不同方法提取组培百里香精油质量及成分的比较分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法、有机溶剂萃取法、CO2超临界萃取法3种提取方法提取组培百里香精油,比较分析精油得率、精油化学成分以及相对含量,以期得出最佳提取方法。结果表明：水蒸气蒸馏法提取的百里香精油得率为O．21％,主要化学成分为：百里酚（36．53％）、间伞花烃（14．13％）、松油烯（8．09％）和石竹烯（4．14％）;有机溶剂萃取法提取的精油得率为0．19％,主要化学成分为：1,2-苯二甲酸-单-2-乙基己基酯（55．23％）、百里酚（873％）、松油烯（5．23％）;CO2超临界萃取法提取的精油得率为0．27％,主要化学成分为：百里酚（26．68％）、3-苯基-2-丙烯酸-甲酯（21．55％）、间伞花烃（9．69％）。从精油得率、精油质量以及精油主要化学成分综合比较3种方法,水蒸气蒸馏法是提取百里香精油的最佳方法。     

百里香精油提取及化学成份鉴定

百里香精油得率为０．３４％,色－质联用仪分析鉴定出６种主要成份,占总量的８２．１７％,其中百里酚和香芹酚含量分别为６１．７％和２７．９％。     

不同岩蔷薇浸膏挥发性致香成分的SED-GC-MS分析研究

采用同时蒸馏-萃取装置分别提取国产及进口岩蔷薇浸膏中挥发性物质,将其进行GC-MS分析。结果显示：国产岩蔷薇浸膏中挥发油含量为10．52％,进口岩蔷薇浸膏中挥发油含量为21．80％。分别从国产及进口岩蔷薇浸膏中鉴定了48种和38种挥发性成分。对比进行感官评价表明：国产岩蔷薇浸膏香气特征明显,具有典型的龙涎香-琥珀膏香香气,但余味欠干净需控制用量谨慎使用。进口岩蔷薇浸膏似经过人工复配,特征明显,与烟草的配伍性表现良好。     

初探薰衣草精油的提取

以薰衣草花穗为实验材料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法和有机溶剂萃取法提取薰衣草精油.通过测定和比较2种方法提取精油的得率和品质,归纳2种方法各自的优缺点并提出改进建议.实验结果表明,水蒸气蒸馏法和有机溶剂萃取法的精油平均得率依次为2.66％和3.92％,精油的外观状态分别为浅黄色油状和棕黄色浸膏状.综合考虑本次探究活动的实验材料和设备条件,结合学生的知识储备情况,得出实施水蒸气蒸馏法更易于获得品质优良的薰衣草精油.     

苹儿香菊精油化学成分研究

苹儿香菊是菊科菊属植物中一个新的栽培品种,是一种新香料和观赏植物。用ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＤＳ方法从其花的精油中鉴定了２６个已知成分,占精油总量的９２．４％;并用ＩＲ、＾１ＨＮＭＲ、ＭＳ从其精油中鉴定了一个属菊香系的主香成分－菊醇。     

粤北阴香不同器官中精油成分研究

采用水蒸汽同步蒸馏法分别对采自粤北的阴香的果、叶、枝条提取精油,并用气质联用仪对所提取的精油进行了成分分析和鉴定。共鉴定了41种成分,主要成分为龙脑（68．5％～73．8％）、芳香醇、丁子香烯、橙花叔醇、榄香烯、柠檬醛、莰烯、葑醇、愈创烯、香叶烯、枞萜、萜品醇、蒎烯等。阴香不同器官（果、叶、枝）中的精油成分及所占比例均有差异。     

茵陈蒿精油化学成分研究

本文对茵陈蒿植物精油,采用ＧＣ／ＭＳ联用仪进行了化学成分研究,从检出的峰值中鉴定出２１种化合物,占样品总量的７３％,主要成分是：反式－－法呢烯占９．９％,甲基异子香酚占９．１％等     

陵零香浸膏的提取及化学成分鉴定

本文对陵零香浸膏进行了提取工艺研究和化学成分鉴定。以５０—７０％的乙醇,在５０—７０℃条件下,提取２—３次,效果最佳。得率可达１２％（占干花重）;浸膏共检出１１种成份,占总量的７１８％。结果表明：陵零时浸膏是一种香型独特的新型香料,可替代枣酊用于烟草香精。     

