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1.
The toxicity of cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, bark essential oil compounds against eggs and adult females of human head louse, Pediculus humanus capitis, was examined using direct contact and vapour phase toxicity bioassays and compared with the lethal activity of their related compounds, benzyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, cinnamyl acetate, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde, as well as two widely used pediculicides, d-phenothrin and pyrethrum. In a filter-paper contact toxicity bioassay with female lice at 0.25 mg/cm2, benzaldehyde was 29- and 27-fold more toxic than pyrethrum and d-phenothrin, respectively, as judged by median lethal time (LT50) values. Salicylaldehyde was nine and eight times more active than pyrethrum and d-phenothrin, respectively. Pediculicidal activity of linalool was comparable with that of d-phenothrin and pyrethrum. Cinnamomum bark essential oil was slightly less effective than either d-phenothrin or pyrethrum. Benzyl alcohol and (E)-cinnamaldehyde exhibited moderate pediculicidal activity. After 24 h of exposure, no hatching was observed with 0.063 mg/cm2 salicylaldehyde, 0.125 mg/cm2 benzaldehyde, 0.5 mg/cm2 Cinnamomum bark essential oil, 1.0 mg/cm2 (E)-cinnamaldehyde, and 1.0 mg/cm2 benzyl cinnamate. Little or no ovicidal activity was observed with d-phenothrin or pyrethrum. In vapour phase toxicity tests with female lice, benzaldehyde and salicylaldehyde were much more effective in closed containers than in open ones, indicating that the mode of delivery of these compounds was largely due to action in the vapour phase. Neither d-phenothrin nor pyrethrum exhibited fumigant toxicity. Cinnamomum bark essential oil and test compounds described merit further study as potential pediculicides or ovicides for the control of P. h. capitis. 相似文献
2.
Bhatia K Rahman S Ali M Raisuddin S 《Redox report : communications in free radical research》2006,11(6):273-279
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) bark has been claimed to possess anti-inflammatory, blood purifying, anticancer, depurative, diuretic and laxative activities. It contains several therapeutically active constituents, especially polyphenols. We studied the antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of walnut bark and its modulatory effect on cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced urotoxicity in Swiss albino male mice. Free radical-scavenging activity of extract was assessed in four in vitro assays. The phenolic and flavonolic contents of the extract were also measured. Walnut bark extract treatment (150 mg/kg p.o. x 10 days) resulted in protective restoration of decreased antioxidants in CP-treated (18 mg/kg i.p. x 10 days) animals. CP treatment caused decreases in the activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and in the glutathione (GSH) content in urinary bladder and a significant concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO). Administration of extract restored all the antioxidants significantly and lowered the elevated LPO in the bladder. A correlation between radical scavenging capacities of the extract with phenolic content was observed thus justifying its antioxidant potential against oxidative stress-mediated urotoxicity in mice. Walnut is reported to possess antiproliferative activity. Its protective effect on CP-induced toxicity in bladder is a promising activity, which warrants possible clinical investigations on this medicinal plant. 相似文献
3.
Hong Zhu Robin W. Rockhold Rodney C. Baker Robert E. Kramer Dr. Ing K. Ho 《Journal of biomedical science》2001,8(6):467-474
The effects of a single or repeated dermal administration of methyl parathion on motor function, learning and memory were investigated in adult female rats and correlated with blood cholinesterase activity. Exposure to a single dose of 50 mg/kg methyl parathion (75% of the dermal LD(50)) resulted in an 88% inhibition of blood cholinesterase activity and was associated with severe acute toxicity. Spontaneous locomotor activity and neuromuscular coordination were also depressed. Rats treated with a lower dose of methyl parathion, i.e. 6.25 or 12.5 mg/kg, displayed minimal signs of acute toxicity. Blood cholinesterase activity and motor function, however, were depressed initially but recovered fully within 1-3 weeks. There were no delayed effects of a single dose of methyl parathion on learning acquisition or memory as assessed by a step-down inhibitory avoidance learning task. Repeated treatment with 1 mg/kg/day methyl parathion resulted in a 50% inhibition of blood cholinesterase activity. A decrease in locomotor activity and impairment of memory were also observed after 28 days of repeated treatment. Thus, a single dermal exposure of rats to doses of methyl parathion which are lower than those that elicit acute toxicity can cause decrements in both cholinesterase activity and motor function which are reversible. In contrast, repeated low-dose dermal treatment results in a sustained inhibition of cholinesterase activity and impairment of both motor function and memory. 相似文献
4.
