喀斯特峰丛洼地不同生态系统土壤微生物与养分的耦合关系

基于喀斯特峰丛洼地农作区、人工林、次生林、原生林4类生态系统土壤微生物量、微生物数量及土壤养分的分析,本文探讨了不同生态系统土壤微生物特征及其与土壤养分的耦合关系.结果表明:不同生态系统微生物种群组成不同,真菌比率均较低,农作区、人工林、原生林的放线菌比率较大,而次生林细菌比率较大;不同生态系统中微生物量碳(Cmic)与微生物量氮(Nmic)、微生物量磷(Pmic)的相关性均达到了显著或极显著水平;不同生态系统土壤微生物量与土壤养分的关系密切,而微生物数量与土壤养分的相关性均较弱,表明土壤微生物细菌、真菌、放线菌种群数量分布的随机性较大,而不是受单一养分因子的控制;不同生态系统中土壤微生物属性和土壤养分的耦合关系不同:农作区土壤有机质(SOM)、pH、全磷(TP)起较大作用,主要影响土壤Cmic、细菌和真菌;人工林中土壤水分、SOM、全氮(TN)、TP主要影响土壤微生物量;次生林中以pH、SOM、TP、碱解氮(AN)、速效钾(AK)主要影响土壤微生物量和真菌;原生林主要有pH、TP、AN影响土壤微生物量和细菌.     

不同土地利用方式下喀斯特峰丛洼地土壤微生物群落特征

基于对喀斯特峰丛洼地6种土地利用类型(坡耕地、草丛、灌丛、人工林、次生林、原生林)的土壤微生物、养分、矿物质和植被4组变量35个指标的调查分析,研究了不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物种群数量、微生物生物量C、N、P及其分形特征,以及土壤微生物与植被、土壤养分、矿物质的关系.结果表明:不同土地利用方式下喀斯特峰丛洼地的土壤微生物种群数量及组成不同.微生物种群数量均以原生林和坡耕地最高,人工林最低;3种森林土壤的细菌比率较大,坡耕地、草丛、灌丛的放线菌比率较大,真菌的比率均很小;土壤微生物生物量C、N、P的含量均很高,其中原生林最高;土壤微生物生物量碳与土壤微生物种群数量具有良好的分形关系,而土壤微生物生物量氮、磷与种群数量不存在分形关系;土壤微生物与植被、土壤养分、土壤矿物质显著相关,其中土壤微生物生物量碳与乔木层的Shannon指数、土壤速效氮、Fe₂O₃、CaO含量显著相关.     

望天树人工幼林混交对土壤微生物功能多样性与碳源利用的影响

研究望天树(Parashorea chinensis)在幼龄阶段分别与巨尾桉(Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla)、降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera)混交对土壤微生物群落功能特征和碳源利用的影响, 以期为濒危树种望天树人工林培育模式和桉树纯林改造中的树种选择提供科学依据。该研究采用Biolog-ECO技术对比分析了望天树混交林和纯林土壤微生物对6类碳源的利用特点和代谢活性, 探讨微生物功能多样性的差异及与土壤环境因子的关系。结果表明: (1)望天树×巨尾桉混交林的Shannon-Wiener、Simpson和McIntosh多样性指数均最高, 其土壤微生物功能多样性显著高于纯林; (2)望天树混交林的土壤微生物对碳源的利用能力和代谢活性及微生物数量高于纯林, 并随土层加深而下降; 混交林和纯林的土壤微生物对酚酸类碳源的利用程度均最高、胺类次之、多聚物最低, 不同点在于混交林和纯林分别对氨基酸类、羧酸类碳源的依赖度更高; (3)望天树混交林土壤的含水率、总孔隙度以及有机质、全氮、全钾、铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾等养分含量高于纯林; 并且除全磷和全钾外其他养分含量的垂直分布特征呈现出明显的表聚效应; (4)环境因子分析表明, 土壤pH、有机质、全钾和速效钾含量是造成混交林和纯林间以及不同土层间土壤微生物功能多样性和碳源利用存在明显差异的主要驱动因子。综上所述, 望天树混交造林模式对幼林土壤微生物群落及其生存环境有显著影响, 尤其与巨尾桉混交可以有效提高土壤微生物代谢活性和功能多样性, 促进凋落物和有机质的分解。与纯林相比, 望天树混交林在一定程度上改善了土壤质量和肥力, 为望天树幼树生长营造了较好的土壤环境和光照条件。     

