热适应兔脑脊液中降温活性组分的初步分离鉴定

生物体在某种特殊环境条件下,经过一定时间适应锻炼就能获得对这种特殊环境的适应能力。杜桂仙等实验证明热适应兔的脑脊液中存在一种具有降温效应的神经活性物质,因此认为这种适应能力可能与体内所产生的某种活性物质有关。对降温活性物质的研究至今尚未见到国内的有关报道。本实验以热适     

春季高寒山区牧草低温保护物质变化与其脱冻适应间关系研究

为了了解牧草低温保护物质与其抗冷冻的关系,在高寒山区测定了几种多年生牧草根中低温保护物质的含量和几种蔗糖酶活力的变化。结果表明,在4月土壤解冻期间,无芒雀麦、花雀麦、垂穗披碱草和草地早熟禾根中的蔗糖含量分别下降了74．1％、66．2％、45．2％和69．6％,果糖含量分别下降了72．0％、38．0％、68．3％和84．6％,葡萄糖含量分别下降了66．7％、62．5％、42．2％和65．2％,脯氨酸含量分别下降了83．0％、51．0％、43．3％和70．6％,可溶性蛋白质变化不大;蔗糖合成酶、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性下降,蔗糖分解酶活性增加,蔗糖分解酶活性是蔗糖合成酶活性的22～35倍,是蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性的55～80倍。研究结果说明,春季牧草萌发时,根中已糖含量的下降是蔗糖分解酶活性增加的结果,根中脯氨酸作为氮的贮藏物质被用于根的呼吸和蛋白质合成。春季牧草根的抗寒能力随着根中低温保护物质的减少而下降,这也说明牧草的低温保护物质和牧草的抗寒性密切相关。     

悬铃木越冬芽在冬季的生理适应

悬铃木越冬芽内可溶性蛋白、酚类含量、{OD活性在10月后逐渐升高,至翌年1月达最高值,此后下降趋势;芽含尜量、O2^-、GSH含量、SOD活性、总抗氧化能力与MDA、脂质过氧化产物等则相反,10月后逐渐下降,翌年1月后又呈升高趋势;GSH含量、SOD活性、总抗氧化能力等的下降幅度远较O2^-含量的下降幅度低。这表明悬铃木越冬芽在冬季可能通过提高芽内可溶性蛋白、酚类等物质含量、POD活性与降低活性氧代谢水平来适应冬季的低温逆境,抗氧化系统对提高越冬芽生理适应能力具有一定作用。     

融合热释放对低温冷冻人骨髓细胞的核酸与酶类活性的影响

本文用定性定量组织细胞化学方法,对冻前及不同降温条件冻存的人骨髓细胞的 DNA、碱性磷酸(ALP)、过氧化物酶(POX)活性进行测定。在程序降温过程中,没有消除融合热的骨髓细胞的 DNA、ALP、POX 活性均显著下降。消除融合热后,冻存骨髓细胞 DNA 活性没有改变,ALP、POX 活性略有下降。因而,融合热的释放是骨髓细胞生物活性下降的重要因素。     

电子显微镜术在遗传工程上的应用

人类对核酸的认识,是与生产和科学的发 展分不开的,由于遗传学和生物化学等技术的 进展,从而积累了大量的资料,确定了各种遗传 活性物质的存在。在电子显微镜制出之前,人 们利用光学显微镜只能在细胞水平上观察到染 色体。在电子显微镜制出之后,已能直接观察 到原核和真核生物的遗传活性物质的超显微结 构,因此电子显微镜技术可用于遗传工程研究。     

