东当归对四氯化碳及乙醇性肝损伤的保护作用

研究东当归水提取物对四氯化碳及乙醇所致小鼠SGPT和SGOT活性升高的影响。在四氯化碳及乙醇所致小鼠急性肝损伤的血清中检测SGPT和SGOT值。结果表明,37．5％、75．0％和150．0％东当归水提物在体内显著抑制四氯化碳及乙醇所致小鼠SGPT值和／或SGOT值升高。东当归水提取物对小鼠四氯化碳及乙醇性肝损伤具有保护作用。     

血竭超临界提取物的降血糖作用及其机制研究

为了研究血竭超临界提取物的降血糖作用及其机制,用正常小鼠和四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型,以血糖、糖耐量为指标研究血竭超临界提取物的降糖作用。通过测定体外α-葡萄糖苷酶的活力,观察血竭超临界提取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。结果发现血竭超临界提取物对正常小鼠空腹血糖无明显降低作用,能改善小鼠对蔗糖的耐受力,能降低四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠的空腹血糖水平,能抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性。表明血竭超临界提取物对糖尿病小鼠有较好的降糖作用,对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用可能是其降血糖的机制之一。     

霞水母提取物抗凝血作用的初步研究

本文研究了霞水母提取物对小鼠抗凝血作用的影响。采用断尾法和毛细玻管法分别测定霞水母提取物对小鼠体内出血时间和凝血时间的影响;采用试管法测定霞水母提取物对小鼠体外凝血时间的影响,通过试剂盒测定小鼠活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)。结果显示,霞水母提取物能不同程度地延长小鼠体内凝血时间、出血时间和体外凝血时间,且能显著提高小鼠的APTT和PT。从而表明,霞水母提取物具有抗凝血作用。     

植物提取物和药剂对蔬菜蚜虫种群的联合控制作用

研究白蝴蝶(Syngonium podophyllum)乙醇提取物、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)乙醇提取物、机油乳剂和0.3%印楝素乳油对桃蚜(Myzus persicae)和萝卜蚜(Lipaphis erysimi)的控制效果.室内四因子(1/2实施)二次正交回归旋转组合设计测试对有翅蚜的忌避作用,结果表明,对有翅桃蚜的主要忌避作用物为苍耳乙醇提取物,当苍耳提取物与白蝴蝶乙醇提取物混用,以及机油乳剂和印楝素混用时,对桃蚜有翅蚜的忌避效果提高;而对萝卜蚜有翅蚜的忌避作用主要受苍耳提取物和白蝴蝶提取物的影响.这些干扰作用均是非线性的.田间试验结果,单独使用白蝴蝶提取物对有翅成蚜有较强的驱避作用;对萝卜蚜自然种群的干扰控制作用以4种植物提取物和药剂混配效果最好,达95.7%;对桃蚜自然种群干扰控制效果最好的则是白蝴蝶提取物,控制效果达87%;同时,白蝴蝶提取物与印楝素乳油混配以及苍耳提取物与印楝素乳油混配,对两种蚜虫的控制效果均达80%以上.     

萝卜对土生空团菌菌丝生长的影响

纯培养条件下, 测定了十字花科植物萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)种子、幼苗、根系分泌物及幼苗提取物对土生空团菌(Cenococcum geophilum Fr. (Cg))菌株CgSO1、CgSB2、CgO5、SPOP2 和Cg5#菌株生长的影响。结果表明供试Cg菌株与萝卜种子共培养, 或将萝卜根系分泌物和幼苗提取物加入到培养基中, 均促进了Cg菌丝生长。高温灭菌处理使萝卜根系分泌物和幼苗提取物对Cg菌株的促生作用更强, 而高温灭菌后的萝卜幼苗段对菌株生长影响不大。其中经高温灭菌处理的幼苗水提取物对5菌株的促生作用最大, CgSO1、CgSB2、CgO5、SPOP2和Cg5#每菌落的菌丝干重分别达到: 54.8、45.8、63.9、41.2和50.5 mg。     