高黎贡山土壤微生物的数量和多样性

本文从分解者亚系统水平,研究了高黎贡山海拔1000～3100m的不同植被下土壤中微生物的数量和多样性,对不同海拔高度、不同植被下的12份土壤样品,进行了微生物数量、真菌多样性及养分含量的测定,结果得出：细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和真菌多样性随海拔不同而变化,最高值出现在海拔2000m左右,其植被下土壤微生物的数量和多样性最高,随海拔升高或降低均呈下降趋势,在山底降到较低水平。土壤微生物随海拔高度的变化与生态因子呈现不同程度的相关性,其中,微生物的数量和多样性与气温、有机质之间的相关性最大,除细菌数量与气温、真菌数量与有机质外,都达到了显著的水平;与有效氮、土壤含水量之间的相关性次之;而与速效磷和速效钾的相关性较差。说明影响高黎贡山土壤微生物数量和多样性垂直分布的主要生态因子是气温、土壤有机质和有效氮含量、土壤含水量,现有土壤磷和钾含量的变化对土壤微生物数量和多样性的影响相对较小。     

桂北喀斯特峰丛洼地植物群落特征及其与土壤的耦合关系

基于喀斯特峰丛洼地草丛、灌丛、次生林、原生林4个生态系统24个样地(20 m × 20 m)的系统取样调查, 研究了喀斯特峰丛洼地不同生态系统群落的结构组成与生物多样性特征, 选取代表植物群落和土壤性质的35个指标, 对不同生态系统及整个喀斯特脆弱生态系统植物群落与土壤主要养分、土壤矿质养分和土壤微生物间的相互关系进行了主成分分析与典范相关分析。结果表明: 沿草丛、灌丛、次生林、原生林的顺向演替发展, 重要值(importance value, IV)>10.00的科、属、种及物种多样性最大值出现在次生林, 群落结构最佳值出现在顶级群落原生林; 喀斯特峰丛洼地景观异质性高, 各生态系统影响因子不同, 土壤微生物在喀斯特脆弱生态系统处于主导地位, 其次为灌丛; 不同集团因子的典范相关分析表明, 植物多样性指标与土壤氮素、Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、土壤微生物生物量碳(C_mic)、真菌和细菌关系密切。因此, 在喀斯特脆弱生态系统恢复与重建过程中, 应针对不同生态系统制定相应的培育管理措施。     

岩溶区植被和季节对土壤微生物遗传多样性的影响

基于土壤微生物遗传多样性随植被和季节的变化而变化的假设,运用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)检测岩溶区草丛(T)、灌丛(S)、次生林(SF)和原生林(PF)群落演替过程中土壤细菌和真菌群落的遗传多样性及其季节变化.随着地上植被的演替土壤细菌群落具有连续性但优势种群不明显,真菌群落没有连续性但优势种群明显.植被和季节对于细菌和真菌群落的Shannon多样性具有不同程度的显著影响,同时存在显著的植被和季节交互作用.草丛土壤中细菌和真菌群落的Shannon多样性有显著的季节变化(p<0.01);灌丛土壤中仅细菌群落多样性有显著季节变化(p<0.05);而森林土壤中细菌和真菌群落多样性没有显著的季节变化.土壤真菌和细菌多样性具有显著正相关关系.随着地上植被的正向演替,土壤微生物遗传结构逐渐稳定;植被恢复早期阶段,土壤中存在着丰富的微生物遗传多样性,但并不稳定.     

长期施肥条件下菜田土壤微生物特征变化

对蔬菜地长期施肥土壤的8个主要处理进行了分析,探求不同培肥方式对土壤微生物生态特征的影响。结果表明：有机无机肥配施较单施无机肥可显著增加土壤细菌和放线菌的数量,提高土壤真菌的多样性;有机肥和低浓度氮肥配施处理的土壤细菌数量、真菌群落的多样性和均匀性显著高于其他处理;单施高浓度的氮肥显著降低土壤细菌的数量,真菌群落的多样性和均匀性也明显低于对照。     

