芦蒿花总黄酮提取工艺的研究

采用正交试验,以芦蒿总黄酮得率为考察指标,对影响芦蒿总黄酮提取工艺的因素进行了探讨和研究,得出了芦蒿花总黄酮提取过程的优化条件。     

浅谈种子植物茎端的结构及其分化

将植物营养茎端周围的幼叶剥除,置于解剖镜下观察,即可看到幼嫩的茎端及其周围突起的叶原基(图1)。按照一般的概念,幼嫩的茎     

茎瘤芥主要数量性状遗传力和遗传进度的初步研究

以23个茎瘤芥地方品种为试材估算了15个性状遗传力、遗传进度及遗传变异系数。结果表明各性状遗传力从大到小顺序为营养生长期、瘤茎膨大期、茎／叶、菜皮百分率、瘤茎产量、叶宽、瘤茎横径、出苗至瘤茎膨大始期、株鲜重、瘤茎纵径、叶长、菜形指数、开展度、瘤茎空心率、株高。瘤茎空心率、茎／叶、菜皮百分率和瘤茎产量的遗传变异较大,具有较大的选择潜力。在5％的选择率下,可获得较大的遗传进展。综合试验结果认为,瘤茎膨大期、营养生长期、茎／叶宜在早代进行一次性单株选择,菜皮百分率、瘤茎产量、叶宽等性状可适当加强早代选择。     

南瓜茎、叶、花的营养成分分析

对南瓜茎、叶、花等部位进行了粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗纤维、总糖、Vc等主要营养成分和K、Na、Ca、Mg、Zn等矿质元素的测定。结果表明,南瓜茎、叶、花营养丰富,各种营养成分较为全面。南瓜叶中粗脂肪、粗蛋白、Vc、K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn等成分含量均高于南瓜茎和南瓜花。与其他8种常见蔬菜相比,主要营养成分和矿质元素含量也远远高于这8种蔬菜。为南瓜茎、叶、花的菜用价值提供了科学依据,也为增加人们的膳食营养、改变餐桌食品花样、开发蔬菜资源及其利用价值提供了参考。     

珠子参地上部分氨基酸测定及营养评价

对珠子参茎、叶、花的氨基酸组成与含量进行测定和营养评价分析。结果表明,珠子参茎、叶、花中均含有17种常见氨基酸,氨基酸总量分别为3.73%,14.80%和8.72%;珠子参的茎中必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值(E/T)为0.39,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(E/N)为0.64,叶中E/T为0.41,E/N为0.71,花中E/T为0.39,E/N为0.63,氨基酸配比较为合理;珠子参茎、叶、花中蛋氨酸+胱氨酸均为第一限制氨基酸;珠子参茎、叶、花中均含有γ-氨基丁酸,含量分别为0.12%,0.26%和0.16%,叶片中γ-氨基丁酸的含量最高。     

呼伦贝尔盐生藜科植物不同器官C、N、P生态化学计量特征及其与土壤因子的关系

盐碱土区植物可利用营养匮乏是植物生物量限制的主要因素之一,藜科（Chenopodiaceae）植物是盐碱环境中的最大类群,其整体营养策略对盐碱地育种和农业开发具有重要意义。本研究以呼伦贝尔4种典型盐碱地藜科植物碱蓬（Suaeda glauca）、尖头叶藜（Chenopodium acuminatum）、刺沙蓬（Salsola tragus）、雾冰藜（Bassia dasyphylla）为研究对象,通过分析不同器官C、N、P生态化学计量特征,试图揭示藜科植物C、N、P计量特征共性及其与土壤因子之间的耦合关系。结果显示：①藜科植物茎、叶N/P>16,根N/P<14;各器官C、N含量显著相关,且根C含量>茎C含量>叶C含量,N含量表现为叶N含量>茎N含量>根N含量,表明N元素从根、茎到叶之间具有良好的转移效率。②相对于C元素和N元素,各器官内P元素含量具有最大变异系数,叶P、茎P含量与叶N、根N含量显著正相关,根P含量与叶N、根N含量显著负相关,表明N、P元素在叶和根中具有较强的协调关系。③RDA排序表明土壤P是影响植物叶片化学计量的主要因素,土壤K是茎化学计量变异的主要因素,土壤N是根化学计量变异的主要因素。本研究发现藜科植物通过叶N、叶P积累和N、P协调降低土壤N、P限制的影响,对于盐碱土营养管理具有重要意义。     