Effect of donepezil and lercanidipine on memory impairment induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin in rats 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) causes cognitive impairment in rats. ICV STZ is known to impair cholinergic neurotransmission by decreasing choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) levels, glucose and energy metabolism in brain and synthesis of acetyl CoA. However, no reports are available regarding the cholinesterase inhibitors in this model. In aging brain, reduced energy metabolism increases glutamate release, which is blocked by L-type calcium channel blockers. These calcium channel blockers have shown beneficial effects on learning and memory in various models of cognitive impairment. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of chronic administration of donepezil (cholinesterase inhibitor, 1 and 3 mg/kg) and lercanidipine (L-type calcium channel blocker, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg) on cognitive impairment in male Sprague-Dawley rats injected twice with ICV STZ (3 mg/kg) bilaterally on days 1 and 3. ICV STZ injected rats developed a severe deficit in learning and memory indicated by deficits in passive avoidance paradigm and elevated plus maze as compared to control rats. Cholinesterase activity in brain was significantly increased in ICV STZ injected rats. Donepezil dose-dependently inhibited cholinesterase activity and improved performance in memory tests at both the doses. Lercanidipine (0.3 mg/kg) showed significant improvement in memory. When administered together, the effect of combination of these two drugs on memory and cholinesterase activity was higher than that obtained with either of the drugs when used alone. 相似文献
5.
The effect of Quebrachitol (2-O-methyl-l-inositol), a bioactive component from Magonia glabrata fruit extract was investigated against gastric damage induced by absolute ethanol (96%, 0.2 ml/animal) and indomethacin (30 mg/kg, p.o.), in mice. Quebrachitol at oral doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg markedly attenuated the gastric lesions induced by ethanol to the extent of 69%, 64%, and 53% and against indomethacin by 55%, 59%, and 26%, respectively. While pretreatment with TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to block effectively the gastroprotective effect of quebrachitol (25 mg/kg) against ethanol damage, the non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 mg/kg, p.o.), almost abolished it. Furthermore, quebrachitol effect was significantly reduced in mice pretreated with l-NAME, or glibenclamide, the respective inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and K+ATP channel activation. Thus we provide the first evidence that quebrachitol reduces the gastric damage induced by ethanol and indomethacin, at least in part, by mechanisms that involve endogenous prostaglandins, nitric oxide release, and or the activation of K+ATP channels. 相似文献
6.
《Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry》2013,77(12):3114-3121
Protein from white lupin is capable of lowering plasma lipids. We investigated in this study the effect of total protein extracts (TPEs) from different cultivars of blue lupin (Probor, Vitabor and Boregine) and α-/β-conglutin from Boregine on the plasma lipids of rats. Rats were fed on a hypercholesterolemic diet containing either lupin protein (50 g/kg) or casein (50 g/kg) for 17 d. The rats fed with TPE from Vitabor and α-/β-conglutin had lower triglyceride concentrations in the plasma (?24% and ?21%, respectively) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL; ?40% and ?29%, respectively) than the rats fed with casein. TPE from Vitabor was also capable of lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (?37%). In the liver of the rats fed with TPE from Vitabor, the expression of the genes involved in triglyceride and cholesterol synthesis was down-regulated. This study shows that the Vitabor cultivar of blue lupin had the most beneficial effect on plasma lipids which was presumed to have been caused by the down-regulation of genes involved in lipid synthesis. 相似文献
7.
The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of Naringin on memory of unstressed and stressed Swiss young albino mice. Naringin (80?mg/kg, i.p.) and donepezil (10?mg/kg) were administered for 21 successive days to separate groups of unstressed and stressed mice. The nootropic activity was evaluated using elevated plus maze and Hebbs Williams Maze. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE), brain nitrite and plasma corticosterone levels were also estimated. unpredictable chronic mild stress was produced by using different stressors. Naringin (80?mg/kg) and donepezil significantly showed memory enhancing activity in both unstressed and stressed mice. Naringin significantly reduced brain AChE activity and brain nitrite levels in both unstressed and stressed mice. Naringin (80?mg/kg) significantly reversed scopolamine-induced amnesia in unstressed and stressed mice. 7-Nitroindazole [a neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor] and aminoguanidine (an inducible NOS inhibitor) significantly enhanced memory improving activity and brain nitrite decreasing effect of naringin in unstressed and stressed mice respectively. Plasma corticosterone levels were significantly decreased by naringin (80?mg/kg) in stressed mice as compared to its control. Thus, naringin showed memory enhancing activity in unstressed mice probably by decreasing brain AChE activity and by inhibition of neuronal NOS. The memory enhancing activity of naringin in stressed mice might be due to decrease in brain AChE activity, inhibition of inducible NOS and also by decreasing the elevated plasma corticosterone levels. 相似文献
8.
