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几种昆虫生长调节剂对家白蚁的毒效试验 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
在室内条件下测定了卡死克、抑太保、灭幼豚3号、爱力螨克和扑虱灵五种昆虫生长调节剂对家白蚁的毒杀效果。初步筛选结果表明:卡死克、抑太保和爱力螨克对家白蚁的毒杀效果均较好,家白蚁对爱力螨克尤其敏感。2.30pm。yL爱力螨克、327.36pm0VL、卡死克和369.80V*wL抑太保处理白蚁5~6天后,其死亡率可达100%。忌避性试验表明:卡死克、抑太保和爱力螨克对家白蚁均无明显的驱避作用。 相似文献
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广东省塑料电缆“三防”会战组 《昆虫学报》1978,(1):27-34
在我国的南部地区,家白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus)蛀蚀埋地塑料通讯电缆。由此发生的电缆障碍,最高可达电缆总故障率的60—70%,严重地影响了塑料通讯电缆的使用和发展。 本文报道了硬质聚氯乙烯(1号及2号)外护套电缆同“药物型”(狄氏剂、氯丹及林丹)聚氯乙烯(PVC)外护套电缆,都可以预防白蚁的蛀蚀。采用这两种措施加工的防白蚁试片及电缆,通过室内生物毒力测定,野外暴露试验后,并在广东省白蚁危害严重地区进行扩大试验,目前已建立了全长100余公里的八个试验使用线路,试用时间最长达三年半,最短亦有八月余,均未发现白蚁蛀蚀,使用效果良好。 相似文献
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湘潭市是湖南省白蚁危害地区之一。通过调查,我市发现白蚁近40种,造成直接经济损失500多万元,现就近几年在白蚁防治方面所做的研究整理如下。1白蚁防治调查1.1不同药剂诱杀家白蚁的防治效果用白蚁喜食的材料做成诱杀箱,埋放在白蚁经常出没的地方,待诱集到一定数量的白蚁后,用灭蚁灵粉剂或砒粉剂喷杀,其防治效果见表1。1.2不同药剂防治散白蚁的防治效果用氯丹、溴氰菊酯、砷铜合剂全面喷洒蚁害活动区,或用灭蚁灵剂喷入分飞孔内及对危害区域多点喷施,其防治效果见表2。1.3不同药剂防治土栖白蚁的防治效果用氯丹、溴… 相似文献
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<正> 氯丹长期以来是白蚁防治界主要的土壤杀虫剂和木材防蛀剂,但它给环境带来了严重的污染。而以氯菊酯代替氯丹使用,又带来加大用药成本、及其药剂自然界稳定性的问题。为 相似文献
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杀白蚁药剂的筛选方法 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
长期以来,国内外用氯丹、灭蚁灵等有机氯农药预防和防治白蚁。由于对环境和人类健康的严重危害性,一些发达国家已前后禁止使用有机氯农药。如美国分别于1976年和1987年开始禁止使用灭蚁灵和氯丹、七氯等有机氯农药。我国也正在逐步缩小有机氯农药的使用范围。从现有新杀虫剂中筛选出取代有机氯农药的杀白蚁药剂,成为广大白蚁防治研究者的一项迫切任务。近年来国外有许多有关这方面的研究报道。本文介绍国外有关筛选杀白蚁药剂的室内和野外试验方法,供国内广大白蚁研究者和防治工作者参考。1室内试验1.1接触毒性测定1.1.1点滴法:Su… 相似文献
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氟虫腈、吡虫啉作为黑翅土白蚁诱杀药剂的效果 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
毒力测定结果表明,0.025~0.4μg/mL氟虫腈和吡虫啉分别在药后3 d和5 d对黑翅土白蚁Odontotermes formosanus表现出明显的毒杀效果,氟虫腈和吡虫啉药后1 d的LC50分别为药后5 d的509倍和63.8倍,2种药剂对黑翅土白蚁的毒杀效果均比较缓慢。毒性传递试验表明,0.5μg/g毒沙处理白蚁1 h后,氟虫腈和吡虫啉的致死毒性均可被传毒白蚁传递给受毒白蚁。驱避作用试验表明,50μg/mL氟虫腈对黑翅土白蚁无明显的驱避作用,而50μg/mL吡虫啉对黑翅土白蚁表现出了明显的驱避作用。可见,2种供试药剂中,氟虫腈是较理想的白蚁诱杀药剂。 相似文献
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用"群体法"对1%联苯菊酯乳油防白蚁电缆涂料抗台湾乳白蚁Coptotermes formosanus Shirak蛀蚀进行测试,结果表明:只涂防蚁涂料的电缆和木块抗白蚁性能的蛀蚀等级为1级,并且其白蚁存活时间最短,分别为10.33±1.53d和8.67±1.15d,两者之间差异不显著;先涂一层防白蚁涂料,再涂一层普通涂料的电缆和木块全达到蛀蚀等级1级,白蚁存活时间分别为24.33±2.52d和21.33±2.08d,两者之间差异不显著;只涂普通涂料的电缆和木块抗白蚁蛀蚀等级分别为1级和2~3级,白蚁存活时间分别为64.00±2.65d和62.67±2.08d,两者之间的差异也不显著;未涂涂料的电缆和木块抗白蚁蛀蚀等级分别为1级和4级,该处理的电缆缸内白蚁存活时间为72.33±3.06d,而该木块第90d试验结束时白蚁仍然活动正常,两者之间的差异显著。本研究结果显示:该防白蚁电缆涂料有良好的抗台湾乳白蚁蛀蚀性能;在电缆外护套或木块表面涂了一层该防白蚁电缆涂料后加涂一层普通涂料,既能抗台湾乳白蚁蛀蚀,又能减少环境污染。 相似文献
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毒死蜱对家白蚁毒杀作用的时间与剂量效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用含不同毒死蜱浓度的毒土对家白蚁(Coptoternes foumosamus Shiraki)进行了生物测定,浓度范围为0.015-0.48mg/kg。观察2周。实验观察发现土壤中毒死蜱浓度为0.48-0.06mg/kg时,白蚁接触毒土出现的死亡高峰为4小时至2天;在0.03mg/kg时,死亡高峰在1周以后;而浓度为0.015mg/kg时,2周内仍观察不到白蚁死亡。所获的生物测定数据很好地拟合时 相似文献
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Summary The systemic insecticides Acephate, Chlorpyrifos, and Oxamyl were variously toxic toPinus halepensis seeds and seedlings. When applied directly to seeds. Oxyamyl completely suppressed germination; Acetate and Chlorpyrifos greatly inhibited germination. The insecticides either prevented emergence or inhibited elongation of cotyledons and radicals. The insecticides were toxic to youngPinus halepensis seedlings whether applied to the soil or as shoot dips. Oxamyl was the most toxic of the three insecticidesResearch supported by the Council for International Exchange of Scholars and the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisonsin. 相似文献
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《Fish & shellfish immunology》2014,36(1):120-129
