热习服对家兔血浆、脑脊液和视前区-下丘脑前区环核苷酸含量的影响

William等认为,cAMP和cGMP对体温起对立平衡的调节作用。本实验通过洲定家兔热习服期间血、脑环核苷酸含量的变化,以观察在环境高温作用下,cAMP和cGMP对机体体温调节功能的影响。 材料和方法 青紫蓝雄性家兔,体重1.68～2.92kg,随机分为     

甲状腺素和甲巯咪唑对大鼠视前区—下丘脑前部中及血清...

The contents of monamine transmitters in preoptic/anterior hypothalamic (PO/AH) area and in the serum of rats injected with thyroxine (T4, 1 mg/100 g body wt/d, for 10 d, hypodermic i.) and fed with methimazolum (10 mg/100 g body wt/d, for 15 d) were assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detector (HPLC-ECD). It was found that the content of dopamine and homovanillic acid in PO/AH area showed significant increase (P less than 0.01) associated with a slight rise (P greater than 0.05) of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and with no change of norepinephrine in the thyroxine group. After fed with methimazolum, the content of norepinephrine decreased significantly (P less than 0.05), but no obvious changes occurred in dopamine, homovanillic acid, 5-HT and 5-HIAA. By synchronous analysing of monamine transmitters in peripheral serum, it was showed that there was no significant linear relationship between the changes of monamine transmitters in the brain and in the serum. The correlation between thyroxine and methimazolum on the content of monamine transmitters and on the change of body temperature was also discussed.     

隔区和第Ⅲ脑室注射精氨酸加压素对家兔视前区—下丘脑前…

为了研究精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）的抗热机理,本研究观察了家兔隔区和第Ⅲ脑室微量注射ＡＶＰ对视前区－下丘脑前部（ＰＯ－ＡＨ）温度敏感神经元放电的影响。结果如下：（１）隔区注射ＡＶＰ能使ＰＯ－ＡＨ热敏神经元放电明显增加,冷敏神经元放电明显减少。（２）第Ⅲ脑室注射ＡＶＰ只能使部分ＰＯ－ＡＨ热敏神经元放电增加,冷敏神经元放电减少;而另外一部分热敏神经元和冷敏神经元则出现相反的效应。实验结果表明,隔区注射ＡＶ     

去甲肾上腺素对冷适应大鼠下丘脑脑片视前区温敏神经元的影响

本工作用离体脑片的方法,观测了去甲肾上腺素（NE）对冷适应大鼠下丘脑视前区（POAH）温敏神经元自发放电活动的影响。结果表明：冷适应大鼠热敏神经元（WS）,冷敏神经元（CS）和非温敏神经元（TI）对NE的敏感性较室温下生活的大鼠显著提高（对NE反应的阈浓度显著降低）;与正常室温组大鼠相比,冷适应大鼠WS中受NE兴奋的神经元比数降低,部分WS出现抑制反应;NE引起抑制反应的CS比数降低,部分CS出现兴奋性反应;而TI中受NE兴奋和抑制的比数皆升高,无反应的神经元比数减少。     

冷适应大鼠脑垂体,下丘脑,脾淋巴细胞和血浆β—内啡肽...

Changes of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) and its mRNA in pituitary (P), hypothalamus (HT), lymphocytes (LC) and blood plasma (BP) during cold acclimation of SD male rats were studied by beta-EP mRNA dot blot, RP-HPLC and beta-EP radio-immunoassay (RIA). Experimental results showed: (1) After cold-exposure for 1 week pituitary beta-EP mRNA increased significantly with the appearance of stimulated cellular immune function. (2) beta-EP mRNA in hypothalamic immune center and peripheral LC increased when cold acclimation of animals was established for a cold exposure of 2 weeks (C2W). (3) From C2W onward, plasma beta-EP also continued to increase, indicating an augmented state of cellular immune function. As LC and plasma beta-EP product continued to show increase, pituitary beta-EP mRNA content recovered to control level from C2W onward possibly due to a feedback mechanism through LC-P-HT axis.     

阉割和睾丸酮替代对雄性老年大鼠下丘脑和血浆促黄体生成...

Hypothalamic and plasma luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) levels following orchidectomy (ORDX) and testosterone (T)-replacement were compared between young (2-3 months old) and aged (24-26 months old) male rats by radioimmunoassay. Plasma T level and hypothalamic LHRH content are markedly decreased in the aged rat as compared to those of the young rat, whereas plasma LHRH levels are similar in the two groups. Following ORDX and ORDX plus T-replacement, plasma T levels in both groups are about the same, whereas the rates of variation of hypothalamic and plasma LHRH levels in the aged rat are significantly lower than those in the young rat. These results suggest that the negative feedback mechanism of the hypothalamic LHRHergic system is impaired in the aged rat, which may be one of the important reasons causing age-dependent deterioration of the functional control of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis.     

