thymin-1-yl)-2,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane 6 have been transformed into their corresponding phosphoramidites, 5 and 8 respectively, and used as building blocks for the synthesis of modified oligonucleotides. The oligonucleotides were shown to hybridize with decreased binding affinity towards complementary single stranded DNA and RNA.     

Biological Activities of Oligonucleotides Linked to Poly(L-Lysine)

Abstract

We have developped a method to couple oligonucleotides to poly(L-lysine). This tool has been tested with anti m-RNA synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides and 2′-5′(A)_n and allows oligonucleotides to enter intact cells.     

Protection of 2,6-Diaminopurine 2′-Deoxyriboside

Abstract

Protection of both mine moieties of 2, 6-diaminopurine 2′-deoxyriboside as a dimethylformamidine group did not proove feasable, while protection with a phenoxyacetyl group afforded only a mono-protected analogue 5. This analogue can be incorporated into oligonucleotides without difficulties. However, oligonucleotides with diaminopurine substituted for adenine did not yield more stable duplexes for the two sequences tested here.     

Dinucleoside Monophosphate Analogues Containing Disulfide Linkages

Abstract

Two dinucleoside monophosphate analogues containing disulfide linkages (1 and 2) have been prepared for incorporation into oligonucleotides. The modified oligomers will be tested for their potential as antisense agents.     

Fluorescent Labelling of Oligodeoxyribonucleotides by the Oxyamino-Aldehyde Coupling Reaction

Abstract

We describe the reaction of oligonucleotides containing an aldehydic group at the 5′-end or inside the sequence with an oxyamino label. The reaction was found to be highly selective and represents an efficient method for derivatization of oligonucleotides.     

A Rapid Solid Phase Method for the Synthesis of 3′-Thiol Group Containing Oligonucleotides

Abstract

A rapid solid phase method for the synthesis of 3′-thiol group containing oligonucleotides is described.     

Synthesis and Hybridization Properties of Modified Oligonucleotides with PNA-DNA Dimer Blocks

Abstract

Different modified PNA-DNA dimer-analogous synthons (I and II) were synthesized as phosphoramidites. These dimer units were assembled by a 5′-modified deoxythymidine and a modified PNA monomer. These synthons were used in the routine coupling procedure for oligonucleotides. Therefore no PNA coupling chemistry is necessary to synthesize PNA-DNA chimeric oligonucleotides. Various deoxyoligonucleotides were synthesized introducing the dimer blocks I and II at different positions in the sequences. Melting temperatures of the modified oligonucleotides with their complementary DNA analogues were determined.

Backbone modifications of oligonucleotides are required in the antisense strategy for protection against endonucleolytic cleavage in biological environment. Peptide nucleic acids (PNA fragments) are known to be nuclease resistant analogues, which show stable and discriminating hybridization. For this reason we prepared chimeric PNA-DNA oligomers by incorporation of two different modified PNA-DNA dimer blocks (Scheme A) into oligonucleotides. Melting temperatures of the modified oligonucleotides with their complementary DNA were determined.     

Synthesis and Properties of 2′-O-Methylribonucleotide Methylphosphonate Containing Chimeric Oligonucleotides

Abstract

2′-O-methylribonucleoside methylphosphonamidites are synthesized and incorporated into oligonucleotides to obtain chimeric antisense oligonucleotides. The resulting oligonucleotide binds to their target RNA/DNA sequences efficiently and stable in a medium containing bovine serum.