热适应形成中的神经化学机制:热适应兔脑室灌流液降低肛温的效应

侧脑室前角和导水管埋有导管的雄性灰兔39只,随机分为供液组和受液组。供液兔经热锻炼适应后在高温和常温下的脑室灌流液,给受液兔进行脑室灌流。结果发现:能使受液兔常温下灌流60min时的肛温降低,分别比灌流人工脑脊液对照低0.5℃和0.4℃;使高温下灌流60min时的肛温上升减慢,分别较对照低0.3℃和0.33℃,与供液兔自身热锻炼适应后所能提高的耐热能力相近。而未热锻炼和初次热应激供液兔的脑室灌流液,对受液兔的肛温无明显影响。这表明热适应后的脑室液中,出现了能诱发未热适应兔产生相似热适应效应的、降低肛温的神经活性物质——致热适应因子(heat acclimato-inducing factor)。从而揭示了在脑中枢的特定部位,存在促进热适应形成的神经化学机制;并讨论了该神经活性物质可能是一种多次。     

海洋分离芽胞杆菌抗白念珠菌活性物质的理化性质及类别

为寻找新型抗真菌活性物质,采用管碟法对7株分离自海洋的芽胞杆菌在不同Na Cl浓度下产生抗白念珠菌活性物质特性、活性物质的耐热性及不同p H值条件下的活性进行了比较,八大溶剂系统纸层析法对活性物质的类别进行了初步鉴定。结果表明,随着Na Cl浓度的变化产生活性物质的量也在变化,Na Cl浓度达7%时均不能产生,但在正常海洋环境盐浓度(Na Cl含量2%~3%)下都产生;活性物质有很强的耐热性和耐酸碱性,说明其较稳定;7株菌产生的抗白念珠菌活性物质均为碱性水溶性抗生素。由于目前临床上抑制人体病原真菌活性物质绝大多数为脂溶性,因而这些芽胞杆菌产生的抗白念珠活性物质有可能为新型物质,此外本研究结果为这些菌株所产生活性物质的分离纯化提供了依据。     

苹果果实香气产生过程中氨基酸和脂肪酸含量及一些相关酶活性的变化

研究了苹果果实成熟期间香气和乙烯的产生动态,以及游离氨基酸、游离脂肪酸含量和脂氧合酶(LOX)、醇-酰基转移酶(AAT)活性的变化.结果表明,果实香气物质是随着乙烯释放的增加而产生和增加的.在此过程中,异亮氨酸大量积累.游离脂肪酸在果实香气很少时呈增加趋势;随着香气产生的增多而迅速下降;乙烯高峰过后又有增加.脂氧合酶活性随着果实成熟而提高,其活性在乙烯释放达到高峰时达到最大值,之后迅速下降.醇-酰基转移酶活性在果实开始产生香气时迅速增加,之后保持较高活性.     

海洋微生物活性物质研究进展

由于海洋环境的特殊性和多样性,海洋生物产生了与陆地生物不同的代谢途径和防御体系,分泌出多种结构新颖、活性特异的物质,如抗生素、抗肿瘤活性物质、酶等,这些活性物质在化工、医药、食品以及生命科学等领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文主要介绍了海洋微生物活性物质的主要类型及研究现状。     

自交对白菜型冬油菜生理生化特性及抗寒性的影响

为了解自交对白菜型冬油菜后代生理生化特性及抗寒性的影响,以6份白菜型冬油菜为材料,研究了在越冬降温前与降温后,自交和开放授粉后代植株叶片生理生化指标及越冬率的变化。结果表明:(1)除MDA含量外,无论是降温前还是降温后,白菜型冬油菜自交后代植株叶片中的SOD、CAT、POD的活性以及可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量都较开放授粉表现出不同程度的降低,其幼苗越冬率也较开放授粉植株显著降低。(2)与降温前相比,降温后所有测定指标在两种授粉方式后代中都表现为上升的趋势,其中以CAT活性变化最为显著。研究认为,自交会使白菜型冬油菜后代植株叶片中保护酶活性及可溶性蛋白和游离脯氨酸含量明显降低,MDA含量升高,导致幼苗的越冬率显著下降,进而引起其植株抗寒性减弱。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.