血清二胺氧化酶活性测定对判断肠缺血患者预后的应用价值

目的 探讨血清二胺氧化酶（DAO）监测对判断肠缺血患者预后的应用价值,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法 2019年2月至2020年10月,采用血清DAO作为肠道屏障功能评估指标,选取我院收治的50例肠缺血患者作为试验组,连续监测试验组患者治疗前2 h和治疗后第3天、第5天、第7天的肠道屏障功能状况;选取同期我院50例非肠道疾病患者作为对照组,在临床治疗前检测其肠道屏障功能状况。结果 试验组患者治疗前2 h血清DAO水平为（21.261±4.101）U/L。与治疗前2 h相比,治疗后第3天、第5天、第7天患者血清DAO水平均显著下降,差值分别为（5.504±0.609）U/L(t=2.385, P=0.011)、（10.697±0.661）U/L(t=11.560, P<0.001)和（13.383±0.585）U/L(t=12.663, P<0.001)。试验组患者血清DAO水平在治疗前2 h最高,治疗后第3天显著回落,治疗后第7天恢复至（7.878±1.033）U/L,而对照组患者血清DAO水平为（7.529±10.165）U/L,二者差异无统计学意义（t=1.584,P=...     

梗阻性黄疸大鼠胆汁内、外引流术后血浆二胺氧化酶活性变化与肠粘膜屏障变化的相关性研究

目的:探讨梗阻性黄疸大鼠行胆汁内、外引流术后血浆二胺氧化酶的活性变化与肠粘膜屏障的关系。方法:取健康成年雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为四组:梗阻性黄疸组(OJ)、胆汁外引流组(ED)、胆汁内引流组(ID)及假手术对照组(SH),各组均15只;SH组、OJ组在术后第7天处死大鼠并采集标本,ID组、ED组于引流术后7天处死大鼠并采集标本,检测各组大鼠血浆DAO的活性,光镜下观察末端回肠组织粘膜形态学变化。结果:OJ组大鼠肠粘膜损伤明显,粘膜变薄、绒毛稀疏、上皮完整性受到破坏并伴有炎性细胞浸润,ID、ED组大鼠肠粘膜有不同程度的恢复,ID组更接近SH组;OJ组血浆DAO水平显著升高,明显高于SH、ID、ED组(8.183±0.211 vs 3.570±0.280、3.978±0.269、5.051±0.328 U/L,P0.01),ID组较ED组下降更明显,二者差异有统计学意义(P0.01),ID组血浆DAO水平略高于SH组,二者差异无统计学意义(P0.05);各组血浆DAO变化与肠粘膜组织病理学变化一致。结论:胆汁内、外引流术可降低梗阻性黄疸大鼠血浆DAO水平,内引流术效果优于外引流术;血浆DAO的变化可反映梗黄大鼠肠粘膜屏障损伤及修复情况。     

分光光度法测定血和小肠组织二胺氧化酶活性

本研究应用分光光度法,测定了健康人血,大鼠小肠组织和血二胺氧化酶（ＤＡＯ）活世。本法简便、经济、速度快、重复性好,测定ＤＡＯ活性,能反应小肠结构和功能情况,对实验和临床均有实用价值。     

烫伤大鼠小肠组织和血二胺氧化酶活性的变化

存在于小肠粘膜绒毛的二胺氧化酶(DAO)能反映小肠结构和功能的状况。创(烧)伤后小肠粘膜的结构和功能受损可能是导致肠源性感染的原因之一。我们的实验目的为通过测定小肠组织和血DAO的活性,了解烫伤后小肠功能的变化及其和血浆DAO变化的关系,为临床诊治提供依据。     

