Les complications orthopédiques de l’ostéogenèse imparfaite

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disease characterized by bone frailty. It is generally caused by an abnormal production of collagen, which is the main fibrous protein of the bone. Collagen is also present in the skin, tendons, the sclera of the eye and dentin. The most frequent manifestation of osteogenesis imperfecta is the occurrence of multiple fractures without major trauma. Severity and timing of the attack varies widely: some patients sustain a significant number of fractures during early childhood which may have a serious impact on growth, while others will have some fractures separated by a few years. In all cases, the bone strength improves in adulthood. The bone fractures cause pain and bone deformities sometimes result in a smaller size. Scoliosis is frequent and associated with painful vertebral collapses. We present a case of osteogenesis imperfecta in a 40-year-old adult and we describe the various orthopaedic complications of the disease, stressing the role of bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis and monitoring of these complications.     

Les théories de l’économie animale et l’émergence de la psychiatrie de l’Encyclopédie à l’aliénisme

The author analysesEncyclopédie’s articles devoted to nervous and mental functioning and disorders, showing that a new approach to lunacy as a mental illness, which is defined in some articles as a “general trouble of the animal economy”, progressively emerged. The term,animal economy, unified physical and moral aspects of the study of man. It was elaborated by XVIIIth century physiologists and was widely accepted by French physicians. This idea is based on the vitalistic thought of the Montpellier school, which equated life with sensibility, and on English medical conceptions of a nervous-centred organism. Later on Philippe Pinel’s work displayed the legacy of these conceptions. On one hand, the comprehensive view of physical and moral dimensions in theanimal economy neutralized the question of an organic or psychogenetic origin of madness. This enabled him to consider it as a determinate field of sensibility interactions and as a medical matter, and to legitimize the group of therapeutic practices that he namedtraitement moral. On the other hand, Pinel departed from the classical conception ofanimal economy by developing his concept of aprinciple of mania, which underlies the manifold symptoms and forms of madness, and which are only perceptible to a trained specialist (aliéniste). The historical development analysed in this article show how alienists were enabled to claim both the wholly medical nature of insanity as disease, and their specific competence as apart from the other medical disciplines. To this extent, Esquirol achieved Pinel’s scientific work.     

Les carnivores fossiles des sables de l’Orléanais

Fossil Carnivora from “Orléanais” continental sands. All the fossil carnivora from Orleanais are dated to middle Miocene. They belong to Amphicyonidae (7 species and 6 genera), Ursidae (3 species, 3 genera), Mustelidae (13 species, 8 genera), Nimravidae (1 species, 1 genus), Viverridae (3 species, 2 genera) and Felidae (4 species, 2 genera).     

Les monuments funéraires en trou de serrure de l’Edjereh et de l’Amadror (Ahaggar,Algérie)

In this work, we will try to illuminate that in the Ahaggar region (Algeria) funerary monuments are very abundant with a various architecture. A series of archaeological field explorations has made it possible to gather the necessary observations and measurements. The most spectacular architecture is the so-called “keyhole architecture”, also identified as “corridor and enclosure”, which has been recognised in the central Ahaggar, with the exception of the Téfedest area, which has not yet produced any examples. The here is to present some keyhole monuments recognised during our various missions in the Edjereh and Amadror regions, some of which have been the subject of archaeological excavations in the past.     

Les enjeux de l’intégration de l’automate d’immunohématologie AutoVue d’Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics au sein du laboratoire

Evaluation des critères de sécurité, productivité et conformité à la réglementation. L’automatisation de la paillasse d’immuno-hématologie au laboratoire est une démarche dont l’objectif est d’optimiser les contraintes organisationnelles et économiques tout en préservant la qualité des résultats par l’utilisation des techniques analytiques de référence dans un cadre sécuritaire et réglementaire de haut niveau.     

Les inhibiteurs spécifiques de la recapture de la sérotonine dans la dépression de l’enfant et de l’adolescent: revue des controverses récentes

European and US drug regulatory authorities have recently warned against the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in childhood and adolescent depression. Through an extensive literature review on the use of SSRIs to treat depression in children and adolescents — including psychiatric clinical trials, pharmacology, and drug safety data — we will: i) describe the main arguments justifying various regulatory decisions; ii) present published data and subsequent meta-analyses; iii) discuss how to integrate the recommendations into daily clinical practice, freeing professionals from a Manichean approach. We reach the limits of evidence-based medicine, which provide the basis of the scientific work of the regulatory authorities.     

La part de l’analyse phénoménologique dans l’étude de cas singulier

We argue that clinical psychiatry oscillates between two epistemological poles: inference and perception. The inferential approach categorises illnesses bottom up, from visible symptoms to the pathological category supposedly causing them. In doing so, psychiatry moves away from the possible instantaneous perception of a patient, as well as from illness as a changing, evolving, phenomenon. From a phenomenological point of view, the perceptive approach enables the therapist, within an encounter, to experience the emergence of an impression of a patient’s overall bearing, or attitude. Thanks to épochè, a sense of form, Gestalt will emerge. The clinical case, nevertheless, is always a construction, an intersubjective narrative about illness, recounted by the patient. Creating a library of clinical cases leads to the development of case types, each becoming a reference to which future clinical cases can be compared and categorised as belonging to a clinical family; it is the participant with respect to Plato’s eidos. Phenomenology contributes to clinical experience in that it makes possible the link between perception and inference, between subjective experience and intersubjective narrative, and between person and case type.     

Les méthodes de seuillage en TEP : un état de l’art

This work deals with positron emission tomography segmentation methods for tumor volume determination. We propose a state of art techniques based on fixed or adaptive threshold. Methods found in literature are analysed with an objective point of view on their methodology, advantages and limitations. Finally, a comparative study is presented.     

Les hommes de Néandertal du Caucase du Nord : entre l’Ouest et l’Est

A geographical position of the Caucasus in the border between Europe and Asia defines a complex character of the Middle Paleolithic in the region as a whole and in the Northern Caucasus in particular. Today, we can recognize three major cultural areas existed during the Middle Paleolithic in the Northern Caucasus: (1) a local North Caucasian variant of Eastern Micoquian, which is closely related to Eastern Micoquian of Central and Eastern Europe, in the Northwestern Caucasus; (2) a specific Caucasian industry type (called Khostinian Mousterian), which penetrated during later MIS 3 to the Northwestern Caucasus from the Northeastern Black sea cost in the Southern Caucasus; and (3) a similar to Zagros Mousterian industry, which is presented in Weasel Cave in the Northeastern Caucasus.