浅谈白杨透翅蛾防治的几种方法

本文介绍了白杨透翅蛾的概念、特点及它的生长过程,适合它的生长环境,总结了它的生长过程及环境,介绍了它的几种防治措施。     

葡萄透翅蛾的危害及防治

葡萄透翅蛾的危害及防治严根远（河南省信阳县东双河综合高中４６４１３６）危害葡萄的昆虫有葡萄透翅蛾、葡萄羽绒、葡萄天蛾、葡萄斑蛾、葡萄叶螟、葡萄十星叶甲、烟蓟马等数十种。其中,以葡萄透翅蛾的幼虫对葡萄的生长发育、开花结果等生理危害最严重,防治最难。我校...     

葡萄透翅蛾生物学特性及防治研究

<正> 随着葡萄生产的发展,葡萄透翅蛾Para-nthrene regalis Butler在苏北黄河故道地区的发生为害不断加重。轻者,造成嫩梢、果穗枯萎、产量和品质降低、树势衰弱;重者,致使大部枝蔓干枯,甚至全株死亡。对庭院葡萄发展和城市绿化均造成严重不良影响。1988～1990年,我们对其生物学特性和防治进行了研究。     

醋栗透翅蛾的发生及其防治

<正> 醋栗透翅蛾Synanthedon tipuliformis(Clerck)属鳞翅目透翅蛾科,是目前黑龙江省黑穗醋栗的重要新害虫。其幼虫为害新梢和多年生枝条。一般老栽培区重于新栽培区,枝条受害率达20～50％。1986年作者对其发生及防治进行了较为系统的研究,现将结果整理于下。     

猕猴桃准透翅蛾发生及其防治研究

<正> 猕猴桃准透翅蛾Paranthreoe actidiae Ya-ng et Wang自1986年以来,在我县麻栎寨、东岭信、林科所、电视转播台等地成片种植的猕猴桃,均见有不同程度的发生,危害逐渐加重。     

一种罕见的透翅蛾

长足透翅蛾Macroscclesialongipes（Moore,1877）,是Hampson（1919）根据MelitialongipesMoore设置的,其后足附节很长,异于Melitoa属,而且雄性外生殖器也遇然不同。孩虫在我国最初采自上海,现又发现于江西、福建（光泽）。这是一种罕见的透翅蛾,故记述如下。翅展20mm,体长gmm,黑褐色。喙发达。下唇须基节生白色长毛,中节生育黑色、灰色长毛5端节黑褐色。复眼褐色,内侧基缘白色。额黑褐,头顶有黑褐色长毛,头后缘有黄褐色刚毛。触角端有小毛束,干背黑色,干腹红褐色。领片来生黄褐色鳞片。胸部下面白色,足暗褐,前足腿节散…     

杨干透翅蛾生物学及防治

杨干透翅蛾Sesiasiningensis（Hsu）是杨树的重要蛀干害虫之一。在国内主要分布于山西、青海、甘肃、内蒙古。在晋中地区为害猖獗。1980年以来,太谷县、祁县、榆次市等平川6县（市）大面积杨树遭受危害。树干基部被钻蛀,不仅影响树木生长,而且极易风倒。太谷县1986年一场6级大风刮倒26万株被害杨树,可见其对杨树生长已构成严重威胁。1986～1993年作者对该虫在晋中地区的发生为害特点和防治方法进行了研究。1形态特征（见图）成虫：前后翅均透明,前翅狭长,后翅扇形,缘毛深褐色。雌虫体长25～30mm,翅展45～S50mm,触角棍棒状,端部…     