创伤后血二胺氧化酶的变化与肠粘膜损伤

探讨创伤感染对肠道屏障功能的影响。以山羊、大鼠手术+失血再灌注+内毒素(LPS),大鼠肠缺血再灌注和犬低温枪伤多种创伤动物为模型,测定血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性,并测定血乳酶、TNF和LPS含量。观察小肠病理形态改变。结果:失血再灌注后血浆DAO水平显著升高,给予内毒素后山羊血DAO水平再度升高。血浆DAO的变化与血乳酸,TNF和LPS变化呈高度相关(r=0.872,0.842和0.817,p<0.01)。光、电镜检查表明肠粘膜损伤,失血再灌注损伤可致肠粘膜屏障功能损伤,测定血浆DAO活性变化对判断小肠粘膜损伤有帮助     

重症急性胰腺炎患者肠黏膜屏障损伤与血清二胺氧化酶和TLR9水平及肠道菌群和其代谢产物的相关性

探究重症急性胰腺炎患者肠黏膜屏障损伤与血清二胺氧化酶（DAO）、Toll样受体9（TLR9）水平及肠道菌群和其代谢产物的相关性,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。

选取2020年1月至2022年1月在我院进行诊疗的急性胰腺炎患者107例为研究组,根据其病情严重程度将其分为轻中症组（n=51）和重症组（n=56）。另选同期50例在我院进行健康体检的志愿者纳入对照组。比较各组对象不同时间点的血清DAO和TLR9水平、肠黏膜屏障损伤指标（内毒素、D-乳酸、乳果糖/甘露醇比值）、肠道菌群情况及肠道菌群代谢产物水平。

与对照相比较,研究组患者的血清DAO、TLR9、内毒素、D-乳酸水平和乳果糖/甘露醇比值以及肠道肠球菌、酵母菌数量均显著升高,肠道双歧杆菌、消化球菌、乳杆菌数量以及丙酸、丁酸、乙酸水平均显著降低（均P＜0.05）。重症组和轻中症组患者入院24 h、48 h、72 h时的血清DAO、TLR9水平呈现为先升高后降低的趋势,且重症组患者各时间点的血清DAO、TLR9水平均高于轻中症组（均P＜0.05）。重症组和轻中症组患者入院24 h、48 h、72 h时的内毒素、D-乳酸水平及乳果糖/甘露醇比值均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,且重症组患者各时间点的内毒素、D-乳酸水平及乳果糖/甘露醇比值均高于轻中症组（均P＜0.05）。患者内毒素水平与DAO、TLR9水平、双歧杆菌、消化球菌、乳杆菌、乙酸、丁酸水平均呈正相关（均P＜0.05）,与肠球菌、酵母菌数量均呈负相关（均P＜0.05）,与丙酸水平无显著相关性（P＞0.05）。患者D-乳酸水平与双歧杆菌、消化球菌、乳杆菌、乙酸、丁酸、肠球菌、酵母菌水平均无显著相关性（P＞0.05）,与DAO、TLR9、丙酸水平均呈正相关（均P＜0.05）。乳果糖/甘露醇比值与双歧杆菌、消化球菌、乳杆菌、乙酸水平均呈负相关（均P＜0.05）,与DAO、TLR9、酵母菌、丁酸水平均呈正相关（均P＜0.05）,与丙酸水平无显著相关性（P＞0.05）。

重症急性胰腺炎患者肠黏膜屏障损伤更重,血清DAO、TLR9、内毒素、D-乳酸水平及乳果糖/甘露醇比值均显著升高,同时患者的肠黏膜屏障损伤程度与其血清DAO、TLR9水平、肠道菌群数量及代谢产物水平具有相关性。

     

感染束顶病后香蕉过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶活性变化

香蕉束顶病株的过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶的活性变化均呈单峰曲线,两者在香蕉束顶病毒侵染前期被诱导活性显著提高,接种后２１和２８ｄ最高,４２ｄ后则都比健株低,侵染前期ＢＢＴ在体内的运转受抑,接种叶在接种后２８ｄ病毒含量提高,而顶叶则在３ｄ后为最高。     