Magali Dumont Elizabeth Wille Noel Y. Calingasan Davide Tampellini Charlotte Williams† Gunnar K. Gouras Karen Liby† Michael Sporn† M. Flint Beal Michael T. Lin 《Journal of neurochemistry》2009,109(2):502-512
Oxidative stress is one of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and can markedly exacerbate amyloid pathology. Modulation of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways represents an important approach for AD therapy. Synthetic triterpenoids have been found to facilitate antioxidant response and reduce inflammation in several models. We investigated the effect of the triterpenoid, 2-Cyano-3,12-Dioxooleana-1,9-Dien-28-Oic acid-MethylAmide (CDDO-MA) in Tg19959 mice, which carry the human amyloid precursor protein with two mutations. These mice develop memory impairments and amyloid plaques as early as 2–3 months of age. CDDO-MA was provided with chow (800 mg/kg) from 1 to 4 months of age. CDDO-MA significantly improved spatial memory retention and reduced plaque burden, Aβ42 levels, microgliosis, and oxidative stress in Tg19959 mice. 相似文献
9.
Evodiamine, a major component of Evodia rutaecarpa, has been reported to possess various pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative stress, and neuroprotective effects. Our previous study has shown that the potential effects of evodiamine on the learning and memory impairments in the transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The present study was designed to investigate neuroprotective mechanism and therapeutic potential of evodiamine against intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced experimental sporadic Alzheimer’s disease in mice. STZ was injected twice intracerebroventrically (3 mg/kg ICV) on alternate days (day 1 and day 3) in mice. Daily oral administration with evodiamine (50 or 100 mg/kg per day) starting from the first dose of STZ for 21 days showed an improvement in STZ induced cognitive deficits as assessed by novel object recognition and Morris water maze test. Evodiamine significantly decreased STZ induced elevation in acetylcholinesterase activity and malondialdehyde level, and significantly increased STZ induced reduction in glutathione activities and superoxide dismutase activities in the hippocampus compared to control. Furthermore, evodiamine inhibited significantly glial cell activation and neuroinflammation (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels) in the hippocampus. Moreover, evodiamine increased the activity of AKT/GSK-3β signalling pathway and inhibited the activity of nuclear factor κB. In summary, our study suggests that evodiamine can be a novel therapeutic agent for the management of sporadic AD. 相似文献
10.
Carlos L. Zani Egler Chiari Antoniana U. Krettli Silvane M.F. Murta Mark L. Cunningham Alan H. Fairlamb Alvaro J. Romanha 《Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry》1997,5(12):2185-2192
Naphtho[2,3-b]thiophen-4,9-quinone and five derivatives were prepared using the Friedel-Crafts reaction and tandem-lithiation of aromatic diethylamides. These quinones were evaluated for their trypanocidal and anti-plasmodial activities by their effects on: (1) growth of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro, (2) lysis of trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi in murine blood, (3) growth of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro, and (4) inhibition of the recombinant enzyme trypanothione reductase. The parent compound, naphtho[2,3-b]thiophen-4,9-quinone (3a), was among the most active quinone tested in vitro against P. falciparum at 0.2 μM. However, it was inactive against P. berghei-infected mice treated with 2.3 mmol/kg daily for 5 days. Most of the quinones prepared were active against T. cruzi epimastigotes in culture but exhibited weak activity at 4 °C against trypomastigotes in murine blood as well against the enzyme trypanothione reductase. Further structural modifications will be necessary to improve the in vivo activity of the naphthothiophenquinones. 相似文献
11.
《Phytomedicine》2010,17(12):1101-1104
The present study was conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory activities of Pinus brutia bark extract and Pycnogenol® in a rat model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. Firstly, the compositions of both samples were determined using HPLC. Then, carrageenan-induced paw edema was used to assess anti-inflammatory activity in mice. Paw volume was measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after the injection of carrageenan. Intraperitoneal administration of both the extract and Pycnogenol® inhibited paw swelling dose-dependently at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after carrageenan injection. Both samples exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities at doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg body wt. between 2 and 4 hours after administration (p<0.05), respectively. Additionally, P. brutia bark extract showed significantly better activity at doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg body wt. than indomethacine at the dose of 10 mg/kg body wt. (p<0.05). No acute toxicity was identified in intraplantar injection of the extract at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body wt.. Therefore, P. brutia bark extract possessing 3.3-fold more total catechins and 9.8-fold more taxifolin than Pycnogenol® can be utilized as an anti-inflammatory agent. 相似文献
12.