Deltamethrin, a sintetic pyrethroid, is the insecticide that has been replacing recently to others like organochlorines, organophosphates and carbamates which are less toxic for birds and mammals, although, unfortunately, all of them are highly toxic to various non-targeted aquatic organisms including fish. In the present study, the consequences of the exposition of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) specimens to sublethal bath dose of deltamethrin (0.1 ppb) on organo-somatic indexes, immunity, seric metabolic parameters, oxidative stress and liver histology were determined after 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of exposure. Deltamethrin alters gilthead seabream immune status, the hepato-somatic index and various seric metabolic parameters since the first exposure day while important progressive deleterious morphological changes in liver were also observed. However, no statistically significant deviation was detected in the expression of oxidative stress-related genes whilst the expression of cytochrome P450 gene was up-regulated in head-kidney and liver of exposed fish. Overall, the present results indicate severe immunotoxicological and metabolic effects of deltamethrin in gilthead seabream, the species with the highest rate of production in Mediterranean aquaculture. In general, the values obtained for the tested parameters during the trial seem to indicate that specimens try to adapt to this adverse situation although the continuous presence of the toxic impede the hypothetic recovery of homoeostasis. The use of deltamethrin in the proximities of seabream farms should be carefully considered. 相似文献
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Chlorpyrifos, formetanate, methamidophos, imidacloprid and endosulfan were tested in the laboratory for their effects upon the mirid bugs Dicyphus tamaninii and Macrolophus caliginosus, which are polyphagous predators used for IPM programs in some vegetable crops. The mortality of third-fourth instar nymphs was checked 24 and 48 hours and 7 days after exposure to 1-, 3-, 8-, 21- and 30-day residues of the treatments on tomato leaflets. The reproductive capacity of surviving females also was evaluated for 15 days and compared with females that had not been exposed to insecticides. Chlorpyrifos, formetanate and methamidophos are considered persistent because they remained toxic to both mirid species for 30 days. Imidacloprid is moderately persistent, becoming harmless by 21 days after treatment for M. caliginosus and by 30 days after treatment for D. tamaninii. Endosulfan is moderately persistent for M. caliginosus, becoming harmless by 21 days after treatment, and is short lived for D. tamaninii, becoming harmless by 3 days after treatment. There were no effects on the reproductive capacity of females that were exposed as nymphs to the insecticides tested. Of all the insecticides, only endosulfan is marginally compatible with the use of D. tamaninii. 相似文献
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The effects of various insecticides on the mycelial growth, sporulation and conidial germination of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae isolate E9 were studied in the laboratory. Chlorpyrifos was the most toxic organophosphate to mycelial growth and sporulation at all concentrations. Temephos, malathion and leptophos were highly toxic to sporulation while malathion was the most inhibitory to germination. The carbamates, carbofuran, methomyl and oxamyl were moderately toxic to mycelial growth and sporulation while oxamyl had an adverse effect on germination. The pyrethroids (pyrethrin, permethrin and resmethrin) and the insect growth regulators (diflubenzuron and methoprene) were not inhibitory to the various developmental stages of isolate E9. The chlorinated hydrocarbons (chlordane, lindane and toxaphene) were more deleterious than all other insecticide groups tested. Among the fungicides, benomyl and maneb produced the greatest inhibition. 相似文献
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The effects of flonicamide and pymetrozine, on inert and natural substrates, on the rove beetle Aleochara bilineata (Gyll.), the parasitic wasp Aphidius rhopalosiphi (DeStefani-Perez), the ladybird Adalia bipunctata (L.), the carabid beetle Bembidion lampros (Herbst), and the hoverfly Episyrphus balteatus (DeGeer) were assessed in the laboratory. Deltamethrin and pirimicarb were also tested as toxic reference compounds. The