葡萄透翅蛾雄蛾的第二次交配及其特点

作者曾报告葡萄透翅蛾ParanthrenerngalisBuber雌蛾与雄蛾一生都只交配1次,是用性引诱剂诱捕防治的理想对象[1,2]。但在性诱防治实践中,虽每年诱杀大量雄蛾,而下一年田间蛾量却未见下降[3],检查雌蛾交配率时又多次查获体积奇小的精包,从而引起对雄蛾一生只能交配1次的怀疑。1995年,在室外阳光下的已交配雄蛾群中,又发现个别推蛾有追逐异体、试图交尾行为,于是对雄蛾交配潜力再行检测,结果证实部分已交配雄蛾确有再次交配能力。三材料与方法1．l材料已交配雄蛾：从冬季修剪收集的虫技中剥取蛹,雌雄蛹分置盒中羽化,选当天上午羽…     

Artificial rearing of the poplar clearwing moth, Paranthrene tabaniformis

The poplar clearwing moth, Paranthrene tabaniformis Rott. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) was successfully reared through two generations on a semi-artificial diet. Because of the long period required for larval development, three diets were used in a labour-extensive method. The mean times required for rearing the first and second generations to adulthood on the most suitable diet averaged about 352 and 250 days, respectively. The survival to the adult stage was 6.8% for the first generation and 43.5% for the second. Biological data on sex ratio, longevity and number of eggs per female are given for adults obtained from the wild.

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Résumé P. tabaniformis Rott. a été élevé avec succés pendant deux générations sur un substrat alimentaire semi-artificiel. Par suite de la lenteur du développement des chenilles, trois régimes ont été utilisés avec une méthode demandant moins de travail. Le temps moyen requis pourmener les premières et secondes générations jusqu'au stade imaginal one été respectivement de 352 et 250 jours pour le régime leur convenant le mieux. Les survies jusqu'au stade imaginal ont été respectivement de 6,8% et 43,5% pour la première et la seconde génération. Des informations biologiques sont fournies sur la fréquences des sexes, la longévité et le nombre d'ufs par femelle à partir des adultes provenant de la nature.

     

Identification of minor sex pheromone components of the poplar clearwing moth Paranthrene tabaniformis (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)

A chemical analysis of the crude sex pheromone gland extracts of virgin calling Paranthrene tabaniformis females, obtained from the European part of Kazakhstan, revealed the presence of five compounds: (3E,13Z)-octadeca-3,13-dien-1-ol (E3,Z13-18:OH), (3Z,13Z)-octadeca-3,13-dien-1-ol (Z3,Z13-18:OH), (2E,13Z)-octadeca-2,13-dien-1-ol (E2,Z13-18:OH), (13Z)-octadec-13-en-1-ol (Z13-18:OH), and octadecan-1-ol (18:OH) at the ratios 64.0:32.4: 1.4:0.9:1.3, which are structurally related to sex pheromone components of clearwing moths. Our previous field tests showed synergistic effects of Z3,Z13-18:OH and E2,Z13-18:OH to attract P. tabaniformis males, when these compounds were tested in binary mixtures with the known sex pheromone E3,Z13-18:OH. The three dienic alcohols should all be considered as sex pheromone components of the P. tabaniformis species, while the role of Z13-18:OH and 18:OH remained unclear.     

三唑磷对葡萄透翅蛾毒力作用方式研究

三唑磷（triazophs）是一种中等毒性的有机磷触杀、胃毒杀虫剂。葡萄透翅蛾幼虫接触或取食10mg/L药液处理的葡萄茎叶就可致死;100mg/L以上药液对葡萄新梢枝有较强内渗作用,能渗入梢内组织毒杀施药前10余天至施药后10余天孵化蛀入的幼虫。1次施药的有效杀虫时间前后长达20多天,相当葡萄透翅蛾全年孵化期。掌握孵化高峰喷施100～200mg／L三唑磷农药,1年只要施药1次就能消除葡萄透翅蛾的危害,是目前年一次性药剂防治的首选药剂。     

Identification of chemical compounds of the pheromone in different ages of female adults of the clearwing moth,Paranthrene diaphana Dalla Torre & Strand