典型喀斯特峰丛洼地不同植被恢复对土壤养分含量和微生物多样性的影响

以桂西北典型喀斯特峰丛洼地植被恢复过程中草丛、灌丛、次生林、原生林4个植被恢复阶段为研究对象,通过测定优势种的根际与非根际的土壤p H、养分含量及微生物多样性,探讨不同恢复阶段根际土壤养分的富集效应及土壤微生物多样性的变化特征。研究结果表明:(1)4个恢复阶段的根际与非根际土壤养分均呈现显著差异;土壤有效态养分较全量养分对植物根际微小的变化响应更为灵敏;大多数养分表现出明显的富集效应,AP和AK在原生林的富集率明显高于其他恢复阶段;(2)4个恢复阶段细菌Shannon-Wiener指数(H)、丰富度指数(S)均高于真菌,根际土壤细菌与真菌Shannon-Wiener指数(H)、丰富度指数(S)与Pielou均匀度(EH)都高于非根际土壤;(3)4个恢复阶段土壤TN分别与p H、SOC、AN呈极显著正相关(P0.01),磷素、钾素与土壤微生物多样性呈显著相关(P0.05)。可研究结果为西南喀斯特脆弱区土壤生态功能恢复与植被恢复重建提供科学依据。     

横断山北部高山区不同生态条件下土壤微生物数量及其与生态因子的相关性

采用全球定位系统(GPS)采集了横断山北部高山区35个样点的土样,用稀释平板法对该区细菌、真菌和放线菌进行分离计数,并分析了微生物数量与土壤养分、土壤水分、土地利用方式和pH等因子的相关性。结果表明,该区域3大类土壤微生物数量表现为细菌>放线菌>真菌。土壤微生物数量在不同区域表现为松林口>雀儿山>折多山;林地微生物比草地丰富,但不及草地微生物均衡。微生物数量与土壤理化因子间的相关分析表明,放线菌数量与pH呈显著正相关,真菌数量与土壤全钾含量呈极显著正相关。     

植被恢复对亚热带退化红壤区土壤化学性质与微生物群落的影响

利用1991年在江西省泰和县严重退化的丘陵红壤区建立的长期森林恢复实验基地,以自然恢复的荒草地为对照,分析了湿地松纯林、枫香纯林、湿地松-枫香混交林3种植被类型造林19年后土壤养分和微生物群落数量的变化.结果表明:枫香纯林和湿地松-枫香混交林的土壤有机碳含量(15.16±3.53和16.42±0.49 g·kg-1)显著高于荒草地(9.30±1.13g·kg-1);土壤全磷含量表现为荒草地(0.30±0.02 g·kg-1)＞湿地松-枫香混交林(0.22±0.04g·kg-1)＞枫香纯林(0.14±0.01 g·kg-1);土壤有效磷含量为枫香纯林(1.66±0.02mg·kg-1)、湿地松-枫香混交林(2.47 ±0.27 mg·kg-1)和湿地松纯林(1.15±0.71 mg·kg-1)显著高于荒草地(0.01±0.00 mg·kg-1);土壤的微生物总数、细菌数量及百分比、土壤无机解磷菌和有机解磷菌数量均为枫香纯林、湿地松-枫香混交林显著高于湿地松纯林和荒草地;真菌数量及百分比、放线菌百分比为枫香纯林、湿地松-枫香混交林显著低于荒草地;土壤有机碳含量与细菌百分比呈极显著正相关,与真菌和放线菌百分比呈显著负相关;土壤有效磷与有机解磷菌数量呈显著正相关,与无机解磷菌数量不相关.枫香纯林和湿地松-枫香混交林可以作为亚热带退化红壤区植被恢复的推荐模式.     

Comparison of soil microbial communities inhabiting vineyards and native sclerophyllous forests in central Chile

Natural ecosystems provide services to agriculture such as pest control, soil nutrients, and key microbial components. These services and others in turn provide essential elements that fuel biomass productivity. Responsible agricultural management and conservation of natural habitats can enhance these ecosystem services. Vineyards are currently driving land‐use changes in many Mediterranean ecosystems. These land‐use changes could have important effects on the supporting ecosystems services related to the soil properties and the microbial communities associated with forests and vineyard soils. Here, we explore soil bacterial and fungal communities present in sclerophyllous forests and organic vineyards from three different wine growing areas in central Chile. We employed terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T‐RFLP) to describe the soil microbial communities inhabiting native forests and vineyards in central Chile. We found that the bacterial community changed between the sampled growing areas; however, the fungal community did not differ. At the local scale, our findings show that fungal communities differed between habitats because fungi species might be more sensitive to land‐use change compared to bacterial species, as bacterial communities did not change between forests and vineyards. We discuss these findings based on the sensitivity of microbial communities to soil properties and land‐use change. Finally, we focus our conclusions on the importance of naturally derived ecosystem services to vineyards.     