不同施肥配比对藜蒴栲幼苗氮含量及其分布格局的影响

采用均匀设计对藜蒴栲Castanopsis fissa实生幼苗进行不同配比施肥实验,探讨不同营养条件下藜蒴栲幼苗各器官氮素含量及分布格局。结果表明,T_5施肥处理(N:0.0750 g·株~(-1)、P_2O_5:0.3500 g·株~(-1))最有利于藜蒴栲幼苗生长。各生长时期不同营养条件下藜蒴栲苗木根、茎、叶N含量均有差异,苗木体内N总含量与N肥施用量呈正比。随时间的推移,藜蒴栲苗木N素呈现由根向叶转移的趋势。相关性分析表明,根与茎、茎与叶的N含量呈极显著正相关,根与叶N含量呈显著正相关。     

珠子参地上部分氨基酸测定及营养评价

对珠子参茎、叶、花的氨基酸组成与含量进行测定和营养评价分析.结果表明,珠子参茎、叶、花中均含有17种常见氨基酸,氨基酸总量分别为3.73％,14.80％和8.72％;珠子参的茎中必需氨基酸与总氨基酸的比值(E/T)为0.39,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(E/N)为0.64,叶中E/T为0.41,E/N为o.71,花中E/T为0.39,E/N为0.63,氨基酸配比较为合理;珠子参茎、叶、花中蛋氨酸+胱氨酸均为第一限制氨基酸;珠子参茎、叶、花中均含有γ-氨基丁酸,含量分别为0.12％,0.26％和0.16％,叶片中γ-氨基丁酸的含量最高.     

水稻不同生育期对荧光物——铕吸收运行的研究初报

本文为探索稻田生态系统营养关系定量分析研究方法的环节之一。作者首次采用标记示踪法测定了水稻在秧苗期,分蘖期,壮苞期,抽穗期,乳熟期等5个生育期吸收铕的情况为：同一处理浓度下,水稻根、茎、叶的铕含量在分蘖期最高,抽穗期最低,水稻中铕含量随生育期呈低-高-低-高的变化规律,秧苗期根、茎、叶的铕含量相近且低;分蘖期叶中铕含量比根和茎明显高;其它3个生育期茎与叶中铕含量相近并且比根部含量高。     

不同入侵程度紫茎泽兰碳氮磷生态化学计量特征研究

紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)是一种生态危害性较大的入侵植物。为探讨不同入侵程度下紫茎泽兰的化学计量特征,进一步揭示其营养策略与入侵机制,该研究以紫茎泽兰及其本土伴生种条叶猪屎豆(Crotalaria linifolia)为对象,测定研究了轻度入侵、中度入侵和重度入侵下紫茎泽兰根、茎、叶中碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)化学计量特征与其入侵地土壤养分状况,并进一步比较了紫茎泽兰和条叶猪屎豆的C、N、P化学计量特征。结果表明：(1)3种入侵程度下,紫茎泽兰叶N、P含量均显著大于根和茎N、P含量,将更多的N和P分配至叶,增加资源获取,以利快速生长。(2)3种入侵程度下,紫茎泽兰茎N∶P<根N∶P<叶N∶P,且茎N∶P在中度入侵下显著大于轻度入侵,在入侵过程中其茎呈现出较高的生长速率,可促进其获取更多环境资源,增强生长竞争优势。(3)与本土种条叶猪屎豆相比,紫茎泽兰具有更高的根P、茎P含量,根和茎C∶P、N∶P均显著小于条叶猪屎豆,各器官C∶N均显著大于条叶猪屎豆,显示出较高的养分利用效率及较低的资源需求量。(4)紫茎泽兰茎C和叶C、茎N和叶N均呈显著正相关,茎...     

