低强度激光生物效应机理研究

结合低强度激光生物效应研究的现状,对低强度激光生物效应机理研究的各种观点进行了归纳分析,提出了对低强度激光生物效应机理研究的一些初步思考,把低强度激光生物效应的一般过程归纳为：激光（辐射)→初始光受体→信号传导与放大→生物效应。并指出探讨低强度激光生物效应机理,应着重于寻找并研究初始光受体与激光的相互作用,以及随后的信号传导与放大过程。     

Catecholamine content and acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain of rats exposed to lasers

The catecholamine content was quantitated and acetylcholinesterase activity determined in rat brain locally exposed to laser radiation. It was shown that the adrenaline/noradrenaline ratio changed in the tissues under study and the cholinergic system was involved in the abscopal effect of laser radiation.     

Methods for improving characteristics of laser source of ions

In this work we discuss three methods to improve characteristics of laser source of ions, namely: (i) effect of the angle of interaction of laser radiation with targets on the plasma ions characteristics, (ii) the effect of target composition on the plasma ions, and (iii) influence of the repetition rate of laser pulses on plasma parameters. Our study will be based on the analysis of mass-charge spectrum of laser-produced plasma ions for different intensity of laser radiation.     

A comparative study of the effects of laser and light-emitting diode radiation on superoxide dismutase activity and nitric oxide production in rat wound fluid

The effect of laser and light-emitting diode radiation in the visible region of the spectrum on the content of reactive nitrogen species and superoxide dismutase activity in rat wound fluid was studied. The efficiency of action of coherent laser radiation and incoherent light-emitting diode radiation in the red region of the spectrum on the parameters analyzed was compared. The study was performed using the model of cut aseptic wounds proposed by L.I. Slutskii. A He-Ne laser (632 nm) or an U-332B light-emitting diode (630 nm) was used as the source of radiation. It was shown that (1) exposure of wounds to visible light of both laser and light-emitting diode causes dose-dependent changes in superoxide dismutase activity and nitrite production and that (2) radiation coherence does not play a significant role in the changes in superoxide dismutase activity or nitric oxide production by wound fluid phagocytes.     

Effect of helium-neon laser radiation on the radiosensitivity of Escherichia coli K-12 cells

A study was made of the combined effect of laser radiation (helium-neon laser, lambda = 633 nm) and X-rays on bacteria of different genotypes. The sensitivity of cells to X-rays was decreased by pre- and post-irradiation with laser. In the latter case, the radio-modifying effect of laser was more pronounced.     

Specificity of the lethal and mutagenic actions of pico-second laser pulses of 532-nm wavelength

A study was made of the lethal effect of pulse laser (second harmonic Nd+3:YAG laser of 532 nm, pulse length 3.3.10(-11) s, peak intensity from 4.10(12) to 1.10(14) W/m2) on HeLa cells at the phases of active and stationary growth, and lethal and mutagenic effects of this radiation on E. coli cells. As was shown, HeLa cells at both growth phases and E. coli cells exhibited low sensitivity to laser radiation at lambda = 532 nm.     

A comparison of the effects of laser and light-emitting diodes on superoxide dismutase activity and nitric oxide production in rat wound fluid

The action of laser and light-emitting diode radiation in the visible region on the content of reactive nitrogen species and activity of superoxide dismutase in rat wound fluid was studied, and efficiency of action of coherent laser and incoherent light emitting diode radiations in the red region of the spectrum on the parameters under study was compared. A model of incised aseptic wounds in rats proposed by L.I. Slutskiy was used. A He-Ne laser (632 nm) and a Y-332B light emitting diode served as radiation sources. It was shown that (1) exposure of wounds to the visible light of both laser and light-emitting diodes causes dose-dependent changes in superoxide dismutase activity and production of nitrites and (2) the radiation coherence does not play any significant role in the changes of superoxide dismutase activity or nitrogen oxide formation by wound fluid phagocytes.     

Two-step exposure of biological objects to infrared laser and microwave radiation]

The effect of two-step exposure of bacterial objects to infrared laser and microwave pulse radiations was studied. The effect is determined by the time interval between two excitation steps and pulse duration. It was shown that the biologically active dose of microwave radiation is much lower than that of infrared laser radiation; however, laser radiation induces a stronger cellular response. It was found that microwaves enhance the efficiency of infrared laser radiation.     