隔区和第Ⅲ脑室注射精氨酸加压素对家兔视前区—下丘脑前部温敏神经元放电的影响

为了研究精氨酸加压素（ＡＶＰ）的抗热机理,本研究观察了家兔隔区和第Ⅲ脑室微量注射ＡＶＰ对视前区一下丘脑前部（ＰＯ－ＡＮ）温度敏感神经元放电的影响。结果如下：（１）隔区注射ＡｖＰ能使ＰＯ－ＡＨ热敏神经元放电明显增加,冷敏神经元放电明显减少。（２）第Ⅲ脑室注射ＡＶＰ只能使部分ＰＯ－ＡＨ热敏神经元放电增加,冷敏神经元放电减少;而另外一部分热敏神经元和冷敏神经元则出现相反的效应。实验结果表明,隔区注射ＡＶＰ的抗热作用,可能是由于注射到隔区的ＡＶＰ使该区的神经元活动发生改变,而影响了ＰＯ—ＡＨ温度敏感神经元的活动所致。也提示隔区在体温调节中可能起重要作用。     

电刺激家兔视前区-下丘脑前部对中脑躯体感觉单位的效应

家兔在氯醛糖-尿酯浅麻醉下手术,然后用三碘季胺酚制动。用玻璃微电极寻找中脑内侧网状结构对腓肠神经不同强度的刺激有反应的各种躯体感觉单位。对其中三类单位的活动及强直刺激视前区-下丘脑前部(PO-AH)对它们的影响作了分析。这三类单位是:高阈体感兴奋单位,即“痛”单位,高阈体感抑制单位和低阈体感抑制单位。对一些“痛”单位的位置作了组织学检查。实验结果表明:有16/31的“痛”单位放电受 PO-AH 强直电刺激的影响。在受影响的16个“痛”单位中,呈抑制效应的9个。这种抑制效应有时具有较长的后作用。18/31的“痛”单位的基础放电受 PO-AH 的影响,其中兴奋的10个。电刺激 PO-AH 对5个高阈体感抑制单位均呈加强抑制的效应,对17个低阈抑制单位的影响,也以抑制的居多数。PO-AH 对三类体感单位还有兴奋、兴奋-抑制效应。本文实验结果讨论了:(1)中脑内侧网状结构的“痛”单位。(2)PO-AH 与镇痛及针刺镇痛的关系。(3)PO-AH 对感觉功能的调制。     

烫伤对大鼠下丘脑视上核、室旁核、垂体和血浆内皮素—1含量的影响

内皮素 (ｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉｎ ,ＥＴ)在下丘脑含量很高 ,大鼠下丘脑ＥＴ主要形式是ＥＴ 1,也含有ＥＴ 3。Ｙｏｓｈｉｚａｗａ及蒋应明等报道下丘脑神经元能自身合成和表达ＥＴ 1,主要集中在视上核 (Ｓｕｐｒａｏｐｔｉｃｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ,ＳＯＮ)和室旁核 (ｐａｒａｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒｎｕｃｌｅｕｓ ,ＰＶＮ)部位 ,但其功能意义尚不清楚。ＥＴ对下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴具有调节作用 ,可促进应激情况下ＡＶＰ的释放。烫伤是一种强烈的应激刺激 ,同时又可引起体内渗透压的升高 ,因此推测重度烫伤可能影响下丘脑ＥＴ 1合成和分泌。本实验应…     

损毀大鼠下丘脑室旁核、后区和视前区对折骨所致血浆皮质酮变化的影响

国内外近年工作表明,产生促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子(CRF)的神经元胞体大多数不在内侧基底下丘脑(MBH),而在MBH以外的下丘脑区。但CRF神经元轴突则经过视交叉后区、MBH而到达中隆部和神经叶。电刺激大鼠和狗的下丘脑室旁核(PVH),ACTH释放增加。破坏PVH后,中隆部神经分泌物质减少。许多实验表明,在中隆部释放CRF的轴突末梢可     

甲状腺素和甲巯咪唑对大鼠视前区-下丘脑前部中及血清中单胺类递质的影响

反复皮下注射甲状腺素(T_4,1mg/100g·d,连续10d)和胃饲甲巯咪唑(10mg/100g·d,连续15d)后,用高效液相色谱加电化学检测器(HPLC-EGD)分析了大鼠视前区-下丘脑前部(PO/AH)中单胺神经递质的含量。发现经甲状腺素处理后,PO/AH区中多巴胺(DA)和高香草酸(HVA)含量显著增加,具有统计学意义(P<0.01),5-羟色胺(5-HT)和5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)轻度上升,但无统计学意义(P>0.05),去甲肾上腺素(NE)无明显变化;经甲巯咪唑处理后的动物则出现NE含量显著下降(P<0.05),但DA、HVA、5-HT和5-HIAA各项变化不显著。本文还同步观察了外周血清中单胺介质含量的变化,结果表明其与中枢单胺介质含量变化基本上不同步。本文还讨论了甲状腺素和甲巯咪唑影响单胺介质含量和影响体温变化之间的关系。