共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Complete genome sequence of Yersinia pestis strains Antiqua and Nepal516: evidence of gene reduction in an emerging pathogen
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of bacteriology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Chain PS Hu P Malfatti SA Radnedge L Larimer F Vergez LM Worsham P Chu MC Andersen GL 《Journal of bacteriology》2006,188(12):4453-4463
Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic and pneumonic plagues, has undergone detailed study at the molecular level. To further investigate the genomic diversity among this group and to help characterize lineages of the plague organism that have no sequenced members, we present here the genomes of two isolates of the "classical" antiqua biovar, strains Antiqua and Nepal516. The genomes of Antiqua and Nepal516 are 4.7 Mb and 4.5 Mb and encode 4,138 and 3,956 open reading frames, respectively. Though both strains belong to one of the three classical biovars, they represent separate lineages defined by recent phylogenetic studies. We compare all five currently sequenced Y. pestis genomes and the corresponding features in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. There are strain-specific rearrangements, insertions, deletions, single nucleotide polymorphisms, and a unique distribution of insertion sequences. We found 453 single nucleotide polymorphisms in protein-coding regions, which were used to assess the evolutionary relationships of these Y. pestis strains. Gene reduction analysis revealed that the gene deletion processes are under selective pressure, and many of the inactivations are probably related to the organism's interaction with its host environment. The results presented here clearly demonstrate the differences between the two biovar antiqua lineages and support the notion that grouping Y. pestis strains based strictly on the classical definition of biovars (predicated upon two biochemical assays) does not accurately reflect the phylogenetic relationships within this species. A comparison of four virulent Y. pestis strains with the human-avirulent strain 91001 provides further insight into the genetic basis of virulence to humans. 相似文献
2.
Serotype differences and lack of biofilm formation characterize Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection of the Xenopsylla cheopis flea vector of Yersinia pestis
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of bacteriology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, is usually transmitted by fleas. To produce a transmissible infection, Y. pestis colonizes the flea midgut and forms a biofilm in the proventricular valve, which blocks normal blood feeding. The enteropathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, from which Y. pestis recently evolved, is not transmitted by fleas. However, both Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis form biofilms that adhere to the external mouthparts and block feeding of Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes, which has been proposed as a model of Y. pestis-flea interactions. We compared the ability of Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis to infect the rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis and to produce biofilms in the flea and in vitro. Five of 18 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, encompassing seven serotypes, including all three serotype O3 strains tested, were unable to stably colonize the flea midgut. The other strains persisted in the flea midgut for 4 weeks but did not increase in numbers, and none of the 18 strains colonized the proventriculus or produced a biofilm in the flea. Y. pseudotuberculosis strains also varied greatly in their ability to produce biofilms in vitro, but there was no correlation between biofilm phenotype in vitro or on the surface of C. elegans and the ability to colonize or block fleas. Our results support a model in which a genetic change in the Y. pseudotuberculosis progenitor of Y. pestis extended its pre-existing ex vivo biofilm-forming ability to the flea gut environment, thus enabling proventricular blockage and efficient flea-borne transmission. 相似文献
3.
Laukkanen-Ninios R Didelot X Jolley KA Morelli G Sangal V Kristo P Brehony C Imori PF Fukushima H Siitonen A Tseneva G Voskressenskaya E Falcao JP Korkeala H Maiden MC Mazzoni C Carniel E Skurnik M Achtman M 《Environmental microbiology》2011,13(12):3114-3127
Multilocus sequence analysis of 417 strains of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis revealed that it is a complex of four populations, three of which have been previously assigned species status [Y.?pseudotuberculosis sensu stricto (s.s.), Yersinia pestis and Yersinia similis] and a fourth population, which we refer to as the Korean group, which may be in the process of speciation. We detected clear signs of recombination within Y.?pseudotuberculosis s.s. as well as imports from Y.?similis and the Korean group. The sources of genetic diversification within Y.?pseudotuberculosis s.s. were approximately equally divided between recombination and mutation, whereas recombination has not yet been demonstrated in Y.?pestis, which is also much more genetically monomorphic than is Y.?pseudotuberculosis s.s. Most Y.?pseudotuberculosis s.s. belong to a diffuse group of sequence types lacking clear population structure, although this species contains a melibiose-negative clade that is present globally in domesticated animals. Yersinia similis corresponds to the previously identified Y.?pseudotuberculosis genetic type G4, which is probably not pathogenic because it lacks the virulence factors that are typical for Y.?pseudotuberculosis s.s. In contrast, Y.?pseudotuberculosis s.s., the Korean group and Y.?pestis can all cause disease in humans. 相似文献
4.
