共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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吗啡在疼痛治疗中广泛应用,但其长期使用可以导致耐受,这大大影响了其临床应用价值,吗啡耐受是临床亟待解决的问题。研究发现大麻素受体2(cannabinoid receptor 2,CB2受体)参与吗啡耐受的发生与发展。CB2受体选择性激活剂与吗啡联合使用,可以减弱吗啡诱导产生的痛觉过敏和异常疼痛,抑制吗啡耐受的发生与发展。激活CB2受体抑制吗啡耐受的机制尚未明确,本文将就CB2受体在吗啡耐受中作用的研究现状作一综述。 相似文献
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植物抗寒性与抗寒基因的表达和调控 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
综合概述了国内外有关植物抗寒机理的研究动态,主要讨论了抗寒基因的表达与调控在植物抗寒性中的反应。此外,亦提出了有关植物抗寒机制研究领域值得深入研讨的问题。 相似文献
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耐寒性的高低极大程度上影响螨类的越冬存活以及分布扩散情况。螨类耐寒性评估的主要指标是过冷却点以及低温胁迫下的致死温度和致死时间。螨类耐寒性通常具有可塑性,不同发育时期、滞育、季节变化以及冷驯化均会影响耐寒性,而耐寒性的变化涉及复杂的分子水平以及生理生化物质的变化。本文简要介绍了目前评估螨类耐寒性的生物学指标以及影响螨类的耐寒性的因素,总结了螨类耐寒性变化所涉及的生理生化和分子机制,探讨了目前螨类耐寒性需要进一步研究的科学问题,并对螨类耐寒性研究的生态学意义进行了展望。以期对螨类耐寒性的深入研究提供参考,促进害螨的综合防治和天敌捕食螨的开发利用。 相似文献
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吗啡是临床上常用的一种阿片类镇痛药物,广泛用于治疗各种类型疼痛,但是长期应用吗啡会造成吗啡耐受,从而限制了吗啡的临床应用。吗啡耐受的机制十分复杂,近年来的研究表明下行疼痛易化系统参与了吗啡耐受,本文拟对近年来此方面的研究进行综述。 相似文献
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Moshe Tal 《Plant and Soil》1985,89(1-3):199-226
Summary An interdisciplinary approach to breeding for stress tolerance in plants has gained considerable recognition in the past few years. Accordingly, this article presents a synthesis of the genetic, physiological, and ecological aspects of salt tolerance in plants. An understanding of these aspects and the interrelationships between them is essential for an efficient breeding program.A significant part of the presentation concentrates on the basic problems associated with the genetics of tolerance to stresses and of quantitative characters in general, since many of the unsolved problems relevant to the genetics of salt tolerance are still general. Significant progress in the breeding of quantitative as well as qualitative traits in multicellular organisms depends on an understanding of the genetic and epigenetic dimensions of gene action. The discussion therefore includes an overview of (1) the limited existing knowledge on the genetic control of salt tolerance and (2) the physiological mechanisms and molecular targets central to the control of salt resistance as expressed by the amount and stability of yield.An additional subject emphasized here concerns the main strategies of adaptation of wild species to their natural habitats. An understanding of them is essential to (1) enable distinction between traits that can increase agricultural yield and traits that are favorable only for survival under natural conditions (such a distinction is essential, especially when wild species are used as a gene source), and (2) predict the best combinations of characters for efficient agricultural production in stressful environments. 相似文献
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植物耐盐基因工程研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
盐害是影响植物生长和作物产量的主要因素之一。用于提高植物耐盐性的基因工程方法很多,最常见的就是在植物中过量表达抗盐相关的功能基因,包括植物信号传导蛋白基因、植物离子通道蛋白基因和合成小分子渗透剂的酶基因等。归纳了近年来植物耐盐基因工程的研究进展,并展望了植物耐盐基因工程的研究前景。 相似文献
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Molecular mapping of genomic regions underlying barley yellow dwarf tolerance in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zhu S Kolb FL Kaeppler HF 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,106(7):1300-1306
Barley yellow dwarf (BYD) is one of the most important viral diseases in small grains, including oat (Avena sativa L.). Breeding for BYD tolerance is an effective and efficient means to control the disease. Characterization of major sources of tolerance, and identification of marker and the trait associations, will directly benefit breeding for BYD tolerance. Genomic regions underlying BYD tolerance were mapped and characterized in an oat population consisting of 152 recombinant inbred lines from the cross of 'Ogle' (tolerant)/MAM17-5 (sensitive). Tolerance was evaluated in replicated field trials across 2 years under artificial inoculation with viruliferous aphids harboring BYD virus isolate PAV-IL. Composite interval mapping was used for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) analysis with a framework map consisting of 272 molecular markers. Four QTLs, BYDq1, BYDq2, BYDq3 and BYDq4, for BYD tolerance were identified on linkage groups OM1, 5, 7 and 24, respectively. All but BYDq2 were consistently detected across both years. Significant epistasis was found between some QTLs. The final model including the epistatic effect explained 50.3 to 58.2% of the total phenotypic variation for BYD tolerance. Some QTLs for BYD tolerance were closely linked to QTLs for plant height and days to heading. Potential problems with QTL mapping for BYD tolerance have been discussed. The identified association of markers and tolerance should be useful to pyramid favorable alleles for BYD tolerance into individual oat lines. 相似文献
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Currently, composite tissue allografts are applied only occasionally as a reconstructive option in the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery. Composite tissue allografts offer a unique potential for coverage of large multitissue defects. However, compared with the relatively homogenous tissue of solid organ transplants, the heterogenicity of tissue components of composite tissue allografts may generate high immunologic responses. Modern immunosuppressive agents significantly improve successful allograft acceptance. However, chronic allograft rejection and immunosuppressive drug toxicity are still major problems in the clinical practice of transplantation. The major goals of transplantation immunology are (1) to develop tolerance to allograft transplants and (2) long-term drug-free survival. A number of experimental protocols were designed to develop tolerance; however, none of them has been proven to induce tolerance in clinical transplantation. In this article, the authors outline the mechanisms of allograft acceptance and rejection and barriers to transplantation tolerance. Novel immunosuppressive protocols are discussed in this review. This basic immunologic knowledge of allograft acceptance and rejection will allow plastic surgeons to apply composite tissue allograft transplants to plastic and reconstructive surgery. 相似文献
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Soils that contain toxic amounts of minerals or are deficient in essential plant nutrients are widespread globally and seriously
constrain rice production. New methods are necessary to incorporate the complex adaptive traits associated with tolerance
of these abiotic stresses, while simultaneously retaining the high yield potential of rice varieties when conditions are favorable.