罗仙子提取物对肝癌的体内外抑制作用研究

本文观察中药罗仙子提取物在离体细胞水平以及整体动物模型中对肝癌的治疗作用。在罗仙子提取物干预人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞24 h后,采用MTT法检测细胞活率;采用光学显微镜、荧光显微镜、透射电镜观察细胞形态学改变,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率;以Heps肝癌小鼠模型观察罗仙子提取物体内对肿瘤生长的抑制作用。研究发现不同浓度罗仙子提取物可抑制SMMC-7721细胞增殖同时诱导典型的细胞凋亡形态学变化,与对照组相比细胞凋亡率显著升高,且具有浓度依赖性;不同浓度罗仙子提取物可显著抑制Heps肝癌小鼠体内肿瘤生长。实验证明罗仙子提取物可显著抑制Heps肝癌小鼠体内肿瘤生长,该作用可能与罗仙子提取物抑制肝癌细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡有关。     

金花茶提取物对MMTV-PyMT转基因小鼠自发乳腺癌的预防作用研究

目的:考察金花茶二氯甲烷乙酸乙酯提取物对MMTV-Py MT转基因小鼠乳腺癌发生的实验预防作用。方法:MTT法检测金花茶二氯甲烷乙酸乙酯提取物对人乳腺癌细胞SKBR-3的体外增殖抑制作用;采用MMTV-Py MT转基因自发乳腺癌小鼠模型观察金花茶二氯甲烷乙酸乙酯提取物对小鼠体内肿瘤发生的预防作用。结果:金花茶二氯甲烷乙酸乙酯提取物对人乳腺癌细胞SKBR-3有显著地体外增殖抑制作用,其IC50为419.0±12.87μg/m L;转基因小鼠动物模型中,金花茶二氯甲烷乙酸乙酯提取物对小鼠肿瘤的发生和发展均有显著地抑制作用;模型组小鼠肿瘤平均发生数量为5.25个/只,给药组为3.75个/只;模型组组小鼠平均瘤重为0.47 g/只,给药组0.24 g/只。结论:金花茶二氯甲烷乙酸乙酯提取物对MMTV-Py MT转基因小鼠乳腺癌的发生有一定的预防作用。     

银合欢叶提取物降血糖作用的实验研究

采用四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠模型及肾上腺素和葡萄糖引起的高血糖小鼠模型,观察银合欢叶提取物对实验动物的降血糖效果。银合欢叶提取物对四氧嘧啶所致糖尿病小鼠有明显的治疗效果,对肾上腺素和葡萄糖引起的高血糖模型小鼠有明显的降血糖作用,但对正常小鼠血糖无明显影响。     

清温解毒汤提取物体内抗病毒活性研究

目的:研究清温解毒汤提取物体内对流感病毒的防治作用,阐明该提取物体内抗病毒的作用机制。方法:选用NIH小鼠,于乙醚浅麻醉下经鼻滴入流感病毒,观察清温解毒汤提取物对感染病毒小鼠的保护作用,以及对小鼠肺指数的影响。结果:对感染病毒小鼠的保护作用实验显示,清温解毒汤提取物低、中、高剂量组的小鼠死亡率均较病毒对照组减少;清温解毒颗粒中、高剂量组能明显提高小鼠的平均存活天数(P<0.05)及延长动物的生命率;对小鼠的肺指数的影响实验则显示清温解毒汤提取物组动物的低、中、高剂量组动物肺指数与病毒对照组比较,虽无显著性差异(P>0.05),但存在明显的剂量依赖关系。结论:清温解毒汤提取物具有一定的抗流感病毒作用,其机制可能与其能够延长小鼠存活时间及抑制肺肿胀有关。     

骆驼刺提取物体内外抗肿瘤作用及机制初探

为了探讨骆驼刺提取物在体内外对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用,应用MTT法考察骆驼刺提取物在体外对人胃癌BGC-823、人食道癌Eca-109、人结肠癌HT-29和人肝癌Hep G2细胞株的抑制作用。为明确其体内抗肿瘤疗效,建立CT26结肠癌小鼠模型,通过比较各组小鼠的肿瘤增殖率、生长曲线和抑瘤率等指标考察体内抑瘤效果。结果表明骆驼刺提取物对Hep G2和HT-29的IC50值小于1.5 mg/m L,在体内的抗肿瘤药效实验中仅高剂量组表现出明显的抗肿瘤活性。证明骆驼刺提取物对Hep G2和HT-29表现出明显的体外抑瘤作用,对CT26结肠癌实体瘤模型有一定敏感性。     

