腰椎管狭窄症后路减压术后的护理体会

腰椎管狭窄症是一种骨科常见病,易致腰腿痛及间歇性跛行,严重影响病人的工作、生活与学习。1999～2002年,对19例腰椎管狭窄症病人行腰椎管后路减压术,在彻底减压的基础上,强调脊柱的稳定性,加强围手术期的护理,减少术后并发症。我院19例腰椎管狭窄症手术病人,效果良好,无1例发生并发症,现将护理体会报告如下。     

经皮椎间孔镜下选择性减压治疗老年性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效分析

目的:探讨经皮椎间孔镜下选择性减压治疗老年性腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法:选取我院住院治疗的70例老年性腰椎管狭窄症患者为研究对象,将患者分为传统组30例,观察组40例。对比两组患者的围手术期相关指标、手术切口VAS评分、ODI评分。结果:观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后使用镇痛药物的例数和住院时间均少于传统组,观察组患者术后切口的疼痛程度显著低于传统组(P0.05)。术后观察组患者的ODI评分改善状况显著优于传统组(P0.05)。结论:经皮椎间孔镜下选择性减压治疗老年性腰椎管狭窄症较于传统手术更具优越性,临床疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

CTM的临床应用

我科从1992-2002年,对疑有颈椎病、腰椎间盘突出症、椎管狭窄等38例患者进行非离子碘水脊髓造影CT扫描(CTM),发现38例均为阳性。经手术证实颈椎管狭窄4例,腰椎管狭窄症11例,腰椎间盘突出症8例,现报告如下。临床资料 一般资料:本组38例,男性18例,女性20例;30岁-67岁。行颈段检查9例,腰段检查29例,     

半椎板切除全椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的效果观察

目的：探讨半椎板切除全椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的手术效果。方法：2005年7月．2009年6月手术治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的患者162例,均行半椎板切除全椎管减压结合椎弓根内固定及后外侧植骨融合术。结果：随访6～24个月,平均10．5个月,术后JOA评分由术前的（15．26±5．26）分提高到术后的（21．38±5．16）分（配对t检验P〈0．05）。结论：行半椎板切除全椎管减压结合椎弓根内固定及后外侧植骨融合手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症既可以起到椎管彻底减压的目的,又可以尽可能保留脊柱后柱结构的稳定性及完整性。     

半椎板切除全椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的效果观察

目的:探讨半椎板切除全椎管减压治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的手术效果。方法:2005年7月-2009年6月手术治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的患者162例,均行半椎板切除全椎管减压结合椎弓根内固定及后外侧植骨融合术。结果:随访6～24个月,平均10.5个月,术后JOA评分由术前的(15.26±5.26)分提高到术后的(21.38±5.16)分(配对t检验P<0.05)。结论:行半椎板切除全椎管减压结合椎弓根内固定及后外侧植骨融合手术治疗腰椎管狭窄症既可以起到椎管彻底减压的目的,又可以尽可能保留脊柱后柱结构的稳定性及完整性。     

Coflex植入术与Quadrant通道下TLIF结合经皮Sextant椎弓根螺钉治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的疗效对比

目的:对比棘突间动态稳定装置Coflex系统植入与Quadrant通道结合经皮Sextant椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的短期疗效.方法:抽取兰州军区兰州总医院骨科中心脊柱外科及第四军医大学唐都骨科医院脊柱外科的30例住院治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的患者,随机化分为2组,每组15例,分别行Coflex系统植入和Quadrant通道结合经皮Sextant椎弓根螺钉内固定术,观察比较两组的手术时间、出血量、术后住院时间、术前和术后6个月Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,简称ODI)及视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale/Score,简称VAS).结果:两组术前、术后6个月ODI及VAS评分对比差异有统计学意义,而在手术时间、术中出血量及术后住院天数方面Coflex组优于Quadrant+Sextant组,两组在术后6个月ODI评分方面差异无统计学意义,在术后6个月VAS评分方面Quadrant+Sextant组优于Coflex组,随访期间两组无并发症发生.结论:Coflex植入术及Quadrant通道结合经皮Sextant椎弓根螺钉内固定术均为治疗退行性腰椎管狭窄症的有效手段,但其各有特点,在临床工作中,应当严格掌握手术适应症,选择适当的手术方案,从而在最小的创伤和侵扰的同时获得最佳的疗效.     