Significant progress in the genetic characterization of stress response pathways and recent advances in genomics have provided
powerful tools for in-depth dissection of tolerance mechanisms. Additionally, tolerance of most of these abiotic stresses
in rice is controlled by a few QTLs with large effects despite the intricacy of the numerous traits involved. Genetic dissection
of these QTLs and their incorporation into high-yielding varieties will significantly enhance and stabilize rice productivity
in these problem soils. Current efforts at IRRI and in rice breeding programs worldwide are seeking to explore diverse germplasm
collections and genetically dissect the causal mechanisms of tolerance to facilitate their use in breeding. This review focuses
on salinity and P and Zn deficiency as the major problems encountered in rice soils, and examines current understanding of
the mechanisms involved and efforts toward germplasm improvement. 相似文献
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耐盐转基因植物研究进展 总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36
高盐是限制作物生长、发育和产量的最严重的非生物胁迫之一。长期以来,改善作物的耐盐性一直是一个伟大的目标。然而,由于耐盐反应是一个极为复杂的过程,过去,通过传统的育种和遗传工程取得的成功有限。近十年来,由于分子生物学的发展,发现了一些与耐盐相关的新基因,对于这些基因的表达方式及其在耐盐反应中的作用已逐步得到了解,这为转基因工程提供了新的材料。通过控制耐盐相关基因在植物体内的表达,已获得了一些提高耐盐性的转基因植物,展示了诱人的前景,但该领域研究仍然存在许多困难和问题,文章重点讨论耐盐转基因植物的进展。 相似文献
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Hammerman MR 《Organogenesis》2010,6(4):270-275
Transplantation therapy for humans is limited by insufficient availability of donor organs and outcomes are complicated by the toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs. Xenotransplantation is a strategy to overcome supply problems. Implantation of tissue obtained early during embryogenesis is a way to reduce immunogenicity of transplants. Insulin-producing cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas obtained very early following initiation of organogenesis [embryonic day 28 (E28)] engraft long-term in non-immune suppressed diabetic rats or rhesus macaques. Recently, we demonstrated engraftment of morphologically similar cells originating from adult porcine islets of Langerhans (islets) in rats previously transplanted with E28 pig pancreatic primordia. Our findings are consistent with induction of tolerance to a cell component of porcine islets induced by previous transplantation of embryonic pig pancreas, a phenomenon we designate organogenetic tolerance. Induction of organogenetic tolerance to porcine islets in humans with diabetes mellitus would enable the use of pigs as islet donors with no host immune suppression requirement. Adaptation of methodology for transplanting embryonic organs other than pancreas so as to induce organogenetic tolerance would revolutionize transplantation therapy. 相似文献
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《Organogenesis》2013,9(4):270-275
Transplantation therapy for humans is limited by insufficient availability of donor organs and outcomes are complicated by the toxicity of immunosuppressive drugs. Xenotransplantation is a strategy to overcome supply problems. Implantation of tissue obtained early during embryogenesis is a way to reduce immunogenicity of transplants. Insulin-producing cells originating from embryonic pig pancreas obtained very early following initiation of organogenesis [embryonic day 28 (E28)] engraft long-term in non-immune suppressed diabetic rats or rhesus macaques. Recently, we demonstrated engraftment of morphologically similar cells originating from adult porcine islets of Langerhans (islets) in rats previously transplanted with E28 pig pancreatic primordia. Our findings are consistent with induction of tolerance to a cell component of porcine islets induced by previous transplantation of embryonic pig pancreas, a phenomenon we designate organogenetic tolerance. Induction of organogenetic tolerance to porcine islets in humans with diabetes mellitus would enable the use of pigs as islet donors with no host immune suppression requirement. Adaptation of methodology for transplanting embryonic organs other than pancreas so as to induce organogenetic tolerance would revolutionize transplantation therapy. 相似文献