一串红天然色素及其稳定性研究

以新疆地产一串红（Salvia splendens Ker-Gawl)的花为实验材料,从光、温度、pH值、还原介质、氧化介质、防腐剂、金属离子等影响因子方向对色素的稳定性进行了初步研究。结果表明：该色素属于花青苷类色素;对光、温度等比较稳定;可在偏酸或中性介质中使用;耐还原性和耐氧化性较差;蔗糖、防腐剂以及大多数金属离子对色素的稳定性无不良影响,但Fe^3 、Pb^2＋和Sn^2 对色素的稳定性有一定影响。     

榆叶梅天然色素及其稳定性研究

以新疆地产榆叶梅花为实验材料,对榆叶梅花食用色素提取时间、提取温度、物料配比进行不同组合的对比实验研究;对光、热、pH值、还原介质、氧化介质、蔗糖、防腐剂、维生素和金属离子等对色素的稳定性影响进行了研究。结果表明：榆叶梅花色一本正经不为水溶性色素属黄酮类色素。适用pH值范围较广,尤其酸性状态pH1－5最佳;蔗糖和防腐剂以及金属离子Zn^2 、Mg^2 、Ca^2 、K^ 、Na^2 对色素稳定性无不良影响;耐氧化剂与还原剂性能较差;而Fe^2 、Fe^3 、Cu^2 、Sn^2 、Pb^2 对色素稳定性有一定影响,其颜色相反发生改变。     

蜀葵紫红色素及其理化性质研究

研究了蜀葵（Althaen rosea L.Cavan.）紫红色素的提取纯化工艺、理化性质。实验以蜀葵紫红色花瓣为材料,采用溶剂浸提法、硅胶柱层析法对色素进行提取纯化,效果较好。利用光谱扫描对该色素进行理化性质鉴定时发现：该色素属于花色苷类色素;色素耐光性好;耐氧化性、耐还原性较差;对热有一定的耐受性;防腐剂及多数金属离子对色素的稳定性无不良影响;但Fe^3＋、Fe^2＋、Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋、Sn^2＋对色素具有不利影响。     

三叶海棠色素提取工艺及其性质研究

研究了三叶以素的提取工艺及其化学性质，提出了ＮａＯＨ－热水浸提法，测得其在酒精及ＮａＯＨ溶液中的最大上波峰为３８２ｎｍ，查明该色素具有较强的耐酸性，耐生、耐还原性、耐热性、抗氧化性，发曹春在权性条件下耐光性能极佳。     

万寿菊食用色素及其稳定性研究

以万寿菊花序为实验材料,从光,热,pH值,还原介质,氧化介质,蔗糖,防腐剂,金属离子等对色素稳定性的影响进行了研究。结果表明：万寿菊色素的耐光,耐热,耐还原性较差;对氧化剂有一定耐受性,适用pH值范围广;蔗糖以及金属离子Na^ ,K^ 对色度基本上无影响,而Fe^2 ,Sn^2 ,Zn^2 对色素溶液颜色的稳定性只有微弱影响;而Fe^3 ,Cu^2 ,Ca^2 的加入则改变了色素溶液的颜色,对色度有一定的影响。     

小檗色素的提取及其理化性质研究

研究了不同溶剂对小檗色素的提取效果,以及不同pH、不同金属离子、氧化剂和还原剂对该色素稳定性的影响。结果表明,小檗色素在40％的乙醇溶液及水中的溶解效果最好;在酸性条件下色素较稳定;铁离子对其有增色作用;氧化剂、还原剂对色素稳定性均有影响,其中以还原剂影响较大。通过对小檗色素理化性质的研究,表明该色素在化妆品、食品、染料、饮料等工业领域有很大的应用前景。     

玫瑰花红色素及其稳定性研究

以玫瑰花色素作为新型天然食用色素的可行性进行了初步研究。对光、温度、ｐＨ值、氧化介质、还原介质、蔗糖、咸味（ＮａＣｌ）、铝制品（ＦｅＣｌ３）、铜制品（ＣｕＣｌ２）、锡制品（ＳｎＣｌ２）等对色素的稳定性影响,进行了初步探讨。结果表明,该色素对光、热耐受性好;适用ｐＨ值范围宽;耐氧化性较差,耐还原性较好;Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ｓｎ＾２＋对其吸光值有明显影响,Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、食盐和蔗糖则影响甚微。     

天然植物食用色素的研究概况

天然植物食用色素的研究概况陈业高（云南省昆明医学院预防医学系,６５００３１）食用色素是食品的重要成分,近年来随着医学毒理学和生物学试验研究工作的不断深人,许多在食品工业中大量使用的合成色素被认为对人体有害,有的甚至致癌,因而世界各国开始禁用一些合成色...     