The high-pathogenicity island of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis can be inserted into any of the three chromosomal asn tRNA genes 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Carmen Buchrieser Roland Brosch Sandrine Bach Annie Guiyoule & Elisabeth Carniel 《Molecular microbiology》1998,30(5):965-978
Pathogenicity islands (PAIs) have been identified in several bacterial species. A PAI called high-pathogenicity island (HPI) and carrying genes involved in iron acquisition (yersiniabactin system) has been previously identified in Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pestis . In this study, the HPI of the third species of Yersinia pathogenic for humans, Y. pseudotuberculosis , has been characterized. We demonstrate that the HPI of strain IP32637 has a physical and genetic map identical to that of Y. pestis . A gene homologous to the bacteriophage P4 integrase gene is located downstream of the asn tRNA locus that borders the HPI of strain IP32637. This int gene is at the same position on the HPI of all three pathogenic Yersinia species. However, in contrast to Y. pestis 6/69, the HPI of Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32637 is not invariably adjacent to the pigmentation segment and can be inserted at a distance ≥ 190 kb from this segment. Also, in contrast to Y. pestis and Y. enterocolitica , the HPI of Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32637 can precisely excise from the chromosome, and, strikingly, it can be found inserted in any of the three asn tRNA loci present on the chromosome of this species, one of which is adjacent to the pigmentation segment. The pigmentation segment, which is present in Y. pestis but not in Y. enterocolitica , is also present and well conserved in all strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis studied. In contrast, the presence and size of the HPIs vary depending on the serotype of the strain: an entire HPI is found in strains of serotypes I only, a HPI with a 9 kb truncation in its left-hand part that carries the IS 100 sequence and the psn and ybtE genes characterizes the strains of serotype III, and no HPI is found in strains of serotypes II, IV and V. 相似文献
5.
Yersinia pestis pFra shows biovar-specific differences and recent common ancestry with a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi plasmid 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of bacteriology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Prentice MB James KD Parkhill J Baker SG Stevens K Simmonds MN Mungall KL Churcher C Oyston PC Titball RW Wren BW Wain J Pickard D Hien TT Farrar JJ Dougan G 《Journal of bacteriology》2001,183(8):2586-2594
Population genetic studies suggest that Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a clonal pathogen that has recently emerged from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Plasmid acquisition is likely to have been a key element in this evolutionary leap from an enteric to a flea-transmitted systemic pathogen. However, the origin of Y. pestis-specific plasmids remains obscure. We demonstrate specific plasmid rearrangements in different Y. pestis strains which distinguish Y. pestis bv. Orientalis strains from other biovars. We also present evidence for plasmid-associated DNA exchange between Y. pestis and the exclusively human pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. 相似文献
6.
The evolution of flea-borne transmission in Yersinia pestis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Hinnebusch BJ 《Current issues in molecular biology》2005,7(2):197-212
Transmission by fleabite is a recent evolutionary adaptation that distinguishes Yersinia pestis, the agent of plague, from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and all other enteric bacteria. The very close genetic relationship between Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis indicates that just a few discrete genetic changes were sufficient to give rise to flea-borne transmission. Y. pestis exhibits a distinct infection phenotype in its flea vector, and a transmissible infection depends on genes that are specifically required in the flea, but not the mammal. Transmission factors identified to date suggest that the rapid evolutionary transition of Y. pestis to flea-borne transmission within the last 1,500 to 20,000 years involved at least three steps: acquisition of the two Y. pestis-specific plasmids by horizontal gene transfer; and recruitment of endogenous chromosomal genes for new functions. Perhaps reflective of the recent adaptation, transmission of Y. pestis by fleas is inefficient, and this likely imposed selective pressure favoring the evolution of increased virulence in this pathogen. 相似文献
7.
Genotyping of Yersinia pestis strains on the basis of variation of ribosomal rRNA biosynthesis genes
Eroshenko GA Pavlova AI Kukleva LM Shavina NIu Kutyrev VV 《Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii》2007,(3):6-10
Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism of rRNA genes of Yersinia pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, circulating in Russian Federation and abroad revealed the effectiveness of ribotyping for differentiation between these microorganisms, as well as for differentiation between different Y. pestis biovars and main and nonmain subspecies of this agent. Use of this method was shown to be promising as a component for the complex molecular typing system of Y. pestis. Variant ribotypes of main and non-main subspecies of Y. pestis strains are presented. 相似文献
8.