肠缺血-再灌流大鼠血浆二胺氧化酶活性的变化与肠损伤的关系

观察并探讨了肠缺血 -再灌流大鼠血浆二胺氧化酶 (DAO)活性的变化规律及其与肠损伤相关指标变化的关系。结果显示 ,肠缺血 -再灌流过程中血浆DAO活性呈双峰升高 :第一峰在肠缺血期 ,时相上早于血浆内毒素 (LPS)和D -乳酸的升高 ;第二峰在再灌流后 2h ,在肠损伤相关指标变化的峰值之后。结果提示 ,肠粘膜上皮细胞和 (或 )肠屏障受到缺血和再灌流二次损伤的打击 ;血浆DAO活性作为反映肠损伤的指标特异性强、灵敏度高 ,在临床上对病程判断及并发症的防治有一定的指导意义。     

肠缺血-再灌流大鼠血浆二胺氧化酶活性的变化与肠损伤的关系

观察并探讨了肠缺血 -再灌流大鼠血浆二胺氧化酶 (DAO)活性的变化规律及其与肠损伤相关指标变化的关系。结果显示 ,肠缺血 -再灌流过程中血浆DAO活性呈双峰升高 :第一峰在肠缺血期 ,时相上早于血浆内毒素 (LPS)和D -乳酸的升高 ;第二峰在再灌流后 2h ,在肠损伤相关指标变化的峰值之后。结果提示 ,肠粘膜上皮细胞和 (或 )肠屏障受到缺血和再灌流二次损伤的打击 ;血浆DAO活性作为反映肠损伤的指标特异性强、灵敏度高 ,在临床上对病程判断及并发症的防治有一定的指导意义。     

急性冷胁迫对中华鳖幼鳖肠道黏膜组织的影响

为了探究急性冷胁迫对中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)幼鳖肠道不同区段黏膜组织学特征的影响, 实验检测了急性冷胁迫前后血清二胺氧化酶(Diamine oxidase, DAO)的活性, 同时观察了急性冷胁迫前后中华鳖肠道黏膜的相关组织形态的差异。DAO活性显示: (1)在第一次急性冷胁迫实验中, 中华鳖血清DAO活性随急性冷胁迫时间的增加而呈现降低趋势, 并在冷胁迫到达48h降到了最低水平; (2)在急性冷胁迫及复温实验中, 中华鳖血清DAO的活性, 在冷胁迫3d后显著降低, 但随着温度的恢复, DAO活性又恢复到正常水平。组织病理结果显示: (1)急性冷胁迫对中华鳖肠道(回肠后段和大肠)黏膜上皮的形态没有明显影响; (2)急性冷胁迫对回肠后段的杯状细胞数目、肠绒毛长度和绒毛长度/隐窝深度的比值没有显著影响, 但会使回肠后段黏膜厚度显著降低; (3)急性冷胁迫会使大肠的杯状细胞数目降低。这表明急性冷胁迫会改变中华鳖肠道黏膜的结构, 但在不同的肠段, 这种改变是不同的。回肠后段和大肠在同样的冷胁迫方式下黏膜机械屏障的不同变化情况, 提示中华鳖肠道各段对急性冷胁迫具有特殊的应对方式。     

Effect of Sub-deficient Zinc Status on Insulin Sensitivity after Burn Injury in Rats

Although zinc status is an important parameter in insulin sensitivity, data concerning its implication in noxious burn-induced insulin resistance are scarce. The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of zinc status before burn on the recovery of injury with focus on plasma insulin and glucose levels. The experiment was performed in male adult Wistar rats fed from weaning with a zinc normal diet (80 ppm) or a depleted zinc diet (10 ppm) for 8 weeks and burned to third degree on 20% of their total body surface area. Blood and tissue samples were collected 3, 6, and 24 h after injury in order to study biochemical parameters and the glucose/insulin response in relation with the zinc status. After burn, zinc-depleted rats presented an exacerbated decrease in plasma zinc level. In addition, the burn-induced insulin resistance, leading to protein catabolism, was emphasized, with higher plasma insulin, glucose, and leptin levels in zinc-deficient animals versus normal-fed rats. Our experimental results underlined the interest to early control the zinc status in order to limit the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and insulin resistance in burned patients.     