番茄皮渣色素及其稳定性研究

对番茄皮红素的提取及其稳定性进行了初步研究。结果表明,该色素具有较好的耐热性,耐氧化性,耐还原性;Fe^3 和Cu^2 对色素的吸光值有较大影响;进行酸碱处理时,其耐酸性较差;日光和紫外光可导致其稳定性下降。     

Formation of membrane-bound inclusions and their associations with cytoplasmic channels in early prophase male meiocytes of Althaea rosea (L.) Cavan

To characterize the cytoplasmic structure reorganization during plant meiosis, the male meiocytes of Althaea rosea (L.) Cavan were examined under the combination of light and electron microscopy. Light microscopic observation of the toluidine blue-stained thick resin sections of young anthers revealed that the meiocytes of sporogenous cell stage were extremely voluminous and variable in shape and division plane. The cell walls (CWs) between some meiocytes were discontinuous at one or several site(s). These discontinuous portions varied between 0.2 and 3.0 microm in length. In addition, it was found that some meiocytes were able to produce protuberances that extended into another meiocyte. When transversally sectioned, the protuberance extending to another cell looked like a small cell lying in another cell. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that there were many long flat ER cisternae that were actively wrapping around a portion of cytoplasm in the male meiocytes at the sporogenous cell stage. During pre-meiosis interphase and early prophase I, a number of huge (0.5-1.0 microm diameter) spherical membrane-bound inclusions (MBIs) lined by single or double layer(s) of membrane were formed, each membrane actually representing one tightly appressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisterna. The MBIs contained many granular, lamellar and fibrillar structures, and even small MBIs. Moreover, it was found that the MBIs could associate with the cytoplasmic channels (CCs) on CWs to release their contents into the cytoplasm of the opposite cell or directly extend from one cell to another through the CC. Taking all the data together, it is suggested that association of the MBIs and other organelles with CCs possibly functions in eliminating the non-identity of cytoplasm of the male meiocytes caused probably by the random asymmetric division observed at sporogenous cell phase, so as to ensure production of a large number of identical functional male gametes required for successful fertilization.     

Effect of EDTA and Tannic Acid on the Removal of Cd,Ni, Pb and Cu from Artificially Contaminated Soil by Althaea rosea Cavan

In this study an ornamental plant of Althaea rosea Cavan was investigated for its potential use in the removal of Cd, Ni, Pb and Cu from an artificially contaminated soil. Effect of two different chelating agents on the removal has also been studied by using EDTA (ethylenediaminetetracetic acid) and TA (tannic acid). Both EDTA and TA have led to higher heavy metal concentration in shoots and leaves compared to control plants. However EDTA is generally known as an effective agent in metal solubilisation of soil, in this study, TA was found more effective to induce metal accumulation in Althaea rosea Cavan under the studied conditions. In addition to this, EDTA is toxic to some species and restraining the growth of the plants. The higher BCF (Bio Concentration Factor) and TF (Translocation Factor) values obtained from stems and leaves by the effects of the chemical enhancers (EDTA and TA) show that Althaea rosea Cavan is a hyper accumulator for the studied metals and may be cultivated to clean the contaminated soils.     