results indicated high selectivity of flonicamide and pymetrozine for all the species tested. No significant effects on B. lampros and A. bilineata were recorded for sand or on E. balteatus for plants. Pymetrozine on inert substrates had no effects on A. bipunctata larvae, whereas flonicamid was slightly toxic on glass plates but harmless on plants. Both compounds were toxic to adult
A. rhopalosiphi on glass plates and on plants in the laboratory, but no effects were observed on plants treated in the field. In comparison,
the toxic reference products were always more toxic. Compared with classical insecticides tested on the same species using
similar methods, flonicamide and pymetrozine seem to be promising insecticides for aphid control in terms of selectivity for
aphid antagonists. 相似文献
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The incidence of bubonic plague in Madagascar is high. This study reports the susceptibility of 32 different populations of a vector, the flea Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae), to the insecticide Deltamethrin. Despite the use of Deltamethrin against fleas, plague epidemics have re-emerged in Madagascar. The majority of the study sites were located in the Malagasy highlands where most plague cases have occurred over the last 10 years. X. cheopis fleas were tested for susceptibility to Deltamethrin (0.05%): only two populations were susceptible to Deltamethrin, four populations were tolerant and 26 populations were resistant. KD50 (50% Knock-Down) and KD90 (90% Knock-Down) times were determined, and differed substantially from 9.4 to 592.4 minutes for KD50 and 10.4 min to 854.3 minutes for KD90. Susceptibility was correlated with latitude, but not with longitude, history of insecticide use nor date of sampling. Combined with the number of bubonic plague cases, our results suggest that an immediate switch to an insecticide other than Deltamethrin is required for plague vector control in Madagascar. 相似文献
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A 2-yr field study evaluated the effects of selected insecticides on Bembidion obscurellum Motschulsky and Bembidion quadrimaculatum L., carabid predators of the wheat midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin). A bioassay method using caged beetles indicated that insecticides differed significantly in their contact and residual toxicities when applied at maximum recommended field rates. Deltamethrin, the least toxic insecticide, caused approximately 30% mortality in both beetle species, but its residual toxicity on the soil remained constant for 1 wk. Dimethoate was initially more toxic (73% mortality) than deltamethrin but less toxic after 1 wk (12% mortality). Carbofuran and chlorpyrifos, the most toxic contact sprays, caused 83 to 100% mortality. After 1 wk, the residual toxicity of carbofuran had declined markedly (5% mortality) whereas the toxicity of chlorpyrifos remained high (82% mortality). Pitfall trapping was an inconclusive method of evaluating the toxicity of insecticidal sprays to carabid adults. In plots treated with carbofuran, pitfall catches of Bembidion species were not significantly different from those in control plots during a 6-wk period after spraying. In plots treated with chlorpyrifos, catches of Bembidion species were significantly lower than those in control plots 3-16 d after spraying, but not thereafter. Results suggested that adult immigration and residual toxicity influence pitfall catches and recovery of carabid populations after spraying. 相似文献