杉木人工林土壤真菌遗传多样性

为探明杉木人工林土壤真菌遗传多样性及其与环境因子的关系,采用454测序技术对土壤真菌的遗传多样性进行了分析,测定了黄丰桥林场杉木人工林土壤真菌的遗传多样性与环境因子的相关性。试验结果表明:①不同代数、林龄的杉木人工林土壤理化性质及林下植被多样性均有显著差异。第1代杉木幼林林土壤肥力较高,有机质、全N、速效K的均值分别为88.02g/kg、2.56 g/kg、84.96 mg/kg均高于第2代和第3代杉木幼林林,速效N和含水量的均值分别为22.86 mg/kg和26.28%低于其他样地。杉木幼林林下植被多样性最为丰富。②通过454测序技术分析发现第1代杉木幼林真菌Ace丰富度指数、Chao丰富度指数及群落遗传多样性指数均大于第2代杉木幼林和第3代杉木幼林。杉木人工林土壤中粪壳菌纲(Sordariomycetes)真菌为优势种群。不同栽培代数杉木人工林的真菌群落存在差异,其中块菌科(Tuberaceae)为第2代和第3代杉木林特有真菌,而不同发育阶段的杉木人工林的真菌群落差异不明显。③经RDA分析,杉木人工林土壤主要真菌群落受含水量、有机质、速效P、速效K影响较大。土壤真菌群落遗传多样性Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与林下植被多样性、土壤全N显著正相关,土壤真菌Chao指数与土壤真菌Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、土壤全N含量显著正相关。本研究表明不同栽培代数杉木人工林的真菌群落存在差异,土壤真菌群落与环境因子之间具有相关性。     

川西亚高山不同林龄云杉人工林土壤微生物群落结构

以川西亚高山云杉人工林林地土壤为对象,采用磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)法研究了4种不同林龄(50、38、27和20年)的人工林土壤微生物多样性和群落结构特征.结果表明: 随着林龄的增加,土壤有机碳和全氮含量逐步增加;土壤微生物Shannon多样性和Pielou均匀度指数则呈现先增后减的趋势.土壤微生物总PLFAs量、细菌PLFAs量、真菌PLFAs量、放线菌PLFAs量以及丛枝菌根真菌PLFAs量均表现为随林龄的增加而增加.主成分分析(PCA)表明,不同林龄人工林的土壤微生物群落结构之间存在显著差异,其中,第1主成分(PC1)和第2主成分(PC2)共同解释了土壤微生物群落结构总变异的66.8%.冗余分析(RDA)表明,对土壤微生物群落结构产生显著影响的环境因子分别为土壤有机碳、全氮、全钾以及细根生物量.随着人工造林时间的延长,土壤肥力和微生物生物量增加,森林生态系统的恢复进程稳定.     

Historical forest disturbance mediates soil microbial community responses to drought

Despite the abundance of studies demonstrating the effects of drought on soil microbial communities, the role of land use legacies in mediating these drought effects is unclear. To assess historical land use influences on microbial drought responses, we conducted a drought-rewetting experiment in soils from two adjacent and currently forested watersheds with distinct land use histories: an undisturbed ‘reference’ site and a ‘disturbed’ site that was clear-cut and converted to agriculture ~60 years prior. We incubated intact soil cores at either constant moisture or under a drought-rewet treatment and characterized bacterial and fungal communities using amplicon sequencing throughout the experiment. Bacterial alpha diversity decreased following drought-rewetting while fungal diversity increased. Bacterial beta diversity also changed markedly following drought-rewetting, especially in historically disturbed soils, while fungal beta diversity exhibited little response. Additionally, bacterial beta diversity in disturbed soils recovered less from drought-rewetting compared with reference soils. Disturbed soil communities also exhibited notable reductions in nitrifying taxa, increases in putative r-selected bacteria, and reductions in network connectivity following drought-rewetting. Overall, our study reveals historical land use to be important in mediating responses of soil bacterial communities to drought, which will influence the ecosystem-scale trajectories of these environments under ongoing and future climate change.     