利用大孔吸附树脂提取蜀葵花色素的研究

研究利用大孔树脂吸附和分离蜀葵(Althaearosea(L．)Cavan)花红色素,比较了D-072、D-401、D-301-G、D-101、NKA-9、D-290、D-110七种树脂对该色素的静态吸附情况以及不同极性解吸剂对吸附色素的树脂洗脱的效果,从中选择出吸附和解吸效果最佳的树脂以及较适的解吸剂。结果表明：用D-401大孔吸附树脂作吸附剂,色素吸附率达91％;解吸剂用含0．1％HCl的60％酸化乙醇,色素可被充分洗脱下来,解吸效果较好;树脂通过回收再生后可重复利用。大孔吸附树脂法精制蜀葵花色素工艺相对简单,原料、试剂利用率较高。     

蜀葵种油的脂肪酸组成分析

The seed oil from Althaea rosea (L.) Caven was extracted with Hexane.After saponification and formation,the oil was determined by Capillary GC-MS.16 compounds have been determined and its unsaturation is 72.59%,Among them the content of linoleic acid is 69.24%.     

Seasonal accumulation of ultraviolet-B screening pigments in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Conifer needles are highly effective in screening ultraviolet-B radiation (280–320 nm). This ability is mainly attributed to the presence of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in the epidermal tissue. In two field cabinet experiments with two different clones of Norway spruce we assessed the seasonal accumulation of UV-B screening pigments under near-ambient, and close-to-zero UV-B irradiation. At the beginning of needle development, i.e. in June, kaempferol 3- O -glucoside was the dominant UV-B screening pigment. It was replaced during needle differentiation by the more effective diacylated flavonol glucosides, particulary kaempferol 3- O -(3",6"- O -di- p -coumaroyl)-glucoside, which reached highest concentrations in July. In addition to the soluble pool of diacylated flavonol glucoside derivatives, a cell wall-bound UV-B screen in the epidermal cell walls was formed during needle differentiation, consisting mainly of p -coumaric acid and kaempferol 3- O -glucoside. An effect of UV-B radiation on the accumulation of diacylated flavonol glucosides was only observed in 1996 with clone 2, when the concentrations of kaempferol 3- O -(3",6"- O -di- p -coumaroyl)-glucoside were significantly higher in July and August under field, and near-ambient than under close-to-zero UV-B irradiance. For wall-bound p -coumaric acid and kaempferol 3- O -glucoside UV-B radiation enhanced the concentrations of these compounds by approximately 20% in relation to the concentrations in close-to-zero UV-B-treated plants in both field cabinet experiments.     

木莓果实红色素的理化性质及其稳定性

对木莓（Rubus swinhoei Hance)果实中提取的红色素理化性质进行了探讨,并就光、温度、pH值、氧化还原介质、7种金属离子、葡萄糖、蔗糖和苯甲酸钠等对其稳定性的影响进行了研究。结果表明,木莓鲜果中总花色苷含量高,属水溶性性花色苷类。该色素对热的耐受性较好,但耐氧化还原性和耐Vc较差;7种金属离子中Na^ 、Mg^2 、Al^3 和较高浓度Mn^2 (≥5.0mmol/L）对该色素的稳定性较好,并有不同程度的护色效果,Zn^2 对其稳定性较好,而Fe^3 和Cu^2 对共稳定性有明显的影响或破坏作用;葡萄糖、蔗糖和苯甲酸钠无不良影响。     

The role of pigments in germination and dark-growth of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds

Pigments leached from Sinapis alba L. seeds and extracted from dark-grown seedlings are described and investigated by spectrophotometry and chromatography and their functions examined. Evidence is given that they are quinonoid, and it is suggested that they form part of a complex which absorbs ultraviolet light and utilizes it to produce growth energy at stages before visible light becomes available to the plant, and that this process may be the means by which mutations are introduced into species.     

红龙草红色素稳定性的研究

分析了pH值、温度、光、过氰化氢、亚硫酸钠、Vc、葡萄糖、蔗糖和苯甲酸钠等对红龙草（Altemanthera dentate ‘Ruliginosa’）红色素稳定性的影响。结果表明,红龙草红色素对热的耐受性较强,但耐光照和耐氧化性较差,且还原剂亚硫酸钠对其也有微弱的影响;在不同的pH值条件下,其吸收峰没有改变,最大吸收波长为530nm;Vc和蔗糖对该色素没有破坏作用,并有一定的护色效果;葡萄糖和苯甲酸钠对该色素也无明显影响。