Polyamine Oxidase Activity in Sera of Depressed and Schizophrenic Patients after ECT Treatment

High level of polyamine oxidase activity is detected in sera of depressed as well as in schizophrenic patients. ECT treatment of depressed and schizophrenic patients reduced significantly the level of polyamine oxidase activity in their sera. After ECT treatment, clinically improved depressed and schizophrenic subjects were found to have sera polyamine oxidase activity not significantly differ from that of normal subjects. Possible biochemical mechanisms, which link polyamine oxidase activity, schizophrenia, depression and ECT effect are discussed here.     

Cytochrome Oxidase Activity in Blastocladiella emersonii

Studies of cytochrome oxidase in isolated mitochondria of Blastocladiella emersonii Cant. and Hyatt show that the enzyme was present in zoospores and throughout the development of ordinary colorless sporangia and of resistant sporangia. The enzyme activity was present in KCl, NaCl, NH₄Cl, and KHCO₃ induced resistant sporangia, and was shown to be as active or more active than the enzyme found in ordinary colorless sporangia and zoospores. Interfering substances causing difficulties in the measurement of cytochrome oxidase activity were found in whole cell homogenates of KHCO₃ grown resistant sporangia, but not in KCl, NaCl, or NH₄Cl grown thalli. These substances could be removed by dialysis or by sedimentation of the mitochondria.     

Calcium and Ammonia Stimulate Monoamine Oxidase A Activity in Brain Mitochondria

The effect of ammonia and calcium on the activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) was studied. The enzyme activity in nonsynaptic brain mitochondria isolated from the rats treated with ammonium acetate was estimated from the release of H₂O₂using spectrophotometry. The effect of calcium on MAO was assayed directly after adding Ca²⁺to the nonsynaptic mitochondria isolated from the forebrain of control rats. Both ammonium acetate injectionin vivoand Ca²⁺additionin vitrostimulated the activity of MAO A but not that of MAO B in mitochondria. This is the first evidence for ammonia and Ca²⁺regulation of MAO A in the forebrain nonsynaptic mitochondria and for their contribution to oxidative stress in the neurons via MAO A activation.     

A Novel STS Marker for Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in Bread Wheat

The enzyme activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in grain has been related to undersirable brown discoloration of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based end-products, particularly for Asian noodles. Breeding wheat cultivars with low PPO activity is the best approach to reduce the undesirable darkening. Molecular markers could greatly improve selection efficiency in breeding programs. Based on the sequences of PPO genes (GenBank Accession Numbers AY596268, AY596269 and AY596270) conditioning PPO activity during kernel development, 28 pairs of primers were designed using the software ‘DNAMAN’. One of the markers from AY596268, designated as PPO18, can amplify a 685-bp and an 876-bp fragment in the cultivars with high and low PPO activity, respectively. The difference of 191-bp size was detected in the intron region of the PPO gene. The STS marker PPO18 was mapped to chromosome 2AL using a DH population derived from a cross Zhongyou 9507× CA9632, a set of nulli-tetrasomic lines and ditelosomic line 2AS of Chinese Spring. QTL analysis indicated that the PPO gene co-segregated with the STS marker PPO18 and is closely linked to Xgwm312 and Xgwm294 on chromosome 2AL, explaining 28–43% of phenotypic variance for PPO activity across three environments. A total of 233 Chinese wheat cultivars and advanced lines were used to validate the correlation between the polymorphic fragments of PPO18 and grain PPO activity. The results showed that PPO18 is a co-dominant, efficient and reliable molecular marker for PPO activity and can be used in wheat breeding programs targeted for noodle quality improvement.     