Kukleva LM Eroshenko GA Kuklev VE Shavina NIu Krasnov IaM Guseva NP Kutyrev VV 《Molekuliarnaia genetika, mikrobiologiia i virusologiia》2008,(2):23-27
A study of the structural and regulatory genes, determining rhamnose fermentation, that are located in the rha locus of the chromosome of Yersinia pestis main and non-main subspecies and of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis of serogroups I-III was performed. The nucleotide sequence of Y. pestis main subspecies differs substantially from those of non-main subspecies and Y. pseudotuberculosis by the presence of a nucleotide substitution in 671 bp location of rhaS gene resulting presumably in the Y. pestis non-main subsp inability to utilize rhamnose. This results in incapability of Y. pestis non-main subspecies to utilize rhamnose. Other nucleotide substitutions found in Y. pestis non-main subspecies strains influence only upon expression efficiency of this diagnostic criterion. 相似文献
9.
10.
Erickson DL Jarrett CO Callison JA Fischer ER Hinnebusch BJ 《Journal of bacteriology》2008,190(24):8163-8170
Yersinia pestis, the bacterial agent of plague, forms a biofilm in the foregut of its flea vector to produce a transmissible infection. The closely related Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, from which Y. pestis recently evolved, can colonize the flea midgut but does not form a biofilm in the foregut. Y. pestis biofilm in the flea and in vitro is dependent on an extracellular matrix synthesized by products of the hms genes; identical genes are present in Y. pseudotuberculosis. The Yersinia Hms proteins contain functional domains present in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus proteins known to synthesize a poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine biofilm matrix. In this study, we show that the extracellular matrices (ECM) of Y. pestis and staphylococcal biofilms are antigenically related, indicating a similar biochemical structure. We also characterized a glycosyl hydrolase (NghA) of Y. pseudotuberculosis that cleaved beta-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues and reduced biofilm formation by staphylococci and Y. pestis in vitro. The Y. pestis nghA ortholog is a pseudogene, and overexpression of functional nghA reduced ECM surface accumulation and inhibited the ability of Y. pestis to produce biofilm in the flea foregut. Mutational loss of this glycosidase activity in Y. pestis may have contributed to the recent evolution of flea-borne transmission. 相似文献
11.
We characterized Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis insertion sequences related to insertion sequence 1541, recently identified in Yersinia pestis. For each of the two species, two insertion sequence copies were cloned and sequenced. Genetic elements from Y. pseudotuberculosis were almost identical to insertion sequence 1541, whereas these from Y. enterocolitica were less related. Phylogenetic analysis of the putative transposases encoded by insertion sequences from the three pathogenic members of the genus Yersinia showed that they clustered with those encoded by Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica elements belonging to the insertion sequence 200/insertion sequence 605 group. Insertion sequences originating from Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis constitute a monophyletic lineage distinct from that of Y. enterocolitica. 相似文献
12.
N N Novosel'tsev V I Marchenkov A N Kravchenko V E Valentsev L A Tinker 《Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii, i immunobiologii》1990,(12):15-18
The lytic activity of plague phage II, serovar 3, with respect to 1,800 bacterial strains has been studied: 760 Yersinia pestis strains, 262 Y. pseudotuberculosis strains, 252 Y. enterocolitica strains, 166 Escherichia coli strains, 90 Shigella strains and 270 strains of other species. The phage has been found to lyse 81.8% of Y. pestis strains, 1 Y. pseudotuberculosis strain and 1 Y. enterocolitica strain. The representatives of other 19 bacterial species have proved to be resistant to the phage. Though having a wide range of action within Y. pestis, the phage does not lyse most of the strains of the causative agent of plague, isolated in certain natural foci. This fact offers promise for using the phage for the differentiation of Y. pestis. 相似文献
13.
Erickson DL Waterfield NR Vadyvaloo V Long D Fischer ER Ffrench-Constant R Hinnebusch BJ 《Cellular microbiology》2007,9(11):2658-2666
Yersinia pestis diverged from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis= 20 000 years ago, during which time it evolved to be transmitted by fleas. In comparing the ability of these closely related species to infect the rat flea Xenopsylla cheopis, we found that Y. pseudotuberculosis, unlike Y. pestis, is orally toxic to fleas. Fleas showed signs of acute toxicity, including diarrhoea, immediately after feeding on blood containing Y. pseudotuberculosis in response to protein toxin(s) produced by the bacteria. Adherence of Y. pseudotuberculosis to the midgut and large intracellular vacuoles in midgut epithelial cells were detected during the first 24 h after infection. The insect pathogen Photorhabdus luminescens and its TcdA1 and TcdB1-TccC1 insecticidal toxin complexes were similarly toxic to fleas, implicating the toxin complex (tc) genes also present in Yersinia species. However, the Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis TcaAB and TcaC-TccC proteins were non-toxic to fleas, and Y. pseudotuberculosis mutants deleted of tc genes retained acute toxicity. Our results indicate that loss of one or more insect gut toxins was a critical step in the recent evolution of flea-borne transmission in the genus Yersinia. Changes in the tc insecticidal genes do not appear to have been responsible, but may have had other effects on Yersinia-flea interactions. 相似文献
14.