The effect of low power laser radiation of blue,green, and red ranges on free radical processes in blood of rats with experimental endotoxic shock

This study was performed to investigate the effects of low power laser radiation in blue (441.2 nm), green (532.5 nm) and red (632.8 nm) wavelength ranges on free radical processes in experimental endotoxic shock in rats. The experimental model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide B (25 mg/kg) (LPS). Functional activity of blood leukocytes was evaluated by the method of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence, plasma superoxide dismutase activity was determined by the nitro blue tetrazolium assay, intensity of lipid peroxidation in erythrocyte membranes was estimated by cis-parinaric acid fluorescence. It was found that the low power laser radiation significantly influenced all investigated processes, in LPS-treated and control animals. The most pronounced effects were observed in all groups of LPS-treated animals, in which the laser radiation increased all investigated parameters. At the radiation dose 0.75 J/cm² green laser was the most effective, while at the dose of 1.5 J/cm² both green and red lasers produced potent effects. Possible mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed.     

Plasmonic Nanoparticle Aggregates in High-Intensity Laser Fields: Effect of Pulse Duration

We use an optodynamic model to study the interaction of pulsed laser radiation of different duration with mono- and polydisperse dimers and trimers of plasmonic nanoparticles as resonant domains of colloid Ag multiparticle aggregates. A comparative analysis of the influence of pulse duration on the kinetic characteristics of domains accompanied by the change in their local structure was carried out taking into account the intensity of incident radiation. The obtained results explain the reasons for laser photochromic reactions in materials containing colloidal aggregates of plasmonic nanoparticles.     

激光对DNA作用机理的AFM研究

激光作用质粒DNA和小牛胸腺DNA产生损伤效应,导致DNA结构变化,利用一种改进的试样制备过程和纳米显微镜－－原子力显微镜（AFM）能够获得可重现的激光作用质粒DNA和小牛胸腺DNA的AFM图像,显示它们的特殊的表达结构,讨论了激光辐照导致DNA链断裂的作用机理。     

激光预处理可保护蚕豆细胞免受UV—B辐射的损伤

当蚕豆的胚被 He- Ne激光 (632 .8nm,1 .63J· mm- 2 )照射 5min或被 CO2 激光 (1 0 60nm,2 .53J· mm- 2 )照射 1 min后 ,将其置入 Knop营养液中进行恒温培养。当蚕豆的上胚轴长到大约 3cm时 ,在光背景 (PAR)为 70μmol· m- 2 · s- 1条件下 ,分别用 1 .0 2、3.0 3、4.52 k J· m- 2 的 UV- B辐射蚕豆的上胚轴 7h。根据蚕豆丙二醛 (MDA)、抗坏血酸 (As A)和 UV- B吸收物的含量变化 ,来测试激光对 UV- B照射蚕豆的上胚轴的保护作用。结果显示 :激光预处理可保护蚕豆上胚轴对 UV- B辐射的作用。与对照组 (没有用 UV- B或激光照射 )、UV- B单独照射组比较 ,在激光预处理的条件下 ,MDA的含量明显减少 ,As A和 UV- B吸收化合物的含量增加。如先用激光处理 ,然后再用 UV- B辐射 ,UV- B吸收物的含量将比单独用激光和 UV-B处理获得更好的改善。从而认为 ,激光预处理能增强植物对 UV- B的抵抗力。     

A comparative study of thermal effects of 3 types of laser in eye: 3D simulation with bioheat equation

The application of laser in ophthalmology and eye surgery is so widespread that hardly can anyone deny its importance. On the other hand, since the human eye is an organ susceptible to external factors such as heat waves, laser radiation rapidly increases the temperature of the eye and therefore the study of temperature distribution inside the eye under laser irradiation is crucial; but the use of experimental and invasive methods for measuring the temperature inside the eye is typically high-risk and hazardous. In this paper, using the three-dimensional finite element method, the distribution of heat transfer inside the eye under transient condition was studied through three different lasers named Nd:Yag, Nd:Yap and ArF. Considering the metabolic heat and blood perfusion rate in various regions of the eye, numerical solution of space–time dependant Pennes bioheat transfer equation has been applied in this study. Lambert–Beer's law has been used to model the absorption of laser energy inside the eye tissues. It should also be mentioned that the effect of the ambient temperature, tear evaporation rate, laser power and the pupil diameter on the temperature distribution have been studied. Also, temperature distribution inside the eye after applying each laser and temperature variations of six optional regions as functions of time have been investigated. The results show that these radiations cause temperature rise in various regions, which will in turn causes serious damages to the eye tissues. Investigating the temperature distribution inside the eye under the laser irradiation can be a useful tool to study and predict the thermal effects of laser radiation on the human eye and evaluate the risk involved in performing laser surgery.     