几种萝卜提取物在组织培养细胞中的抗病毒感染活性

我们曾报道,白萝卜提取物是一种干扰素诱生剂,对致死性病毒感染动物有很显著的保护作用。 本实验在组织培养单层细胞上测试了十字花科萝卜属几种萝卜栽培变种,包括“心里美”、“卫青”、“象牙白”(白萝卜)和伞形科胡萝卜提取物的抗病毒感染活性。 萝卜提取物的制备和定量方法,按文献进行。萝卜提取物在组织培养单层细胞上抑     

铁棍山药多糖对四氯化碳诱导的急性小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

为了研究铁棍山药(D.oppositacv.Tiegun)多糖对四氯化碳诱导的小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用,取72只昆明小鼠随机分为对照组,四氯化碳(CCl4)模型组,阳性对照(联苯双酯)组,铁棍山药多糖低、中、高剂量组,每组12只,灌胃处理后使用CCl4制备急性肝损伤小鼠模型,观察各组形态学变化,同时测定生化指标。实验结果显示,经铁棍山药多糖处理的小鼠的肝损伤程度明显轻于模型组,铁棍山药多糖能降低小鼠血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,降低丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。本研究结果表明,铁棍山药多糖对CCl4所诱导的小鼠肝损伤起到一定的保护作用。     

Enhancement of mouse pancreatic regeneration and HIT-T15 cell proliferation with rat pancreatic extract

In this study, the effects of rat pancreatic extract (RPE) on regeneration of impaired mouse pancreas and proliferation of beta-cell line (HIT-T15) were investigated. RPE from the regenerating pancreas (2 days after 60% pancreatectomy) was treated to cure streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes in BALB/c mice. RPE-treated BALB/c mice for 21 consecutive days became euglycemic by day 30 and remained normoglycemic during a 150 day follow-up. Saline treated mice remained hyperglycemic sustained uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Islet neogenesis was observed in RPE-treated mice and confirmed by use of immunocytochemistry. Morphometric analysis of pancreas in reverted RPE-treated mice showed a new population of small islets compared with saline controls and an increased islet number. When HIT-T15 cells were treated with RPE, HIT-T15 cell proliferation and insulin secretion increased with increases in the RPE concentration. These results imply that RPE have the regeneration factors and help in the cure of diabetes.     

木薯良种──“南植188”的栽培研究

本文报道木薯良种──“南植１８８”的栽培研究结果,为推广“南植１８８”品种提供有效的栽培技术措施。     

Deoxycholate-treated, nontoxic, whole-cell vaccine protective against experimental salmonellosis of mice

A vaccine prepared from the residue after extraction of whole cells of Salmonella typhimurium with 2% sodium deoxycholate proved to be nontoxic and highly immunogenic. The material was not lethal for mice at 6.0 mg and was essentially nontoxic in rabbit skin, whereas endotoxic activity was found in the dialyzed extract. A high dosage, above 2.0 mg, was less protective than lower doses, indicating a degree of "immunologic paralysis." Three inoculations of low doses, 0.25 mg each, induced protection against death and tissue infection in animals challenged with 2,000 ld(50) of virulent homologous S. typhimurium and against death, but not against tissue infection, after heterologous challenge with S. enteritidis. Residues of purified cell walls were as effective as residues of whole cells, indicating that the immunizing antigen(s) resided in the cell wall.     

Fusicoccin structure-activity relationships: Stimulation of growth by cell enlargement and promotion of seed germination

The activity of a number of fusicoccin derivatives and analogues has been assayed on growth by cell enlargement and on proton extrusion in pea ( Pisum sativum L, cv. Alaska) internode segments, on growth by cell enlargement in isolated squash ( Cucurbita maxima Dechesne in Lam. variety Mantovana) cotyledons, and on germination of light-requiring lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L. cv. Grand Rapids) and of abscisic acid-inhibited radish ( Raphanus sativus L. variety Tondo Rosso Quarantino) seeds. A similar pattern of activity in the different tests was found for most fusicoccin derivatives and analogues. As with fusicoccin, the activity of its derivatives and analogues on growth of pea internodes is paralleled by the activity on the capability of the tissue to acidify the incubation medium.
The obtained data are in full agreement with the view that the activity of fusicoccin on different physiological processes depends on its primary activation of a single system, involved in proton extrusion.     