The nucleotide sequences of the Tc's insect toxin complex genes have been analyzed in 18 natural strains of the main and non-main subspecies of Yersinia pestis isolated in different natural foci in the Russian Federation, as well as neighboring and more remote countries, as compared to the data on Y. pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis strains stored in the NCBI GenBank database. The nucleotide sequences of these genes in plague agent strains have been found to be highly conserved, in contrast to those of the pseudotuberculosis agent. The sequences of two genes, tcaC and tccC2, have been found to be almost identical in Y. pestis strains, whereas other three genes (tcaA, tcaB, and tccC1) contain a few mutations, which, however, are not common for all strains of the plague agent. Exceptions are only strains of the Y. pestis biovar orientalis, whose tcaB gene is in a nonfunctional state due to a nucleotide deletion. The results suggest that the formation of the species Y. pestis as an agent of a natural focal infection with a transmissive mechanism has not resulted in degradation of the Tc's complex genes. Instead, these genes are likely to have been altered as the plague agent have been adapting to the new environment. 相似文献
15.
Tong ZZ Zhou DS Song YJ Zhang L Pei D Han YP Pang X Li M Cui BZ Wang J Guo ZB Qi ZZ Jin LX Zhai JH Du ZM Wang XY Wang J Huang PT Yang HM Yang RF 《The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology》2005,51(1):11-19
A PCR-based screening method was used to study the genetic variations of the pgm locus among natural isolates of Yersinia pestis from China. Our results indicate that genetic variations in the pgm locus are well correlated with biovars of Y. pestis and plague foci, suggesting that the pgm locus plays a role in Y. pestis adaptation to its environment. The gene encoding two-component regulatory system sensor kinase became a pseudogene in all strains of biovar Orientalis due to a thymidine deletion, while it is intact in all the strains of the other biovars. Only strains from Foci H and L are the same as Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in that they have an intact transmembrane helix in the sensor kinase protein, which is lost in all the other strains because of the 18 bp in-frame deletion. The IS100 element that flanks the 39 terminus of the pgm locus was inserted into the chromosome during the within-species microevolution of Y. pestis, which is absent in strains from Foci G, H and L and also in Y. pseudotuberculosis. This fact indicates that the strains from these three foci are of an older lineage of Chinese Y. pestis. It is this IS100 element's absence that maintained high stability of the pgm locus in the Y. pestis strains from these three foci. The IS285 element insertion in the pigmentation segment and the IS100 element insertion in the downstream flanking region of the pgm locus are only present in strains from Foci H and L. The flanking region outside the 59 terminus of the upstream IS100 element is identical in the strains from these two foci, which is different in the other strains. All of these unique characteristics suggest that they are of a special lineage of Chinese Y. pestis. 相似文献
16.
Photorhabdus luminescens toxin complex (Tc) has been characterized as a potent three-component insecticidal protein complex. Homologues of genes encoding P. luminescens Tc components have been identified in several other enterobacteria and in Gram-positive bacteria, showing these genes are widespread in bacteria. In particular, tc gene homologues have been identified in Yersinia enterocolitica, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia pestis and may have a role in Y. pestis evolution. Y. enterocolitica tc genes have been shown to be active against Manduca sexta larvae. Here, we demonstrate that expression optimization is essential to obtain bioactive P. luminescens Tc proteins and demonstrate that TcaAB and TcdB + TccC are stand-alone toxins against a M. sexta insect model. Moreover, we report that Y. pseudotuberculosis IP32953 Tc proteins are also toxic to M. sexta larvae but do not cross-potentiate as P. luminescens Tc components. 相似文献
17.
