Two new species of harpacticoid copepod from the South Orkney Islands, Antarctica, and a redescription of Idyellopsis typica Lang (Tisbidae)

Two new species of harpacticoid copepod belonging to the families Ameiridae and Ancorabolidae are fully described and illustrated. Pseudameria signyensis sp. nov. is very similar to P. crassicomis Sars but is distinguished from it by the presence of an extra seta on the inner border of the terminal segment of the endopodite of the fourth swimming leg. Laophontodes macropodia sp. nov. is distinguishable from all other species in the genus by the setal formula of the first four swimming legs but more particularly by the unique shape of the fifth leg. Idyellopsis typica Lang is by far the most abundant harpacticoid inhabiting sublittoral fine sand in Borg Bay, Signy Island, Antarctica. The female of this species is redescribed and the male described and illustrated for the first time.     

Hydnocarpus sharmae (Flacourtiaceae), a new species from Andaman Islands, India

A new species, Hydnocarpus sharmae (Flacourtiaceae) from North Andaman, India is described and illustrated.     

Geranium hanaense (Geraniaceae), a new species from Maui,Hawaiian Islands

Geranium hanaense, a new species endemic to two small montane bogs (20 ha total) on northeast Haleakala, Maui, Hawaiian Islands, is described. This new species is postulated to have evolved from the high elevation xeromorphic species,G. cuneatum, in a fashion similar to that of the two other bogGeranium species. The ecology and evolution of HawaiianGeranium species, includingG. hanaense, are discussed.     

Dorymenia troncosoi sp. nov. (Mollusca Solenogastres: Proneomeniidae), a new species from the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica)

During the Spanish oceanographic expedition BENTART '95, carried out in Antarctic waters off Livingston Island (South Shetland Islands), five small specimens of a new species of Solenogastres-Cavibelonia, Dorymenia troncosoi sp. nov., were collected at a depth of 65–240 m on a silt bottom. The species is characterized by the presence of a pallial cavity with four pouches (a dorsal, two lateral and a ventral pouch), seminal receptacles that open into the spawning ducts through a short duct, radula having 9–11 teeth per row (1 central and 4–5 lateral, all the same size), the end of the copulatory spicules having a cross-section in the shape of a four-pointed star, and abdominal spicules present. These characteristics separate this species from other species of the genus, particularly from Dorymenia profunda, which is the most similar. Received: 9 April 1998 / Accepted: 12 June 1998     

Helianthemum scopulicolum (Cistaceae), a new species from Majorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)

Rupicolous plants coming from a single Balearic locality are described as a new species, Helianthemum scopulicolum . The plant is diploid (2n=20) and belongs to Helianthemum subgenus Helianthemum sect. Helianthemum . On morphological grounds, Helianthemum scopulicolum is related to some members of the H. apenninum aggregate, notably H. apenninum s.l., H. asperum and H. violaceum . However, the new species can be distinguished on the basis of leaves green, shining, glabrescent on the adaxial surface, deciduous short bracts, glabrescent inner sepals lacking long setae and pink-purple flowers.     

Cuscuta taimensis (Convolvulaceae,Cuscuteae), a new species from South America

A new species of Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae: Cuscuteae) from South America is described, illustrated, and studied under light and scanning electron microscopy. Cuscuta taimensis is similar to Cuscuta racemosa, but differs in having oblong to elliptic calyx lobes and a circumscissile capsule.     

Gloeodontia xerophila (Aphyllophorales, Basidiomycota), a new species with corticioid basidioma from the Canary Islands

Gloeodontia xerophila sp. nov. is described and illustrated from material collected on dead xerophyte debris in the Canary Islands. This species is characterized by the odontioid hymenophore with short aculei, up to 2 mm long, dimitic hyphal system and amyloid, subglobose and verrucose spores, 4-5 x 3-4 microm. The new taxon is compared with other species in the genus and a key to the species of Gloeodontia is provided.     