蓟马诱导的鹅掌柴叶片虫瘿组织的生理生化响应

以蓟马诱导的鹅掌柴叶片管状虫瘿为材料,分析了虫瘿和非虫瘿组织的抗氧化活性及其它生理响应以及营养物质的含量、分配等。结果发现虫瘿组织中许多生理指标如过氧化氢浓度、过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性以及丙二醛含量都比非虫瘿组织低。虫瘿组织比非虫瘿组织光合速率下降而呼吸速率增强,虫瘿组织转变为一个营养库能够富集较多的营养物质。仅仅使用植物激素和蓟马萃取物不能诱导虫瘿的形成,但是,细胞分裂素类植物生长调节物可以引起类似蓟马诱导虫瘿的早期反应。     

The telotrophic nature of ovarioles of polyphage coleoptera

Summary The ovarian type of 23 families of polyphage Coleoptera has been determined. The ovaries of all species belong to the telotrophic-meroistic type, indicated by nutritive cords connecting oocytes with the trophic tissue. These nutritive cords persist during previtellogenesis and the main part of vitellogenesis. The cytoplasm of the nutritive cords shows the same elements in similar frequencies as they were found in the nurse cell cytoplasm or in the ooplasm of oocytes during previtellogenesis. No indications are found supporting the idea that a reduction of nutritive cords early in ovarian development gives rise to a deviated panoistic ovary. The histological uniformity of nutritive cords among all investigated species as well as the fact that these species are scattered by chance among the polyphage Coleoptera seems to justify the conclusion that all Polyphaga s. str. have telotrophicmeroistic ovarioles. This investigation was supported in part by the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk     

Physiological Responses of Gall Tissues on Ivy Tree Leaves Induced by Thrip

In this research, tuber like galls which induced by thrip on ivy tree leaves were chosen as materials, and the physiological responses as well as partitioning of mineral nutrition, soluble protein and saccharide contents in galled and un galled tissues were assayed. Results indicated that compared to the un galled tissues, galling tissues decreased in many physiological indexes including hydrogen peroxide concentration, Peroxidase and phenylnine amonialase activities and the contents of malondialdehyde. Galling tissues decreased in photosynthetic rate but increased in respiratory rate. Galling tissues acted as a nutritive sink that accumulate more nutrition than surrounding un galled tissues. Phytohormones and insects extracts alone can not induce the formation of galls, but cytokinins such as kinetin, 6 BA and Zeatin can induce responses which are similar to the earlier response of thrip feeding.     

樱桃李与蓝莓果的营养价值

本文论述了野樱桃李、蓝莓果的营养成分,比较它们的共同点和某些差异,对其营养价值作了简要评述,为开发利用野樱桃李植物资源提供参考资料.     

甘肃省谷子地方品种营养品质的分析与评价

对甘肃省199份谷子地方品种子粒的营养品质分析结果表明:蛋白质和脂肪的平均含量较高,品种间差异大,变异丰富;不同地区谷子品种的营养品质存在差异,陇东地区谷子蛋白质和脂肪含量较高;不同粒色谷子营养品质也存在差异,青色籽粒的谷子其蛋白质、脂肪和赖氨酸含量较高。     

银杏大小年结果植株叶片的营养元素比较研究

对银杏大、小年结果植株的不同部位的水分及N、P、K等矿质营养元素含量的月变化进行监测,并比较其差异。结果表明,在银杏的年生长周期内,大年结果植株体内比小年结果植株体内含有较足够的水分及N、P、K等矿质营养元素,能稳而均匀地供应植株各器官的生长发育;大年结果植株果叶的N、P营养元素的年平均含量高于一年生和二年生营养叶,而小年结果植株的果叶的N、P营养元素的年平均含量高于一年生营养叶,低于二年生营养叶;大、小年的一年生营养叶的N,二年生营养叶的水分和果叶的P及种子硬核期前后果叶的K含量及P/N,K/N比差异显著。因此,可采取科学的水肥管理方法,在大年过后,落叶以前,及时补充种子所消耗和带走的营养物质,维持植株体内的养分平衡,恢复树势,克服大小年结果现象。     

Independent regulation of microtubule spacing and microtubule stability following redundancy of nutritive tubes in telotrophic ovaries in hemiptera (insecta)