O N Podladchikova B N Mishan'kin G G Dikhanov 《Molekuliarnaia genetika, mikrobiologiia i virusologiia》1992,(9-10):21-26
In order to construct a DNA probe for the plague pathogen detection, we have obtained the recombinant plasmid pRD100 carrying an EcoRI-flanked 140 bp fragment from the genetically silent region of Yersinia pestis species-specific plasmid pYP1. When used as a DNA probe for hybridization of DNA from various strains of 25 bacterial species, this DNA fragment was shown to have the complementary sequences in all investigated Yersinia pestis strains (200), including the plasmid pYP1 lacking ones, and in all the studied Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype I strains (80). The search for the probe target in these species has led us to conclusion that it is a specific repeated DNA sequence present in more copies in Yersinia pestis than in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype I. The hybridization of these sequences with the radioactive probe and 24 hours autography makes possible the detection of 1.3 x 10(5) cells of Yersinia pestis and 3 x 10(6) cells of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype I immobilized on the nitrocellulose membranes. Use of the probe for analysis of the nitrocellulose membrane fixed spleen smears from animals that died of experimental plague made possible the detection of Yersinia pestis cells within 48 h. 相似文献
18.
Kukleva LM Protsenko OA Kutyrev VV 《Molekuliarnaia genetika, mikrobiologiia i virusologiia》2002,(1):3-7
The authors present published data and their own findings on the relationship between Yersinia pestis and Y. pseudotuberculosis and on the origination of Y. pestis from Y. pseudotuberculosis. Study of microbiological and biochemical characteristics, external membrane protein spectra, and stability of chromosomal region of pigmentation brought the authors to a hypothesis that Y. pestis minor subspecies (ssp. caucasica, altaica, hissarica, ulegeica) which are characterized by selective virulence occupy an intermediate position between Y. pseudotuberculosis and basic species of Y. pestis. 相似文献
19.
Eppinger M Rosovitz MJ Fricke WF Rasko DA Kokorina G Fayolle C Lindler LE Carniel E Ravel J 《PLoS genetics》2007,3(8):e142
The first reported Far East scarlet-like fever (FESLF) epidemic swept the Pacific coastal region of Russia in the late 1950s. Symptoms of the severe infection included erythematous skin rash and desquamation, exanthema, hyperhemic tongue, and a toxic shock syndrome. The term FESLF was coined for the infection because it shares clinical presentations with scarlet fever caused by group A streptococci. The causative agent was later identified as Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, although the range of morbidities was vastly different from classical pseudotuberculosis symptoms. To understand the origin and emergence of the peculiar clinical features of FESLF, we have sequenced the genome of the FESLF-causing strain Y. pseudotuberculosis IP31758 and compared it with that of another Y. pseudotuberculosis strain, IP32953, which causes classical gastrointestinal symptoms. The unique gene pool of Y pseudotuberculosis IP31758 accounts for more than 260 strain-specific genes and introduces individual physiological capabilities and virulence determinants, with a significant proportion horizontally acquired that likely originated from Enterobacteriaceae and other soil-dwelling bacteria that persist in the same ecological niche. The mobile genome pool includes two novel plasmids phylogenetically unrelated to all currently reported Yersinia plasmids. An icm/dot type IVB secretion system, shared only with the intracellular persisting pathogens of the order Legionellales, was found on the larger plasmid and could contribute to scarlatinoid fever symptoms in patients due to the introduction of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive capabilities. We determined the common and unique traits resulting from genome evolution and speciation within the genus Yersinia and drew a more accurate species border between Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis. In contrast to the lack of genetic diversity observed in the evolutionary young descending Y. pestis lineage, the population genetics of Y. pseudotuberculosis is more heterogenous. Both Y. pseudotuberculosis strains IP31758 and the previously sequenced Y. pseudotuberculosis strain IP32953 have evolved by the acquisition of specific plasmids and by the horizontal acquisition and incorporation of different genetic information into the chromosome, which all together or independently seems to potentially impact the phenotypic adaptation of these two strains. 相似文献
20.
One of the most virulent and feared bacterial pathogens is Yersinia pestis, the aetiologic agent of bubonic plague. Characterization of the O-antigen gene clusters of 21 serotypes of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and the cryptic O-antigen gene cluster of Y. pestis showed that the plague bacillus is most closely related to and has evolved from Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype O:1b. The nucleotide sequences of both gene clusters (about 20.5 kb each) were determined and compared to identify the differences that caused the silencing of the Y. pestis gene cluster. At the nucleotide sequence level, the loci were 98.9% identical and, of the 17 biosynthetic genes identified from the O:1b gene cluster, five were inactivated in the Y. pestis cluster, four by insertions or deletions of one nucleotide and one by a deletion of 62 nucleotides. Apparently, the expression of the O-antigen is not beneficial for the virulence or to the lifestyle of Y. pestis and, therefore, as one step in the evolution of Y. pestis, the O-antigen gene cluster was inactivated. 相似文献