Othonna cerarioides (Asteraceae: Othonnineae), a new species from Namaqualand,South Africa

Othonna cerarioides Magoswana and J.C. Manning is described as a new species from Namaqualand, Northern Cape Province of South Africa. It is an erect shrub with rod-like stems and branches, bearing numerous spur-shoots with obovate-oblanceolate leaves clustered at the tips, and up to nine disciform capitula per spur-shoot. Othonna cerarioides is anomalous in the genus in that the style of some of the disc florets is bifid. Othonna is diagnosed within subtribe Othonnineae by female-sterile disc florets with simple (or very rarely minutely bifid) styles. The disc florets in the closely related genus Hertia are bisexual with well branched styles.     

Grindelia mendocina (Asteraceae, astereae), a new South American species

Taxonomic revision of South American species of Grindelia Willd. has revealed a new species from Argentina, with homogamous capitula and cushion-shaped habit. The taxon is here described and illustrated.     

Garcinìa dhanìkharíensis (Clusiaceae), a new species from Andaman Islands, India

A new species Garcinia dhanìkharíensis (Clusiaceae) from South Andaman, India is described and illustrated.     

Epidendrumcusiyacoense (Orchidaceae), a new species from Colombia

A new species of Epidendrum, E. cusiyacoense, is described and illustrated based on Colombian material. The novelty belongs to the ‘Garayi subgroup’ and resembles the Ecuadorian endemic E. ilinizae, but is distinguished by the oblong-lanceolate leaf which is over five times longer than wide, 2-flowered inflorescence and entire, papillate lip margins. Epidendrum cusiyacoense is so far exclusively known from Colombia where it grows as an epiphyte in wet páramo, among scrub and Espeletia patches at the altitude of about 3000–3500 m. A key to the identification of species belonging to informal Garayi subgroup is provided.     

A new species of Spirobrachia (Pogonophora) from the Orkney Trench (Antarctica)

Spirobrachia orkneyensis sp. nov. is described from the Orkney Trench to the east of the South Orkney Islands from a depth of 6130–6420 m. It differs from the congeneric species S. grandis (Ivanov 1952) and S. leospira (Gureeva 1975) in the structure of the tube, i.e. shorter segmental collars, peculiarities of their arrangement throughout the tube, and multi-layered, light-coloured tube wall with wrinkles in its inner layers. Also, the wings of the spermatophores of the new species are much larger than those of the two other species of the genus, while most other size characteristics, including the length of the spermatophores, the size of the cuticular plaques, the number of the tentacles and the diameter of the tube, are intermediate between those of S. grandis and S. leospira. A key to the genera and species of the family Spirobrachiidae is provided. Accepted: 31 January 2000     

Revision of the family Pontocyprididae (Ostracoda), with new anchialine species and genera from Galapagos Islands

Iliffeoecia iliffei and Kareloecia woutersi are new argilloeciine and propontocyprididine genera and species from anchialine habitats in Galapagos Islands, whose specializations for interstitial or cryptic life show convergence with Comontocypris. Ekponlocypris, Schedopontocypris and the new genus Thomontocypris are removed from Propontocypris. Eighty-three living species of Pontocyprididae, for which the soft anatomy has been described, provide the basis for emended generic diagnoses and a revised classification.     

Macarthuria intricata sp. nov. (Aizoaceae), a new species from South Western Australia

Macarthuria intricata is described and illustrated. The new species is confined to the Tamala Vegetation System at the northern extremity of the South Western Botanical Province.     

Holcus azoricus M. Seq. & Castrov. (Poaceae), a new species from the Azores Islands

A new species of Holcus L. (Poaceae), endemic to the Azores archipelago (Portugal), is described. The vegetative and reproductive structures were studied. The diagnostic characters were compared with those of closely related species. New chromosome counts in Holcus azoricus M. Seq. & Castrov. (2 n  = 35) and H. rigidus Hochst. (2 n  = 28) are included. A possible hybrid origin is hypothesized; the potential parents are H. lanatus L. and H. rigidus .  © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2007, 154 , 259–267.     

Viola stoloniflora (Violaceae), a new species from the Ryukyus

Viola stoloniflora Yokota et Higa (Violaceae) is newly described from Okinawa Island, the Ryukyus. This species is characterized by the procumbent stolons, the almost round leaf blades, the densely pilose petioles, the ebarbate white petals with violet veins, and the chromosome number of 2n=22. The present species belongs to Sect.Nomimium, Subsect.Serpentes and is closely related to theV. iwagawai group of Sect.Nomimium, Subsect.Adnatae.