The nutritive tubes that act as conduits between the nutritive cells and the developing oocytes within the ovaries of hemipteran insects, contain vast aggregates of aligned microtubules. During the previtellogenic stages of oogenesis, components synthesised in the nutritive cells pass within the nutritive tubes and accumulate in the oocytes. Using polarised light and electron microscopy, we have monitored the changes in both the spacing and stability of the microtubules which occur when, at the onset of vitellogenesis, translocation within the nutritive tube ceases and the tube becomes redundant. Having investigated nutritive tube redundancy in the ovaries of 4 species of hemipterans, we have discovered the outcome to be similar in each case, with the microtubules losing their characteristic spacing and becoming closely packed prior to their depolymerisation. The feature that differs is the timing of these changes because, in certain species, microtubule depolymerisation closely follows the microtubule rearrangement, while in other species, depolymerisation of the microtubules occurs some considerable time after their change in pattern. This evidence demonstrates that microtubule spacing and stability are regulated independently following redundancy of nutritive tubes, and we speculate upon how this regulation might be achieved within the insect ovaries.     

Grazing effects on herbage nutritive values depend on precipitation and growing season in Inner Mongolian grassland

Aims Grasslands are widely used for production of livestock, which depend on the nutritive value of herbage species. However, there are still large uncertainties as to how grazing, precipitation and growing season interactively affect herbage nutritive value.Methods Here, based on a grazing experiment with seven grazing intensities in an Inner Mongolian grassland since the year 2005, we analysed nutritive value of four dominant grass species from June to September in both a relatively wetter year (2008) and a drier year (2010). Herbage with high nutritive value is characterized by high concentration of crude protein, high concentration of cellulase digestible organic matter and low concentration of neutral detergent fibre.Important findings We found that (i) grazing significantly increased the nutritive value of Leymus chinensis, Agropyron michnoi and Cleistogenes squarrosa but had minor effects on the nutritive value of Stipa grandis. (ii) For all species, nutritive values were greater in the wetter year than in the drier year and were greatest in the early growing season (June) and lowest at the end of the growing season (September). Inter-annual and inter-seasonal variations in nutritive value were much greater for L. chinensis and A. michnoi than for C. squarrosa and S. grandis, suggesting higher water use efficiency for the latter two species. (iii) Grazing significantly decreased the drought resistance of three species, but not of S. grandis. (iv) Grazing significantly increased inter-month variation in nutritive value for L. chinensis and A. michnoi but had relatively minor or no effects on that of C. squarrosa and S. grandis. Therefore, grazing effects on species nutritive values showed strong inter-annual and seasonal patterns, and species-specific responses might be related to species traits (i.e. water use efficiency, digestibility). Our results have important implications for ecosystem management of arid and semi-arid grasslands under intense grazing and global climatic change.     

Redundant nutritive tubes in insect ovarioles: the fate of an extensive microtubule transport system

The developing oocytes in the ovarioles of hemipteran insects receive materials from nutritive cells by way of channels known as nutritive tubes. The tubes contain an extensive system of microtubules which are thought to be involved in the transport between the two cell types. At the onset of vitellogenesis the connection is discontinued. Redundant nutritive tubes have been identified, compared with functional tubes, and their fate discussed.     

The Nutrimentary Egg Development of the Mite,Varroa jacobsoni (Acari,Arachnida), an Ectoparasite of Honey Bees

The fine structure of the female gonad of Varroa jacobsoni is described. There are two components: the ovary proper and the so-called lyrate organ. The ovary is the place where oocytes mature, embedded in a supporting tissue composed of two cell types: somacells 1 and somacells 2. The lyrate organ has a nutrimentary function and is comprised of two components: supporting cells and nutritive tissue. The supporting cells are similar to the somacells 2 in that they contain abundant microtubules. The nutritive tissue is an extensive syncytium. It is connected with the oocytes via intercellular bridges, the nutritive cords. Oocytes and nutritive tissue are thought to have derived from common stem cells. From fine structural evidence it is concluded that ribosomes are one of the most important components to be transported via the nutritive cords into the oocytes. However, an increase in number of mitochondria in the middle-stage oocytes may also be a consequence of transport of these organelles from the nutritive tissue into the oocytes. Further characteristics make plausible that the interdependences of oocytes and nutritive tissue are comparable to those found in meroistic ovarioles of insects. The somatic components do not seem to be as important as the follicle cells of insects, however. It is assumed that the evolution of a nutrimentary oogenesis speeds up embryogenesis. Thus, the differentiation of the female gonad of Varroa jacobsoni may have facilitated the species' adaptation to a development completed in a short and limited time within the shelter of the covered brood cell of the bee.