香木莲花瓣精油的化学成份研究

采用气相色谱——质谱——计算机联用方法分析了香木莲花瓣精油的化学成份。从分离出的83个色谱峰中鉴定出27种化合物,占精油总量的64.696％。     

加拿大一枝黄花精油的化学成分及其抗菌活性

用GC—MS联用技术分析了加拿大一枝黄花（Solidago canadensis L．）精油的化学组成和含量,并测定了精油对6种农业病原真菌的抗菌活性。从加拿大一枝黄花的精油中鉴定出50种成分,占色谱峰总面积的91．08％,（＋）一大拢牛儿烯D（28．64％）、α-蒎烯（15、08％）、柠檬烯（11．80％）为精油的主要成分。抗菌活性研究结果表明,加拿大一枝黄花精油对水稻纹枯病和黄瓜立枯病的抑制作用最强,对番茄灰霉病显示出中等抑制作用,但对番茄早疫病、菜豆炭疽病和葡萄炭疽病的抑制作用很弱。     

小鱼仙草化学成分及资源开发利用研究

对不同产地的小鱼仙草全草精油主要化学成分 :香荆芥酚、百里香酚、β 石竹烯、侧柏酮、异胡薄荷酮、1 ,8 桉叶油素的含量进行对比分析。研究结果表明 :不同地域间植物精油的化学成分存在一定的遗传相似性及差异性 ;不同产地精油含量在不同生育期有一定变化规律。此外 ,种子含丰富的氨基酸 (1 3 .96% )和种类齐全的矿质元素 ;种子油含大量人体必需的亚麻酸 (67.3 6% )和亚油酸 (1 5 .1 2 % )等不饱和脂肪酸 ;全草总黄酮含量为 1 .76%～ 4.1 5 %。为此 ,小鱼仙草的种子和种子油具有较高的营养价值和药用功效 ,其植物资源在食品、香精香料和医药领域具有潜在开发利用的前景。     

THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL FROM THE ROOTS OF VALERIANA OFFICINALIS VAR.LATIFOLIA

Ahstract In order to find the aroma characteritics of Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia, the chemical composition of the essential oil of this plant have been examined. This essential oil was analysed by GC-MS on the Finnigan -4510 instrument. As a resu1t (see Tab1e 1 and Fig. 1 ) 21 compounds were identified. The major components are bornyl acetate (50.56 % ), α-pinene (6.76% ), camphene (16. 17% ), β-pinene (6. 48% ), limonene (1.77% ), carveyl acetate (5.47% ), dihydrocarveyl acetate (1.62%) etc. This essential oil having a delicious aroma shows to be suitable for compounding perfume of cigar and food flavor, and cosmetic flavor too.     

Bioactive Components of Sea Buckthorn <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippophae rhamnoides</Emphasis> L. Foliage

The composition of lipophilic components of sea buckthorn leafy shoots, a large tonnage waste in the production of sea buckthorn oil and during renewing the cultural plantings of sea buckthorn, was studied. Hexane was used as an extraction solvent for raw materials; it provides a high degree of lipophilic component extraction and is an analogue of extraction gasoline used in the food and perfume industries. The chemical composition of the hexane extract of sea buckthorn leafy shoots was studied by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. Sixty-seven neutral and twenty-nine acidic components, including polyprenols, dolichols, triterpene alcohols and acids, sterols, were identified. β-Sitosterol was the main component of the sterol fraction. Its content was 6.9% of the extract mass, which is much higher than in the essential extracts of leaves and pulp of sea buckthorn fruit. It is mostly found in the free form in the extract. The acidic fraction contains highly active triterpene acids (up to 5% of the extract mass) along with the major aliphatic acids. Components with the chain length of 11 and 17 isoprene units predominate in the fraction of polyprenols and dolichols (up to 4.2%). The results allow us to consider sea buckthorn leafy shoots as a promising source of biologically active compounds.     

长白侧柏枝叶精油化学成分分析

长白侧柏枝叶精油化学成分分析戚继忠．孙广仁,杨文胜（南京林业大学,南京２１００３７）（吉林林学院,吉林１３２０１１）孙仁昌,薛峰（吉林省长白森林经营局,吉林１３４４００）关键词长白侧柏;精油;气－质联用;乙酸香芹酯Ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｔｈｅｃｈｅｍｉ...     

