Taxonomic notes on fruit flies of tribes Schistopterini and Eutretini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Tephritinae) in India,with description of a new species of Rhabdochaeta de Meijere

Rhabdochaeta nigroapicalis David, Hancock and Sachin, sp. n., is described from Assam, NE India. A key to all species of Schistopterini and Eutretini recorded from India is provided and taxonomic notes on previously described species are included. DNA barcode sequences of Calloptera asteria (Schiner), Rhabdochaeta pulchella de Meijere, Rhabdochaeta nigroapicalis David, Hancock and Sachin, sp. n. and Rhochmopterum venustum (de Meijere) were obtained and reported. Phylogenetic analysis using 62 mtCOI sequences of Tephritinae revealed Schistopterini to be a monophyletic group and the new species closely related to Rhabdochaeta pulchella, justifying its placement in Rhabdochaeta de Meijere.http://zoobank.org/A97337B3-E2BD-460D-BA62-6D3D4A1A60A2     

Four new species of Anagrus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from India,with a key to Indian species

Four new species of Anagrus (Anagrus) Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) are described from India: A. (Anagrus) karnatakus Triapitsyn sp. n., A. (Anagrus) kolhapurensis Manickavasagam & Sankararaman sp. n., A. (Anagrus) latus Manickavasagam & Sankararaman sp. n. and A. (Anagrus) sujathae Manickavasagam & Sankararaman sp. n. A key to females of the 15 described and one undescribed species of Anagrus known from India is provided.www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:99ED388D-BE3E-4FBA-A383-3482D96DA42F.     

A new secoiridoid and a new xanthone glycoside from the whole plants of Lomatogonium rotatum

A new secoiridoid (1) and a new xanthone glycoside (2), together with fourteen known compounds (3−16) were isolated from the dried whole plants of Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries ex Nym. The chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic experiments, including 1D and 2D NMR as well as HR-ESI-MS, and comparison with those reported in the literature. All the compounds were evaluated for anti-complementary activity against the alternative pathways. Compounds 12 and 16 exhibited anti-complementary activity.     

Diarylpentanoids from Diplomorpha canescens and Diplomorpha ganpi

Two new α-hydroxy ketone type diarylpentanoids, diplomorphanone A, 2(S)-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1-pentanone (1) and diplomorphanone B, 2(R)-hydroxy-1,5-diphenyl-1-pentanone (2) were isolated from aerial parts of Diplomorpha canescens (Meisn.) C.A. Meyer and roots of Diplomorpha ganpi (Sieb. et Zucc.) Nakai, respectively. Nine known compounds including diarylpentanoids (3–6), phenylpropanoid derivatives (7–9), (+)-afzelechin (10) and apiosylskimmin (11) were also isolated for the first time from D. ganpi. Structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.     

Antifungal metabolites from the rhizospheric Penicillium sp. YIM PH 30003 associated with Panax notoginseng

Two new N-benzoylamino acids, peniginseng A-B (1–2), and two new fatty acids, peniciginseng A-B (5–6), were isolated during the fermentation of Penicillium sp. YIM PH30003, an endophytic fungus associated with Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen. Their structures were assigned based on a combination of 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectral data. The N-benzoylamino acids (1–4) might share similar biosynthetic pathways with the rare siderophore pistillarin. Compounds 1–10 showed antifungal activities (MICs 16–128 μg/mL) against Fusarium solani, the pathogenic fungus of P. notoginseng.     

Three new hetisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum coreanum

Three new hetisine-type diterpenoid alkaloids, Guan-fu base V (GFV, 1), Guan-fu base W (GFW, 2) and Guan-fu base X (GFX, 3) were isolated from the roots of Aconitum coreanum (Lèvl.) Rapaics. Their structures were established by direct interpretation of their spectral data, mainly high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), ¹D and ²D NMR (¹H–¹H COSY, ROESY, HSQC and HMBC). GFX is the third N-oxygenated hetisine-type diterpenoid alkaloid isolated from A. coreanum.     