Calculation of thermal fluxes of plasma torch reradiation under the action of laser radiation on a condensed target

The problem of laser deposition with allowance for thermal radiation transport inside and outside the laser torch is considered in a multigroup approximation. The energy fluxes of laser torch thermal radiation onto a target in the far and near zones are calculated as functions of time and the character of the exposure. It is shown that absorption of thermal fluxes in the substrate and target in the course of laser deposition results in their substantial heating. The possibility of diagnosing thermal radiation fluxes from the laser torch by using photodetectors is demonstrated.     

Molecular level damages of low power pulsed laser radiation in a marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora

AIM: To study the molecular level damages in a marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora, exposed to low power pulsed laser radiation from an Nd:YAG laser. METHODS AND RESULTS: The laser damages in bacterial DNA were monitored by studying the formation of apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites. Molecular probe kits were used for this purpose. Occurrence of lesions in the cell walls was monitored under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that laser radiation significantly increased the number of AP sites in the bacterial DNA. This increase corresponded to the laser fluence (J cm(-2)) and to the duration of laser irradiation. TEM observation showed the occurrence of lesions in bacterial cell walls upon laser irradiation. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that bacteria exposed to laser irradiation suffers DNA damages and resulted in broken cell walls. These events led to bacterial mortality. These are in addition to the mechanisms reported earlier such as the photochemical reactions occurring inside the cells upon exposure to low power laser. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These results help us to understand the mechanisms of bacterial mortality on exposure to low power pulsed laser irradiation and are useful in formulating a laser treatment strategy to kill bacteria.     

Effect of laser radiation and combined ionizing and laser radiation on the cell-division time of bacteria

Irradiation of E. coli K-12 cells of the wild-type AB 1157 strain with helium-neon continuous laser radiation leads to a temporary delay in their division. The delay was found to be the same in cells exposed to ionizing radiation alone and in cells exposed to a combination of ionizing and laser radiation.     

Permissible level of laser radiation of wavelength 10.6 microns

In a four-month experiment with 102 male rabbits and 42 HRS/U mice and 30 days after termination thereof, study was made of local and general response of an organism to the effect of laser radiation (10.6 microns wave length and energy exposition 1/7 of the threshold). The radiation tolerance level was estimated.     

The action of helium-neon laser radiation on the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The growth properties of M. tuberculosis subjected to the action of helium-neon laser radiation was studied. Laser radiation was shown to change the quantitative and qualitative composition of mycobacterial population. Disturbances in the viability of mycobacteria appear as a consequence of changes in the morphological structure of mycobacterial cells. The maximum effect of helium-neon laser radiation was achieved after the irradiation of M. tuberculosis culture on days 2-3 after inoculation. These results made it possible to suggest that the effect of helium-neon laser radiation was most pronounced in cells at the stage of mitosis (the logarithmic stage of growth) with the highest degree of metabolism.     

He-Ne激光和增强UV-B辐射对拟南芥叶片微管蛋白的影响

采用He-Ne激光生物辐照仪（632.8 nm,5 mW·mm-2）、UV-B（15.55 KJ·m-2·d-1）及二者复合处理拟南芥幼苗后提取微管蛋白,考马斯亮蓝法测含量和SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳进行初步分析,并用免疫印迹鉴定微管蛋白.结果表明：单独UV-B使微管蛋白解聚,He-Ne激光和UV-B复合处理后,微管蛋白解聚程度减小,单独He-Ne激光处理促进微管聚合.因此认为He-Ne激光在一定程度上缓解了UV-B对微管蛋白的解聚作用.     

低强度激光鼻腔照射对血脂异常作用的研究

目的：观察低强度激光（650nm／5mw）鼻腔照射疗法对血脂异常的作用。方法：30例原发性血脂异常患者随机分为两组,分别接受药物（舒降之）治疗和低强度激光鼻腔照射疗法,测定治疗前后的血脂水平。结果：在调整饮食的基础上,低强度激光经鼻腔照射使病人的血清总胆固醇水平降低了5．8％（P=0．031）,甘油三酯降低了8．8％;低强度激光鼻腔照射在有效调整血脂的同时,使谷丙转氨酶（J唧）水平下降了23．1％（P=0．022）,对肝功能具有保护作用。结论：与舒降之相比,低强度激光鼻腔照射疗法的调脂效果虽然相对较弱,但基于安全性的考虑,在饮食控制无效或肝功能异常的病人中使用低强度激光鼻腔照射仍然具有一定的应用价值。