The clearwing moth, Paranthrene diaphana Dalla Torre & Strand (Lep.: Sesiidae) is one of the most destructive pests of willow trees in Tehran province which leads to dieback. In this study, female volatile compounds were identified. For this purpose, female volatile substances were extracted using Solid Phase Micro Extraction and then were identified using Head Space Chromatography method. Female insects were assessed separately at ages of 2–4, 4–6 and 6–8 days of preparation. Among the various compounds identified by GC/MS in the volatile compounds of female insect, 27 compounds were introduced while seven combinations have also been produced and released at all ages of insect which include: Pentadecane, Heptadecane, Dodecane, Tetradecane, Hexadecane, Eicosane and Tridecane. The peak area of curve (log scale) and frequency of these compounds, demonstrate that five combinations including: Tetradecane, Hexadecane, Tridecane, Eicosane and Dodecane are more important. In addition, five compounds including: Octadecane, Palmitic acid (Hexadecanoic acid), 9-Octadecenoic acid, Tricosane and Hexacosane have been released only from fourth to the eighth day of adult life. Therefore, it seems that female sex pheromone is a combination of these 12 compounds.     

Notes on the biology and ecology of the parasitoids of the poplar clearwing moth, Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rott.) (Lep., Sesiidae) in Bulgaria. II. Eriborus terebrans (Gravenhorst, 1826) (Hym., Ichneumonidae)

The biology and ecology of Eriborus terebrans (Grav.), a parasitoid of the poplar clearwing moth, Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rott.), were studied during the period 1987–98. One-year-old poplar ( Populus spp.) shoots infested with P. tabaniformis larvae were collected from poplar seedlings at 11 localities in Bulgaria and examined in both field and laboratory conditions. Eriborus terebrans was recorded in seven localities as a solitary internal larval parasitoid of P. tabaniformis which developed two generations in early and mid-stage host larvae. Eriborus terebrans overwintered as a larva in P. tabaniformis overwintering larvae. In the field adult parasitoids of the overwintering generation appeared between late April/early May, and June or July. The peak activity of E. terebrans adults only coincided with the beginning of host emergence, which resulted in low levels of parasitism, being no more than 6.2%. Parasitoid adults of the summer generation appeared in late June–mid August. In this period enough larvae of the host were suitable for attacking and parasitism reached 24.4–39% in some cases. The average mortality of P. tabaniformis overwintering larvae caused by this parasitoid in Bulgaria during the period of the study was 4.7%. A significant part of the parasitized P. tabaniformis larvae constructed tunnel structures of frass and silk threads over the external openings of the galleries. It is possible that these structures protect the parasitoid cocoons from natural enemies – hyperparasitoids and predators.     

Notes on the biology and ecology of the parasitoids of the poplar clearwing moth, Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rott.) (Lep., Sesiidae) in Bulgaria. I. Apanteles evonymellae (Bouché, 1834) (Hym., Braconidae)

Aspects of the biology and ecology of Apanteles evonymellae (Bouché), a parasitoid of the poplar clearwing moth, Paranthrene tabaniformis (Rott.), were studied during the period 1987–96. One-year-old poplar ( Populus spp.) shoots infested with P. tabaniformis larvae were collected during the winter months at 11 localities in Bulgaria and examined in the field and laboratory. Apanteles evonymellae was recorded in all areas studied in Bulgaria. The mortality of P. tabaniformis caused by this parasitoid in various regions of Bulgaria varied from 2.4 to 35.4%; the average for the country was 17.3%. Laboratory observations showed that A. evonymellae is a solitary endoparasitoid of the poplar clearwing moth. It develops in early-stage (first- to fourth-instar) host larvae and overwinters as a larva in the host. Apanteles evonymellae is bivoltine, but only the second generation is associated with P. tabaniformis . In the field, adult parasitoids of first generation appear in April about 1 month before the emergence of P. tabaniformis . The longevity of A. evonymellae adults is a maximum of 6 days. Therefore, in the spring, A. evonymellae cannot attack neonate P. tabaniformis larvae and must develop in alternative hosts. Prior to their death the parasitized P. tabaniformis larvae construct conical structures, 'refuges' of frass and silk threads over the external openings of the larval galleries. Apanteles evonymellae pupates in these refuges after the host's death. This modified behaviour of the parasitized host larvae probably protects the pupae of A. evonymellae from hyperparasites and predators.     