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The effects of one acaricide (cyhexatin), two fungicides (penconazole and sulfur), and six insecticides (azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, pirimicarb, triazamate and vamidothion) on the adult stage of the parasitoidAphelinus mali (Haldeman), a parasite of the woolly apple aphidEriosoma lanigerum (Hausmann), were investigated under laboratory conditions. Chlorpyrifos (an organophosphorus insecticide-OP) was found to be highly toxic to the adult wasps. Vamidothion (OP) was more toxic to the parasitoid than azinphos-methyl (OP). On the other hand, both chlorpyrifos and azinphos-methyl were found to be harmless to the immature stages of the parasitoid in a test conducted under semi-field conditions. Of the other insecticides, imidacloprid was more toxic to the adult parasitoid than pirimicarb and triazamate. Neither cyhexatin nor penconazole had a considerable toxic effect upon the parasitoid. In contrast, sulfur was found to be moderately toxic to the parasitoid under laboratory conditions, as well as in a field survey in which we followed populations ofE. lanigerum andA. mali parasitization in sulfur-treated plots, and in a plot treated withAmpelomyces quisqualis Ces., a fungus antagonist to powdery mildew. The implications of these results to IPM programs of apple orchards in Israel are discussed 相似文献
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CLIFFORD RAYJOHNSON 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》1980,69(2):143-147
Three week old tadpoles of Hyla regilla were exposed to the insecticides temephos, fenthion, methyl parathion, chlorpyrifos, and malathion for 24 h at concentrations less than and at field applied rates as recommended for mosquito control in California. The thermal tolerance was significantly lowered by all chemicals and concentrations tested. Chlorpyrifos and methyl parathion were the most active compounds tested whereas malathion was the least toxic to H regilla tadpoles. Activity was depressed, in comparison to control tadpoles, by the chemicals methyl parathion (100 ppb) and malathion (500 ppb). 相似文献
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Chlorpyrifos is of great environmental concern due to its widespread use in the past several decades and its potential toxic effects on human health. Thus, the degradation study of chlorpyrifos has become increasing important in recent years. A fungus capable of using chlorpyrifos as the sole carbon source was isolated from organophosphate-contaminated soil and characterized as Cladosporium cladosporioides Hu-01 (collection number: CCTCC M 20711). A novel chlorpyrifos hydrolase from cell extract was purified 35.6-fold to apparent homogeneity with 38.5% overall recovery by ammoniumsulfate precipitation, gel filtration chromatography and anion-exchange chromatography. It is a monomeric structure with a molecular mass of 38.3 kDa. The pI value was estimated to be 5.2. The optimal pH and temperature of the purified enzyme were 6.5 and 40°C, respectively. No cofactors were required for the chlorpyrifos-hydrolysis activity. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by Hg2?, Fe3?, DTT, β-mercaptoethanol and SDS, whereas slight inhibitory effects (5-10% inhibition) were observed in the presence of Mn2?, Zn2?, Cu2?, Mg2?, and EDTA. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed various organophosphorus insecticides with P-O and P-S bond. Chlorpyrifos was the preferred substrate. The Km and Vmax values of the enzyme for chlorpyrifos were 6.7974 μM and 2.6473 μmol·min?1, respectively. Both NH2-terminal sequencing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) identified an amino acid sequence MEPDGELSALTQGANS, which shared no similarity with any reported organophosphate-hydrolyzing enzymes. These results suggested that the purified enzyme was a novel hydrolase and might conceivably be developed to fulfill the practical requirements to enable its use in situ for detoxification of chlorpyrifos. Finally, this is the first described chlorpyrifos hydrolase from fungus. 相似文献