经后路椎体间融合术与经椎间孔椎体间融合术治疗老年退行性 腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄的疗效

目的：研究经后路椎体间融合术（PLIF）与经椎间孔椎体间融合术（TLIF）治疗老年退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄症的临 床疗效。方法：选取2011 年12 月到2014 年12 月我院收治的老年退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄症患者40 例,根据手术方式 将患者分为PLIF组和TLIF组,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后卧床时间、视觉疼痛评分（VAS）、Oswestry功能 不良指数（ODI）以及并发症的发生率。结果：TLIF组术中出血量、术后引流量及术后卧床时间均显著优于PLIT 组,差异具有统计 学意义（P＜ 0.05）;两组手术时间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;两组术后半年VAS评分及ODI评分均显著优于手术前,差异具有 统计学意义（P＜0.05）;但两组之间比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;TLIF 组并发症发生率显著低于PLIF 组,差异具有统计学 意义（P＜ 0.05）。结论：TLIF治疗老年退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄症具有较好的临床疗效,且术后并发症较少。     

神经根管减压术对中老年退行性腰椎管狭窄的临床疗效及机制研究

目的:探究神经根管减压术对中老年退行性腰椎管狭窄的临床疗效及其机制。方法:收集我院收治的中老年退行性腰椎管狭窄患者112例,根据随机数字对照表分为对照组与试验组,每组各56例。对照组采用保守治疗方法,试验组实施神经根管减压术。治疗结束后,比较两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后血清炎症因子-1α(IL-1α)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)水平。结果:与对照组相比,试验组实施神经根管减压术总有效率较高(P0.05)。与治疗前比较,两组治疗后血清IL-1α及TNF-α水平降低,且试验组血清IL-1α及TNF-α水平较对照组更低,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与保守治疗相比,神经根管减压术治疗中老年退行性腰椎管狭窄治愈率较高,可能与其显著降低血清IL-1α及TNF-α水平有关。     

改良后路腰椎体间融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床观察

目的:研究改良后路腰椎体间融合术(PLIF)治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法:选取2010年7月到2014年7月我院收治的腰椎管狭窄症患者140例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组70例。研究组给予改良PLIF治疗,对照组给予传统PLIF治疗,比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后下地时间,应用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价术前、术后3个月、术后1年腰痛程度,应用Oswestry生活功能障碍指数(ODI)评分评价患者术前和术后1年的生活功能情况,并比较两组并发症的发生率。结果:两组手术时间、术中出血量比较无统计学意义(P0.05),研究组住院时间、术后下地时间显著短于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组术后3个月和术后1年VAS评分均显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组术后1年ODI评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);研究组术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:改良PLIF治疗腰椎管狭窄症效果较PLIF好,能有效改善疼痛情况和日常生活,降低并发症的发生率。     

腰椎管狭窄症脊椎融合术适应症研究进展

腰椎管狭窄症主要由腰椎关节强硬引起。腰椎狭窄症的临床表现分为两类:一类为局域性症状,如下腰痛,僵硬等,一类为神经根症状,如神经性跛行。适当保护性治疗可以改善这些症状,但是一些顽固病例仍需手术治疗。单纯腰椎管减压术适用于以神经根症状为初发表现并且脊椎生物力学稳定的患者。术前评估时如出现背部手术失败综合征,退行性不稳定,严重畸形,有症状的椎骨脱离,难治性退行性椎间盘疾病,以及邻近节段病的患者可行腰椎融合术。术中评估出现广泛椎体压缩合并椎间隙大或者骨储存量不足的患者可行腰椎融合术。     

The effect of limited interlaminar decompression versus complete laminectomy on intrathecal volume in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.

INTRODUCTION: There is a controversial discussion about the adequate surgical procedure for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis. Due to the observation that the degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis takes place predominantly at the interlaminar region on the level of the disc involving facets and bulging of the ligamentum flavum, resection of the whole lamina might not be necessary. A biomechanical study was designed to assess the effect of different decompression techniques using cadaver lumbar spine models. METHODS: Twelve cadaver spines with CT verified degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis were dissected in order to measure the volume of the dural sac at different flexion and extension angles. Each segment (L3/4, L4/5) was decompressed first by limited interlaminar decompression and second by complete laminectomy. Intrathecal volume measurements were taken initially, after limited interlaminar decompression and after complete laminectomy. RESULTS: Before surgical procedure, the cadaver spines showed an increase of the intrathecal volume in flexion and decrease in extension. After limited interlaminar decompression, there was a significant reduction of volume loss in extension. There was no significant additional reduction of volume loss in extension after complete laminectomy in comparison to limited interlaminar decompression. CONCLUSION: The results allow to conclude that limited interlaminar decompression is efficient for decompression in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.     