Fungal community reveals less dispersal limitation and potentially more connected network than that of bacteria in bamboo forest soils

A central aim of this microbial ecology research was to investigate the mechanisms shaping the assembly of soil microbial communities. Despite the importance of bacterial and fungal mediation of carbon cycling in forest ecosystems, knowledge concerning their distribution patterns and underlying mechanisms remains insufficient. Here, soils were sampled from six bamboo forests across the main planting area of Moso bamboo in southern China. The bacterial and fungal diversities were assessed by sequencing 16S rRNA and ITS gene amplicons, respectively, with an Illumina MiSeq. Based on structural equation modelling, dispersal limitation had strongest impact on bacterial beta diversity, while the mean annual precipitation had a smaller impact by directly or indirectly mediating the soil organic carbon density. However, only the mean annual temperature and precipitation played direct roles in fungal beta diversity. Moreover, the co‐occurrence network analyses revealed a possibly much higher network connectivity in the fungal network than in the bacteria. With less dispersal limitation, stronger environmental selection and a potentially more connected network, the fungal community had more important roles in the soil carbon metabolisms in bamboo forests. Fungal beta diversity and the clustering coefficient explained approximately 14.4% and 6.1% of the variation in the carbon metabolic profiles among sites, respectively, but that of bacteria only explained approximately 1.7% and 1.8%, respectively. This study explored soil microbial spatial patterns along with the underlying mechanisms of dispersal limitation, selection and connectivity of ecological networks, thus providing novel insights into the study of the distinct functional traits of different microbial taxa.     

The impact of secondary forests conversion into larch plantations on soil chemical and microbiological properties

Background and aims

Conversion of natural forests to plantations often results in a considerable loss of plant species and thus likely a reduction in quantity and quality of plant debris entering the soil. Larch plantation is widespread in northeastern China, but its ecological impacts receive little attention. This study aimed to assess soil quality under larch stands against the secondary forest stands using a suite of soil chemical and microbiological properties.

Methods

Four pairs of larch plantations and secondary forests were randomly selected from a mountainous area and mineral soils of top 15 cm were collected from each field.

Results

Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, microbial biomass, C and N mineralization and the activities of hydrolytic enzymes were significantly lower in the larch plantations than those in the secondary forests. However, light fraction C as a proportion of soil C was greater in the larch plantations, suggesting less accumulation and stabilization of soil C to heavy fraction in the larch plantations compared to the secondary forests. We also used δ¹⁵N records in light and heavy fractions to derive the relative stability of soil C and found that soil C stability was lower in the larch plantations. This was supported by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis because carboxylate stretching, which might result from microbial oxidation, was less abundant in the larch plantations.

Conclusions

The differences in soil organic matter quality between the larch plantations and the secondary forests were reliably reflected in soil microbial properties and microbially-mediated processes. Our results indicated that the larch plantations reduced soil quality as well as nutrient cycling rate.     

人工与天然云杉林土壤真菌群落多样性及菌群网络关系特征

土壤真菌群落多样性和菌群关系是维持生态系统的多样性及稳定性的关键。本文以粗枝云杉人工林和天然林为研究对象,利用高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析方法,研究了云杉根际和非根际土壤真菌群落组成、多样性及菌群网络关系。结果表明: 从群落组成上看,人工林中相对丰度最高的科是丝盖伞科,而天然林中是蜡壳耳科,两处林型下占比最高的属均为丝盖伞属。群落的β多样性在两处林型的根际、非根际下存在显著差异。环境变量与真菌类群的相对丰度和α多样性相关关系不显著,而草本覆盖度、土壤含水率、总有机碳和植被丰富度是群落β多样性的主要影响因素。网络分析显示,天然林土壤真菌菌群之间以负相关关系为主,表明天然林土壤中菌群之间主要存在竞争作用。比较两处林型下的根际、非根际土壤真菌菌群关系发现,非根际区域菌群之间负相关性均较高,表明非根际土壤中菌群的种间竞争作用可能要强于根际土壤。结合差异丰度分析,两处林型下根际和非根际之间存在显著差异的物种中仅有蜡壳耳科为真菌网络中共有的关键菌群,表明人工林和天然林土壤真菌群落结构中差异种群的变化可能对其群落稳定性影响较小。     