Dieback and recovery in poplar and attack by the hornet clearwing moth, Sesia apiformis (Clerck) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)

A survey of 801 poplar trees in central east England in 1999 demonstrated a correlation between crown dieback and infestation by hornet clearwing moth (Sesia apiformis), induced by a period of drought in 1995-1996. To determine whether trees colonised by S. apiformis would subsequently deteriorate and die or whether they could recover despite infestation and damage to the stem, all trees in the original survey were re-assessed in 2001, 2003 and 2005. The repeat surveys showed that trees with 70% or less crown dieback in 1999 replaced their canopy and generally improved by 2005, irrespective of the numbers of S. apiformis in the stem, whereas trees that had 75% or more crown dieback in 1999 either died or declined further. The presence of S. apiformis did not prevent tree recovery, and there was little evidence that infestation slowed the rate of recovery. Populations of S. apiformis, measured in terms of the numbers of adult emergence holes visible in the base of the trees, decreased between 2001 and 2005 at the same time as the amount of dieback visible in the canopy of the poplars markedly decreased. However, the fall in numbers of emergence holes at this time reflected a decline in larval establishment 2-3 years earlier, and indicated that the moth population had responded to a more rapid restoration in the internal state of the trees, which was not reflected immediately by the gradual replacement of dead branches and reduction in dieback symptoms.     

Susceptibility of apple clearwing moth larvae,Synanthedon myopaeformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) to Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum

Apple clearwing moth larvae, Synanthedon myopaeformis (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) were found to be susceptible to infection by two entomopathogenic fungi: an indigenous fungus isolated from S. myopaeformis cadavers and identified as Metarhizium brunneum (Petch); and Beauveria bassiana isolate GHA. In laboratory bioassays, larvae exhibited dose related mortality after exposure to both the M. brunneum and Beauveria bassiana with 7 day LC₅₀'s of 2.9×10⁵ and 3.4×10⁵ spores/mL, respectively. Larval mortalities caused by the two isolates at 1×10⁶ spores/mL were not significantly different and 73% of the M. brunneum-treated, and 76% of the B. bassiana-treated larvae were dead 7 days post treatment, with LT₅₀'s of 5.5 and 5.1 days, respectively.     

刚竹毒蛾的生物学特性及其防治

刚竹毒蛾PantanaphyllostachysaeChao在云南金平 1年发生 3代 ,以卵和初孵幼虫越冬。幼虫群集于龙竹、慈竹、绵竹、苦竹、毛竹、金竹的竹叶背面取食为害 ,气温是影响刚竹毒蛾生长发育的主要因素。防治可采用药剂喷粉、人工刮除虫茧、灯光诱杀等方法 ,防治效果达 92 %。     

粒肩天牛危害对杨树单宁含量的影响

粒肩天牛是福建省杨树的一种新蛀干性害虫,经对杨树受害与未受害、不同危害期、不同品系、不同危害部位单宁含量测定。结果表明：受害植株与健康植株间单宁含量差异显著;不同危害期单宁含量差异极显著,在天牛危害末期和越冬期,受害植株单宁的含量比健康植株增加;不同杨树品种单宁含量变化不同,意大利杨健康植株和受害植株的单宁含量均比欧关杨高;受害植株中远离蛀孔与蛀孔周边的单宁含量未表现出显著差异。杨树受害引起单宁含量的变化,可能是杨树受到危害后的一种应激反应的表现,具有诱导抗虫性,即通过增加单宁的含量来抵御害虫的取食。