微创腰椎后路减压融合术与传统全椎板切除术治疗老年腰椎管狭窄的疗效对比分析

目的:对老年腰椎管狭窄的两种治疗方式,微创腰椎后路减压融合术和传统全椎板切除术的治疗疗效进行比较,以及研究其临床应用价值。方法:选取2009年7月至2013年1月来我院治疗的76例老年腰椎管狭窄症患者,其中43例采用微创腰椎后路减压融合术(A组),33例患者接受全椎板切除手术(B组)。对所有患者进行术后随访6个月~2年,平均随访时间1年零7个月。比较分析两组的手术情况、术后不良反应发生率及JOA评分情况。结果:A组的患者手术切口小,术中出血量少及住院时间缩短,并且较B组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者发生不良反应的情况差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组患者的JOA评分明显优于B组患者,说明A组疗效优于B组。结论:老年腰椎管狭窄患者采用微创腰椎后路减压融合手术方法创口小,术中出血量少,降低术后不良反应发生的风险,疗效明显,值得推广应用。     

Differences in Gait Characteristics of Patients with Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis (L4 Radiculopathy) and Those with Osteoarthritis of the Hip

It is important to differentially diagnose thigh pain from lumbar spinal stenosis (particularly lumbar fourth nerve root radiculopathy) and osteoarthritis of the hip. In this study, using a treadmill and a motion analysis method, gait characteristics were compared between these conditions. Patients with lumbar fourth nerve root radiculopathy had increased physiological knee flexion immediately after foot-ground contact, possibly owing to a slight decrease in the muscle strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Patients with osteoarthritis of the hip had decreased range of motion of the hip joint probably due to anatomically limited mobility as well as gait strategy to avoid pain resulting from increased internal pressure on the hip joint during its extension. Our facile and noninvasive method can be useful for the differential diagnosis of lumbar spinal canal stenosis from osteoarthritis of the hip.     

Effects of orally administered OP-1206 alpha-CD with loxoprofen-Na on walking dysfunction in the rat neuropathic intermittent claudication model

An orally active prostaglandin E1 analogue, OP-1206 alpha-CD improves walking dysfunction in the rat spinal stenosis model. Loxoprofen-Na, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, is used to relieve chronic pain in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis. To determine whether the OP-1206 alpha-CD in combination with loxoprofen-Na could induce a greater therapeutical effect on walking dysfunction and spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) than OP-1206 alpha-CD treatment alone after chronic spinal stenosis in the rat. Spinal stenosis was induced by placing two pieces of silicon rubber strips in the lumbar (L4 and L6) epidural space of rats. After surgery, walking function was measured using a treadmill apparatus and SCBF was measured using a laser-Doppler flow meter. Drugs were administered orally twice a day for 11 days from the day 3 post-surgery. OP-1206 alpha-CD elicited a significant improvement of walking dysfunction on days 7 and 14 post-surgery and significantly increased spinal cord blood flow on day 15, whereas walking dysfunction and SCBF of rats treated with loxoprofen-Na alone remained unchanged. Combined treatment of OP-1206 alpha-CD with loxoprofen-Na did not provide additive therapeutical effect. These results suggest that a significant improvement seen after OP-1206 alpha-CD treatment is primarily mediated by improvement of the local spinal cord blood flow. This effect is not ameliorated or potentiated by a combined treatment with loxoprofen-Na.     