白萝卜提取物诱生干扰素的有效成份

本实验用CF-11纤维素柱层析,从白萝卜提取物中分离纯化到一种双链RNA,简称E.R.s.r-dsRNA(全称见正文)。实验证明,E.R.s.r-dsRNA在家兔体内可诱生高水平的干扰素;纳克(ng)水平即可在体外细胞培养中抑制病毒感染。E.R.s.r-dsRNA分子量略小于1.34×10~6道尔顿,它对RNase的耐受性比Poly Ⅰ:PolyC强。推测E.R.s.r-dsRNA可能有较好的应用前景。     

Generation of a membrane potential by electron transport in plasmalemma-enriched vesicles of cotton and radish

Plasmalemma-enriched vesicles were isolated from cotton roots (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv Acala San Jose 2) and from germinating radish seeds (Raphanus sativa L. cv Tondo Rosso Quarantino). When 100 millimolar ascorbate was added to the grinding medium, the addition of ferricyanide to either preparation led to an inside positive membrane potential as measured by the accumulation of thiocyanate. It is suggested that electrons from ascorbate were being transported electrogenically across the membrane to ferricyanide, resulting in an accumulation of protons within the vesicle. The redox activity of the vesicles has some similarities to that occurring in intact cells, thus providing a simpler system to study the components and effects of transmembrane electron transport.     

Structural Changes in Radish Seedlings Exposed to Cadmium

Radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Redondo Vermelho) seedlings were analysed by light and scanning electron microscopy to characterize the structural changes caused by the exposure to 0.5 or 1.0 mM cadmium chloride for 24, 48 and 72 h. The analyses showed changes in the anatomical and morphological characteristics of roots, stems and leaves of two-week-old seedlings. In all tissues, pressure potential was decreased. Premature death with the disintegration of the epidermis and an increase in the number of root hairs was observed in roots exposed to Cd. The stem of seedlings exposed to Cd exhibited more cells layers in the cambial region. The main effects observed in leaves in response to Cd were stomatal closure, lack of cell wall thickening and alterations in the shape of the chloroplasts. It is suggested that the structural changes observed in seedlings treated with Cd were mainly caused by a Cd-induced decrease in water uptake.     

Effect of rIFN-gamma and IL-2 treatments in mouse and nude rat infections with Toxoplasma gondii.

Mice and nude rats lethally infected with T. gondii and treated with recombinant rat interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) or recombinant human interleukin-2 (rIL-2) were protected against death, when compared with untreated infected controls. In mice rIFN-gamma and rIL-2 played an important role in "prophylactic treatment", but not in "curative therapy". The survival rate was 42% in mice treated with 3 doses of 20,000 U of rIFN-gamma at days -2, -1, 0 before challenge and up to 66% in mice treated with 3 doses of 10,000 U of rIFN-gamma at days -2, 0, +2 before and after infection. Whereas the survival rate was 33% in mice that received 3 doses of 500 U rIL-2 at days -2, -1, 0 before infection, or -2, 0, +2 before and after infection respectively, up to 50% of the mice treated with 3 doses of 1,000 U rIL-2 at days -2, -1, 0 survived. In nude rats rIFN-gamma had a slight effect in "prophylactic treatment", whereas rIL-2 was active only in "curative treatment". The survival rate was 25% both in nude rats treated with doses of 400,000 U of rIFN-gamma at days -3, 0 before challenge, or with doses of 5,000 U of rIL-2 at days +2, +6, +9 after infection. These results lead us to hypothesise that the mechanism by which the lymphokine treatment exerts a protective effect on Toxoplasma infected mice is different from that on nu/nu rats. We conclude that these cytokines may play a notable role in modulating the host's immune defence against T. gondii infection.