Floristics of soil seed banks on agricultural and disturbed land cleared of tropical forests

Little is known about how soil seed banks vary in germination, composition, and density under different land uses after tropical forest conversion. Seed banks can potentially act as one source of regeneration for reforestation of old agricultural lands. Our study documents the composition and density of germinants in soil seed banks from four land uses types surrounding the Sinharaja forest in southwest Sri Lanka. These include: (1) kekilla fern lands; (2) pine plantations; and (3) tea. These were compared to the adjacent (4) mature rainforest. During the 6‐month period of monitoring, we recorded 1,674 germinants (0.036 germinants/cm³ soil), representing 46 species. Germinants of tree and shrub species were restricted to the pine and rainforest soils and all of them are considered pioneers. The soils of the rainforest had the lowest species richness, density, and diversity of germinants; tea lands comprised much higher richness, Shannon diversity, and density. However, almost all germinants in tea were grasses and herbs as compared with other land uses. A multivariate analysis of the germinants of soil seed banks revealed that the four land use types comprise very different compositions and abundances, some of which can be associated with differences in growth habit (trees, shrubs, vines, herbs, grasses). Our results suggest that pine plantations may facilitate some tree and shrub regeneration. However, the seed banks beneath tea and kekilla fern land do not comprise any woody plant species. This may explain why agricultural lands such as tea do not revert back to forest easily.     

不同林龄杉木林土壤细菌群落结构与土壤酶活性变化研究

探究不同林龄杉木人工纯林土壤中的微生物的群落演变与结构特征与酶活性变化,为杉木人工林可持续经营管理提供依据。以福建省南平市的五片不同林龄杉木林表层土壤作为研究对象,通过16SrDNA测定细菌的群落组成,分析与土壤质量密切相关的四种土壤酶活性变化,揭示细菌群落与土壤酶活性的变化机理。结果表明,微生物的多样性指数与OTU都随着林龄的增加而增加,且幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林、成熟林土壤微生物结构差异较大;不同林龄杉木人工林中包含了29个细菌门,其中酸杆菌门与变形菌门为优势菌群,根据各种群相对丰度变化以及冗余分析,放线菌门、浮霉菌门与疣微菌门等均随林龄增长出现较大变化,且与土壤可溶性有机质以及速效养分有显著相关性（P<0.05）,说明这几种细菌群落对土壤养分变化较敏感;土壤养分变化会影响土壤酶活性,蔗糖酶与全碳呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,与速效钾呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,与放线菌门呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。脲酶与速效氮呈显著负相关（P<0.05）,脲酶与变形菌门、绿弯菌门、放线菌门、硝化螺旋菌门以及拟杆菌门均存在较强相关性。综上,不同的土壤细菌种群与酶活性对各养分变化的响应程度不一,细菌群落结构与酶活性能反映不同林龄杉木林土壤的质量变化,适量延长杉木人工林种植年限有益于土壤质量恢复。本研究结果对指导杉木人工林优质经营有重要意义。     

不同覆土基质微生物结构特征研究及其对双孢蘑菇产量的影响

覆土是影响双孢蘑菇产量、质量和出菇整齐度的重要因子,利用现代分子生态学的方法快速、准确地对不同覆土基质微生物结构特征进行检测,以进一步了解微生物群落与双孢蘑菇相互作用关系。测定了不同覆土的理化特性,应用PCR技术对不同覆土材料提取总DNA,扩增细菌16S rDNA和真菌28S rDNA,运用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术对PCR产物进行分析,研究双孢蘑菇不同覆土基质微生物结构特征。结果表明：不同处理的覆土材料微生物群落的基因具有多样性,其中细菌群落基因多样性存在差异,使用纯泥炭与粉碎稻草处理差异最大,相似性仅为62%;通过真菌28S rDNA变性梯度凝胶电泳结果显示,粉碎稻草处理多样性指数最高,达3.576,但随着泥炭比例的提高,覆土处理中真菌群落的多样性相对减少;栽培试验发现,双孢蘑菇子实体形成量、总产量可能与覆土中的真菌群落多样性呈负相关。