Review of Indian species of Monoceromyia Shannon (Diptera: Syrphidae) with description of two new species

Flower fly species of the genus Monoceromyia Shannon (Diptera: Syrphidae) in India are reviewed and two new species, M. flavoscutata Sankararaman, Anooj and Mengual, sp. nov. and M. nigra Sankararaman, Anooj and Mengual, sp. nov., are described from Tamil Nadu and Arunachal Pradesh (India), respectively. A new synonym is proposed: M. multipunctata (Hull, 1941) is synonymised under M. polistoides (Brunetti, 1923). Moreover, lectotypes are designated for Ceria patricia Brunetti, 1923 and Ceria tredecimpunctata Brunetti, 1923. An identification key to the Indian Monoceromyia species is also provided.     

Austdiol,fulvic acid and citromycetin derivatives from an endolichenic fungus,Myxotrichum sp.

A new austdiol analog myxodiol A (1), three novel fulvic acid derivatives myxotrichin A–C (2–4), and a new citromycetin analog myxotrichin D (5), were isolated from an endolichenic fungus Myxotrichum sp. inhabiting the lichen Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. The structures of these compounds were elucidated unequivocally on the basis of comprehensive analysis of MS and NMR data. Compounds 2 and 5 displayed very weak cytotoxicity against human leukemia cell line K562, and compounds 1 showed very weak antifungal activity against Candida albicans (sc5314).     

Two new species and three new record species of family Limacodidae from northeast India (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea)

Caissa kashungii sp. n. and Squamosa wungchanngamii sp. n. are described as new Limacodidae from India. These new species are illustrated with images of the adults and male genitalia and compared with similar species. Additionally, three species S. chalcites Orhant, 2000, Cania (Paracania) robusta Hering, 1931 and Rhamnosa (Rhamnosa) convergens Hering, 1931 are recorded as new to India from Arunachal Pradesh and Manipur. Diagnosis and distribution are provided for all taxa listed and the males and their genitalia are illustrated.LSID codewww.zoobznk.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:32CDB346-275D-4C66-906C-656FC613E195.     

Antimicrobial selaginellin derivatives from Selaginella pulvinata

Six selaginellin derivatives, including three new analogues selaginellins D–F (1–3), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of the whole plant of Selaginella pulvinata (Hook. et Grev.) Maxim. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive physical and chemical evidence. Compounds 1 and 4 demonstrated antifungal activities against Candida albicans; compounds 4–6 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.     

Phytoconstituents from the leaves of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen

Five flavonoids, four feruloyl amide derivatives, pinoresinol, lanost-9-en-3β-ol and three steroids from the leaves of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. C. Chen. Of these, compound 4 was identified as a new homoisoflavanone. This publication is the first reported purification of compounds 3, 4, 6–12 from D. cochinchinensis. We also indicate the chemotaxonomic importance of these metabolites.     

Sinopestalotiollides A–D,cytotoxic diphenyl ether derivatives from plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis palmarum

Four new diphenyl ether derivatives, sinopestalotiollides A–D (1–4), one new natural α-pyrone product (11), as well as twelve known compounds (5–1?7), were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis palmarum isolated from the leaves of medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd et Wils. The structures were elucidated by HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectrometry data. Bioassay experiments revealed that compounds 1–4 and 11 exhibited strong to weak cytotoxicities against three human tumor cell lines Hela, HCT116 and A549.     

Phenylpropanoid triesters from Daucus glaber

Three new phenylpropanoid triesters, glaberins A–C (1–3), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Daucus glaber (Forssk.) Thell. (Apiaceae). Their gross structures were determined on the basis of 2D NMR experiments, and the absolute structure of 1 by X-ray crystallography and chemical methods. Glaberins A (1) and B (2) were evaluated for cytotoxicity against P-388 murine lymphocytic leukemia cells.     

Evolvosides C–E,flavonol-4-O-triglycosides from Evolvulus alsinoides and their anti-stress activity

Phytochemical investigation of the n-butanol fraction of Evolvulus alsinoides (Linn.) led to the isolation of three new phenolic glycosides, evolvosides C, D and E (1–3) along with six known compounds (4–9). The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, viz. 1D and 2D NMR experiments, chemical study, and comparison with literature data. Evolvoside C (1) was characterized as kaempferol 4′-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside, whereas evolvosides D and E (2–3) were found to be mono and di-O-methyl derivatives of 1. The new compounds (1–3) represent rare triglycoside derivatives of flavonol at C-4′. The isolated compounds (1–6) were screened for acute stress-induced biochemical changes in male Sprague–Dawley rats at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed anti-stress effects by normalizing hyperglycemia, plasma corticosterone, plasma creatine kinase, and adrenal hypertrophy. Compounds 3 and 6 were also found to be effective in normalizing most of these stress parameters, whereas compounds 4 and 5 were ineffective in normalizing most of these effects.     