贯叶连翘挥发性化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取中草药贯叶连翘(全草)挥发油。通过气相色谱/质谱联用技术测定了挥发油的化学成分,从中鉴定出75种化合物,其中百里香酚、桉油精、丁香油酚等酚类物质为首次检出。结果表明,贯叶连翘因产地不同、部位不同,其挥发油的成分有较大的差别。     

小果蔷薇净油化学成分的研究

从贵州的小果蔷薇(Rosa cymosa Tratt.)花制备净油。用毛细管色谱/质谱/计算机联用方法进行了化学成分分析,鉴定了34个化合物。占净油的93.75％。主要芳香成分为苯甲醇(46.26％).丁香酚(10.02％),苯乙醇(9.17％),肉桂醛(6.87％),苯丙酸乙酯(4.11％)。芳樟醇(3.76％),苯甲酸乙酯(3.19％),柠檬醛(2.07％)等。该油具有特殊芳香。适用于调配化妆品、食品、饮料等香精,具有增香、定香的作用。     

Chemical Characterization,Antioxidant, Antimicrobial,Cytotoxicity and in Silico Studies of Hexane Extract and Essential Oils from Citrus limon Leaves

The present study investigates the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial bioactivities of essential oil and hexane extract from Citrus limon leaves. The isolation of essential oil was carried out using the Clevenger apparatus. The percentage yield of essential oil and hexane extract from Citrus limon leaves was 0.59 and 0.50 %, respectively. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay highlighted that Citrus limon leaves essential oil (CLEO) and hexane extract exhibited the significant antioxidant potential of 69.64 and 67.55 %, respectively, compared to the BHT standard. Similarly, a significant inhibition in linoleic acid peroxidation was recorded in both CLEO (81.93 %) and hexane extract (50.34 %). Characterization of chemical constituents in CLEO and extract was executed using GC/MS, where Limonene was detected as a major compound in CLEO (60.52 %) and hexane extract (73.62 %). The haemolytic activity ranged from 2.46 to 5.75 % revealing negligible cytotoxicity of CLEO and hexane extract. In silico studies agree with the in vitro antimicrobial studies, where vinimalol, taraxasterol, and moretenol present in CLEO showed strong interactions/inhibition against dihydroorotase and DNA gyrase from E. coli, and the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase and DNA gyrase from S. aureus. Based on the current data, it may be concluded that both CLEO and hexane extract possessed significant bioactivities, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, with minimal cytotoxicity.     

Composition of essential oil in genetically transformed roots of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ruta graveolens</Emphasis>

The composition of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from genetically transformed roots of common rue (Ruta graveolens L.) was analyzed. Using gas chromatography and complex gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, it was established that the major component of rue essential oil was a root-specific sesquiterpene geijerene comprising 67% of total amount of volatile compounds. In essential oil of cultured rue roots, furocoumarins characteristic of intact plant roots were found, viz. osthole, halepensin, and rutacultin. The content of essential oil in genetically transformed rue roots was 0.23% of root dry weight, which is comparable with that in the roots of intact plants. The long-term maintenance in the in vitro cultured rue roots of a capability for the synthesis of essential oil major components characteristic of intact plants allows their usage for studying the physiological activity of these volatile compounds and their putative role in the plant root interaction in biocenoses.     

A Preliminary Study on the Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil of Michelia alba Dc.

The white flowers of Michelia alba DC. Are noted for their strong fragrance and they are widely cultivated in South and Southwest China. The essential oil obtained from the flower is used in teaperfuming as well as in making highly prized perfume. Yellowish oil was acquired with 0.24% yield by steamdistillating the flowers. The essential oil was analysed by means of GC/MS/DS. As a result, 24 constituents were identified as follows: methyl 2-methylbutyrate, campbene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, β-myrcene, limonene,. 1,8-cineole, ocimene, △3-carene, o-cymene, α-cubebene, cis-linalool oxide, α-ylangene, trans-linalool oxide, β-cubebene, linalool, cis-caryophyllene, β-selin- erie, δ-cadinene, trans-carveol, methyl, eugenol, β-bisabolene, methyl isoeugenol, isoaristolene.     

细胞破膜对提取植物有效成分得率影响的研究

本文通过真空破膜法对乌头根、银杏叶、红豆杉茎皮及桔子果皮等材料进行细胞破膜处理,然后通过紫外分光光度计、高压液相色谱以及气相色谱等方法分别对其有效成分滇乌碱、银杏黄酮、紫杉醇以及桔皮精油和其精油中柠檬烯等的含量进行了分析。结果表明:滇乌碱得率由0.59％提高到0.81％;银杏叶中黄酮由1.76％提高到1.91％;红豆杉中紫杉醇由0.0139％提高到0.015％,桔皮挥发油由1.310％提高到1.591％,其中柠檬烯的含量由93.26％提高到95.37％。由此可见,对植物样品的细胞膜处理,在提高有效成分提取得率方面具有较显著作用。