共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Leonie Dengler Nora Kühn Dai-Lun Shin Bastian Hatesuer Klaus Schughart Esther Wilk 《PloS one》2014,9(7)
Influenza A infection is a serious threat to human and animal health. Many of the biological mechanisms of the host-pathogen-interactions are still not well understood and reliable biomarkers indicating the course of the disease are missing. The mouse is a valuable model system enabling us to study the local inflammatory host response and the influence on blood parameters under controlled circumstances. Here, we compared the lung and peripheral changes after PR8 (H1N1) influenza A virus infection in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice using virus variants of different pathogenicity resulting in non-lethal and lethal disease. We monitored hematological and immunological parameters revealing that the granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio in the blood represents an early indicator of severe disease progression already two days after influenza A infection in mice. These findings might be relevant to optimize early diagnostic options of severe influenza disease and to monitor successful therapeutic treatment in humans. 相似文献
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Avian influenza (AI) is a listed disease of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) that has become a disease of great
importance both for animal and human health. Until recent times, AI was considered a disease of birds with zoonotic implications
of limited significance. The emergence and spread of the Asian lineage highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) H5N1 virus has dramatically
changed this perspective; not only has it been responsible of the death or culling of millions of birds, but this virus has
also been able to infect a variety of non-avian hosts including human beings. The implications of such a panzootic reflect
themselves in animal health issues, notably in the reduction of a protein source for developing countries and in the management
of the pandemic potential. Retrospective studies have shown that avian progenitors play an important role in the generation
of pandemic viruses for humans, and therefore these infections in the avian reservoir should be subjected to control measures
aiming at eradication of the Asian H5N1 virus from all sectors rather than just eliminating or reducing the impact of the
disease in poultry.
Dennis J. Alexander—Unaffiliated Consultant Virologist 相似文献
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人呼吸道禽流感病毒受体的分布趋势 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
禽类流感病毒和人类流感病毒具有很强的受体识别特异性,分别与唾液酸α-2,3Gal和α-2,6Gal受体分子结合而感染各自的宿主细胞.这种受体结合特异性是流感病毒在禽类和人类之间跨种属传递的主要障碍.应用凝集素组织化学染色技术,探讨人呼吸道各解剖学部位流感病毒唾液酸受体的分布特征.结果显示,唾液酸α-2,3Gal受体, 即禽类流感受体,主要分布在下呼吸道的呼吸部即呼吸细支气管和肺泡, 而在主气管、支气管和细支气管仅少量分布.相反,人类流感病毒受体,唾液酸α-2,6Gal受体在气管、支气管呈高密度分布,随着支气管分级逐渐降低分布减少,至肺泡分布最少.但比较人呼吸道发育成熟过程中,唾液酸α-2,3Gal和α-2,6Gal受体的表达,未发现明显差别.禽流感H5N1病毒体外感染人呼吸道组织试验结果表明,肺泡上皮较支气管和气管上皮易感染,与唾液酸α-2,3Gal受体分布特点相符合.结果提示,人呼吸道可被禽流感病毒感染,目前H5N1病毒极少发生人传人的特点,可能与个体间上呼吸道唾液酸α-2,3Gal受体表达差异有关. 相似文献
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The human pharyngeal microbiome, which resides at the juncture of digestive and respiratory tracts, may have an active role in the prevention of respiratory tract infections, similar to the actions of the intestinal microbiome against enteric infections. Recent studies have demonstrated that the pharyngeal microbiome comprises an abundance of bacterial species that interacts with the local epithelial and immune cells, and together, they form a unique micro-ecological system. Most of the microbial species in microbiomes are obligate symbionts constantly adapting to their unique surroundings. Indigenous commensal species are capable of both maintaining dominance and evoking host immune responses to eliminate invading species. Temporary damage to the pharyngeal microbiome due to the impaired local epithelia is also considered an important predisposing risk factor for infections. Therefore, reinforcement of microbiome homeostasis to prevent invasion of infection-prone species would provide a novel treatment strategy in addition to antibiotic treatment and vaccination. Hence continued research efforts on evaluating probiotic treatment and developing appropriate procedures are necessary to both prevent and treat respiratory infections. 相似文献
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T. Simpson 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1954,1(4857):297-301
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C. G. H. Newman 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1960,2(5214):1732-1732
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D. H. Garrow 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1965,1(5430):297-299
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From February to May, 2013, 132 human avian influenza H7N9 cases were identified in China resulting in 37 deaths. We developed a novel, simple and effective compartmental modeling framework for transmissions among (wild and domestic) birds as well as from birds to human, to infer important epidemiological quantifiers, such as basic reproduction number for bird epidemic, bird-to-human infection rate and turning points of the epidemics, for the epidemic via human H7N9 case onset data and to acquire useful information regarding the bird-to-human transmission dynamics. Estimated basic reproduction number for infections among birds is 4.10 and the mean daily number of human infections per infected bird is 3.16*10−5 [3.08*10−5, 3.23*10−5]. The turning point of 2013 H7N9 epidemic is pinpointed at April 16 for bird infections and at April 9 for bird-to-human transmissions. Our result reveals very low level of bird-to-human infections, thus indicating minimal risk of widespread bird-to-human infections of H7N9 virus during the outbreak. Moreover, the turning point of the human epidemic, pinpointed at shortly after the implementation of full-scale control and intervention measures initiated in early April, further highlights the impact of timely actions on ending the outbreak. This is the first study where both the bird and human components of an avian influenza epidemic can be quantified using only the human case data. 相似文献
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A. Sally Davis Daniel S. Chertow Jenna E. Moyer Jon Suzich Aline Sandouk David W. Dorward Carolea Logun James H. Shelhamer Jeffery K. Taubenberger 《The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry》2015,63(5):312-328
Primary normal human bronchial/tracheal epithelial (NHBE) cells, derived from the distal-most aspect of the trachea at the bifurcation, have been used for a number of studies in respiratory disease research. Differences between the source tissue and the differentiated primary cells may impact infection studies based on this model. Therefore, we examined how well-differentiated NHBE cells compared with their source tissue, the human distal trachea, as well as the ramifications of these differences on influenza A viral pathogenesis research using this model. We employed a histological analysis including morphological measurements, electron microscopy, multi-label immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, lectin histochemistry, and microarray expression analysis to compare differentiated NHBEs to human distal tracheal epithelium. Pseudostratified epithelial height, cell type variety and distribution varied significantly. Electron microscopy confirmed differences in cellular attachment and paracellular junctions. Influenza receptor lectin histochemistry revealed that α2,3 sialic acids were rarely present on the apical aspect of the differentiated NHBE cells, but were present in low numbers in the distal trachea. We bound fluorochrome bioconjugated virus to respiratory tissue and NHBE cells and infected NHBE cells with human influenza A viruses. Both indicated that the pattern of infection progression in these cells correlated with autopsy studies of fatal cases from the 2009 pandemic. 相似文献
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E. Keith Westlake 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1954,2(4895):1012-1018
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Julia S. Ampuero Víctor Oca?a Jorge Gómez María E. Gamero Josefina Garcia Eric S. Halsey V. Alberto Laguna-Torres 《PloS one》2012,7(10)