TLIF与PLIF对退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄患者临床疗效及安全性比较

目的:比较经椎间孔椎体间融合术(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF)与经后路椎体间融合术(posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF)对退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄患者临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择2013年6月到2015年6月我院收治的90例退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄患者,随机分为TLIF组和PLIF组,各45例。TLIF组患者给予TLIF治疗,PLIF组患者给予PLIF治疗。记录并比较两组患者手术时间、术中失血量、术后引流量及术后卧床时间。评价并比较两组患者治疗前后视觉疼痛评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)和Oswestry功能不良指数(oswestry disability index,ODI)。记录并比较两组患者治疗后神经根损伤、感染、硬膜囊破裂等并发症发生情况。结果:TLIF组患者的手术时间、术中失血量、术后引流量及术后卧床时间均明显小于PLIF组,均具有显著性差异(P0.05)。治疗前,两组患者VAS、ODI评分,相比均无显著性差异(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者VAS、ODI评分均明显小于治疗前,且TLIF组患者的VAS、ODI评分均明显小于PLIF组,均具有显著性差异(P0.05)。TLIF组患者的并发症发生率明显低于PLIF组,均具有显著性差异(X~2=3.873,P=0.049)。结论:相比于PLIF,TLIF治疗退行性腰椎滑脱合并腰椎管狭窄患者的临床疗效显著,有助于腰椎功能的恢复,并发症发生率较低,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Lumbar spinal stenosis.

Lumbar spinal stenosis, the results of congenital and degenerative constriction of the neural canal and foramina leading to lumbosacral nerve root or cauda equina compression, is a common cause of disability in middle-aged and elderly patients. Advanced neuroradiologic imaging techniques have improved our ability to localize the site of nerve root entrapment in patients presenting with neurogenic claudication or painful radiculopathy. Although conservative medical management may be successful initially, surgical decompression by wide laminectomy or an intralaminar approach should be done in patients with serious or progressive pain or neurologic dysfunction. Because the early diagnosis and treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis may prevent intractable pain and the permanent neurologic sequelae of chronic nerve root entrapment, all physicians should be aware of the different neurologic presentations and the treatment options for patients with spinal stenosis.     

后路减压内固定融合矫形治疗退变性腰椎侧凸伴椎管狭窄的临床研究

目的:探讨后路减压内固定融合矫形治疗退变性腰椎侧凸伴椎管狭窄的临床疗效。方法:将我院2009年1月~2015年1月收治的退变性腰椎侧凸伴椎管狭窄患者按照手术方法分为两组,实验组进行后路减压内固定融合矫形术治疗,对照组进行单纯后路减压固定矫形术治疗,对比两组患者术前、术后6个月和18个月的Cobb角、腰椎前凸角、日本骨科学会(JOA)评分、疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)情况,SRS-22国际标准量表评分情况以及出血量情况。结果:实验组术后18个月的Cobb角、腰椎前凸角分别为(16.8±5.16)°和(36.8±5.82)°,均分别低于对照组的(20.2±6.61)°和(41.2±5.67)°,且均低于术前(P0.05),而术前及术后6个月时两组比较无差异(P0.05);两组患者术后6个月和18个月的JOA评分、VAS评分比较均较术前明显改善(P0.05),且组间比较显示,术后18月两组比较均存在显著差异(P0.05);SRS-22国际标准评估量表显示,术后18个月两组患者的自理能力、自我评价、精神状态方面无显著差异(P0.05),而疼痛情况存在显著差异(P0.05)。两组术中出血量比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:后路减压内固定融合矫形术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸伴椎管狭窄疗效显著,且后路减压内固定融合矫形术在改善患者的腰椎侧凸程度、功能障碍及疼痛程度方面优于单纯后路减压矫形内固定术,值得临床推广。     

Coflex固定加椎板开窗减压在腰椎管狭窄症的疗效观察

目的:观察Coflex固定加椎板开窗减压在腰椎管狭窄症的疗效。方法:选择2009年8月至2012年8月在我院治疗,经CT诊断为腰椎椎管狭窄的患者82例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各41例。观察组行Conflex固定加椎板开窗减压治疗,对照组行常规手术治疗。观察和比较两者患者1年后的健康情况、术后满意程度、VAS评分及Barthel指数。结果:观察组术后满意度90.2%,对照组为65.9%,与对照组比较,观察组满意度更高,差异有统计学意义(X2=16.8,P0.001);两组患者健康情况的比较:观察组优良率(82.9%)较对照组(56.1%)高,两组健康情况相互比较差异有统计学意义(X2=17.1,P0.001);观察组随访VAS评分2.34±1.02,对照组VAS评分4.31±1.33,两组VAS评分比较差异均有统计学意义(t=7.43,P0.0 01);观察组Barthel指数(92.3±5.1)优于对照组(81.2±4.2),差异有统计学意义(t=5.31,P0.0 01)。结论:Conflex固定加椎板开窗减压对腰椎管狭窄症的疗效确切,不良反应少,值得在临床上推广。