A new flavone glycoside from the leaves of Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze

Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Kuntze has been widely used as a food spice and a remedy for colds in Korea, China and Japan. In this study, one new flavone glycoside (1) along with six flavonoids (2–7), nine phenyl glycosides (8–16) and three megastigmane glycosides (17–19) were isolated from the leaves of A. rugosa. By extensive spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR, and MS data, the structure of the new compound (1) was elucidated as acacetin 7-O-β-(6″-(E)-crotonylglucopyranoside). From present investigation, compound 1 and 7–19 were isolated for the first time from the genus Agastache and 1, 16, 18 and 19 in the Lamiaceae family.     

A review of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thinodromus lunatus</Emphasis> species-group (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae)

The Thinodromus lunatus species group is revised. The following new species are described: Thinodromus (s. str.) cattiensis sp. n. from Vietnam, Thinodromus (s. str.) forsteri sp. n. from southern Thailand, Thinodromus (s. str.) himalayensis sp. n. from Nepal and northern India, Thinodromus (s. str.) inconspicuus sp. n. from southern China, Thailand, and Vietnam, and Thinodromus (s. str.) spotus sp. n. from southern China. The following new synonymy is established: Thinodromus (s. str.) deceptor (Sharp, 1889) = Thinodromus (s. str.) gravelyi (Bernhauer, 1926), syn. n.; = Thinodromus (s. str.) reitterianus (Bernhauer, 1938), syn. n. Lectotypes are designated for Trogophloeus lunatus Motschulsky, 1857, Trogophloeus pustulatus Bernhauer, 1904, Trogophloeus socius Bernhauer, 1904, Trogophloeus sumatrensis Bernhauer, 1915, Trogophloeus lewisi Cameron, 1919, Trogophloeus gravelyi Bernhauer, 1926, Trogophloeus reitterianus Bernhauer, 1938, and Trogophloeus unipustulatus Cameron, 1941. A key is presented to all the species of the Thinodromus lunatus group.     

Miscellaneous mistletoe notes, 1–9

Three new species,Cladocolea biflora Kuijt,Struthanthus condensatus Kuijt, andS. lojae Kuijt are described and six new combinations,Cladocolea diversifolia (Benth.) Kuijt,C. lenticellata (Diels) Kuijt,Dendrophthora virgata (Trel.) Kuijt,Korthalsella chilensis (Hook. & Arn.) Kuijt,Phthirusa retroflexa (Ruiz & Pavon) Kuijt, andStruthanthus flexilis (Rusby) Kuijt are proposed. Nomenclature of two more neotropical Loranthaceae,Psittacanthus ramiflorus (DC.) G. Don andStruthanthus interruptus (H.B.K.) Blume is revised.     

Two new saponins from Paronychia capitata

Two new oleanane-type triterpene glycosides, 3˗O˗β˗D˗glucopyranosyl˗28˗O˗[β˗D˗glucopyranosyl˗(1→2)˗β˗D˗xylopyranosyl˗(1→6)˗β˗D˗glucopyranosyl]medicagenic acid (1) and 3˗O˗β˗D˗glucopyranosyl˗28˗O˗[β˗D˗glucopyranosyl˗(1→6)˗β˗D˗glucopyranosyl˗(1→2)˗ β˗D˗xylopyranosyl]oleanolic acid (2), named capitatosides A and B respectively, were isolated from the butanol extract of Paronychia capitata (L.) Lam., along with seven known compounds. The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic methods, mainly HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR (¹H, ¹³C, COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) techniques, whereas those of the known compounds were identified by spectral comparison with reported literature data.     

Bioactivity-guided isolation of chemical constituents against H2O2-induced neurotoxicity on PC12 from Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim.

Three new compounds (1, 6, 9), with six known compounds (2–5, 7–8) were obtained from water-soluble extract of Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim. by bioactivity-guided isolation. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analysis, including 1D, 2D NMR data and HRESIMS. H₂O₂-induced neurotoxicity on PC12 cells model were conducted to evaluate the neuro-protective capability of these compounds. The piscidic acid derivatives compounds 4–7 showed marked neuro-protective effect at certain concentration.