Change in Mutagenic Activity of Genistein after a Nitrite Treatment

This study examined the mutagenic activity of genistein after a nitrite treatment under acidic conditions. Nitrite-treated genistein exhibited mutagenic activity toward Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 100 and TA 98 with or without S9 mix. Nitrite-treated genistein was demonstrated by electron spin resonance to generate radicals. An instrumental analysis showed 3'-nitro-genistein to have been formed in the reaction mixture. However, 3'-nitro-genistein did not exhibit mutagenic activity toward the S. typhimurium strains, suggesting that other mutagens might also have been formed in the reaction mixture. The clastogenic properties of nitrite-treated genistein and 3'-nitro-genistein were examined by a micronucleus test with male ICR mice. Nitrite-treated genistein and 3'-nitro-genistein showed a significantly higher frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes in mice than in the control group. These results suggest that a daily oral intake of genistein and nitrite through foodstuffs might induce the formation of various mutagenic compounds in the body.     

烧伤后大鼠肠道菌群的改变及其易位

本文报告了25％烧伤后注射免疫抑制剂(地寨米松磷酸钠)大鼠7种肠道细菌的定量、内脏及血液的细菌培养和肠壁的病理形态学改变。单纯烧伤组(B组)和单纯注射免疫抑制剂组(Ⅰ组)动物肠壁的病理改变较轻,肠道菌群改变不明显,其肠道细菌易位率也很低。烧伤后注射免疫抑制剂的动物(BⅠ组)肠壁病变严重,肠道菌群改变明显。其中,肠杆菌在回肠、盲肠,结肠内容物中的菌量均明显升高;回肠内容物中拟杆菌的菌量明显减少;该组动物肠道细菌易位率也明显增高,达60％。此外,BⅠ组、Ⅰ组部分动物发生了由棒状杆菌及由棒状扦菌和肠杆菌混合引起的内源性感染。根据不同肠段肠壁病变严重程度、菌群变化的部位以及不同部位肠管生理功能的不同,我们推测,回肠以上肠段是肠道细菌易位的主要部位。     

A Smartphone App and Cloud-Based Consultation System for Burn Injury Emergency Care

Background

Each year more than 10 million people worldwide are burned severely enough to require medical attention, with clinical outcomes noticeably worse in resource poor settings. Expert clinical advice on acute injuries can play a determinant role and there is a need for novel approaches that allow for timely access to advice. We developed an interactive mobile phone application that enables transfer of both patient data and pictures of a wound from the point-of-care to a remote burns expert who, in turn, provides advice back.

Methods and Results

The application is an integrated clinical decision support system that includes a mobile phone application and server software running in a cloud environment. The client application is installed on a smartphone and structured patient data and photographs can be captured in a protocol driven manner. The user can indicate the specific injured body surface(s) through a touchscreen interface and an integrated calculator estimates the total body surface area that the burn injury affects. Predefined standardised care advice including total fluid requirement is provided immediately by the software and the case data are relayed to a cloud server. A text message is automatically sent to a burn expert on call who then can access the cloud server with the smartphone app or a web browser, review the case and pictures, and respond with both structured and personalized advice to the health care professional at the point-of-care.

Conclusions

In this article, we present the design of the smartphone and the server application alongside the type of structured patient data collected together with the pictures taken at point-of-care. We report on how the application will be introduced at point-of-care and how its clinical impact will be evaluated prior to roll out. Challenges, strengths and limitations of the system are identified that may help materialising or hinder the expected outcome to provide a solution for remote consultation on burns that can be integrated into routine acute clinical care and thereby promote equity in injury emergency care, a growing public health burden.     

低氧胁迫下黄瓜根系细胞壁结合态多胺氧化酶活性变化及测定方法的确立

提出了细胞壁上PAO检测方法,并对低氧胁迫下黄瓜根系细胞壁结合态PAO的灵敏性、pH值范围、底物依赖性以及取样部位进行了测定。结果表明,检测时取根中部或基部为好,提取液pH值为6．5,启动底物为Spm或Put Spd Spm。低氧处理后PAO活性一开始下降,在第3天时处于上升趋势,第8天达最大值,此后虽下降,但一直高于对照,与游离态PAO活性变化趋势一致,但活性要高10倍以上,表明PAO活性绝大部分定位于细胞壁上。