Antidepressant-like effects of salvianolic acid B in the mouse forced swim and tail suspension tests
AimsSalvianolic acid B (SalB), one of the most abundant and bioactive compounds extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), shows neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo and in vitro. This research was intended to investigate the antidepressant effect of SalB by forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST).Main methodsSalB was extracted from S. miltiorrhiza roots and followed by HPLC analysis. Thirty five male C57BL/6 mice were divided into five groups: three SalB groups of different doses, one imipramine group, and one control group. The SalB groups received intraperitoneally (i.p.) 5 mg/kg SalB, 10 mg/kg SalB, and 20 mg/kg SalB respectively. At the same time, the imipramine group received 20 mg/kg imipramine, and the control group saline only. The behavioral tests including FST, TST and locomotor activity test were done after administration of drugs for consecutively three times, at 24, 1, and 0.5 h before the tests.Key findingsSalB, from S. miltiorrhiza with purity of 95%, significantly reduced the immobility time in both the FST and TST tests (doses at 5, 10, 20 mg/kg, i.p.), without changing locomotion in spontaneous motor activity.SignificanceThis data suggests that besides neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities, SalB has promising therapeutic potential in treatment of depressive disorders. 相似文献
13.
β-Lactotensin, a neurotensin NT2 agonist derived from β-lactoglobulin, has hypocholesterolemic activity after administration for 2 days at a dose of 30 mg/kg (i.p.) or 100 mg/kg (p.o.) for 2 days in mice fed a high-cholesterol/cholic acid diet. The onset of hypocholesterolemic activity of β-lactotensin was observed 90 min after a single i.p. or p.o. administration at the same dose as described above. Neurotensin also induced hypocholesterolemic activity 90 min after single i.p. administration at a dose of 2 μg per mouse but was ineffective after oral administration. The rapid onset of hypocholesterolemic activities of β-lactotensin and neurotensin was blocked by levocabastine (50 μg/kg), an NT2 antagonist, and raclopride (0.5 mg/kg), a dopamine D2 antagonist. 相似文献
14.
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite, capable of infecting a variety of mammals and birds. Development of vaccine against T. gondii would be of great medical and veterinary value. In this study, the DNA sequence encoding ROP2 from T. gondii was cloned into the muticopy mycobacterial expression vector, pMV262, under the control of the Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) hsp60 promoter, and electroporated into BCG. Following selection of kanamycin, the recombinant BCG/pMV262-ROP2 was constructed and the expression of ROP2 was confirmed by Western blotting. The BALB/c mice inoculated with the BCG/pMV262-ROP2 developed specific immune responses against ROP2 protein, and there was an obvious delay in the mortality curve than the control (P < 0.05). These results indicated that M. bovis BCG is an adequate vector to express and present antigens of T. gondii, and it may be used to further study the induction of protective immunity in other animals. 相似文献
15.
Marques S Pala H Alves L Amaral-Collaço MT Gama FM Gírio FM 《Journal of biotechnology》2003,100(3):209-219
Two enzymatic extracts obtained from xylan-grown Aspergillus terreus CCMI 498 and cellulose-grown Trichoderma viride CCMI 84 were characterised for different glycanase activities. Both strains produce extracellular endoxylanase and endoglucanase enzymes. The enzymes optimal activity was found in the temperature range of 45–60 °C. Endoglucanase systems show identical activity profiles towards temperature, regardless of the strain and inducing substrate. Conversely, the endoxylanases produced by both strains showed maximal activity at different pH values (from 4.5 to 5.5), being the more acidic xylanase produced by T. viride grown on cellulose. The endoglucanase activities have an optimum pH at 4.5–5.0. The endoxylanase and endoglucanase activities exhibited high stability at 50 °C and pH 5.0. Mannanase, β-xylosidase, and amylase activities were also found, being the first two activities only present for T. viride extract. These two enzymatic extracts were used for mixed office wastepaper (MOW) deinking. When the enzymatic extract from T. viride was used, a further increase of 24% in ink removal was obtained by comparison with the control. Both enzymes contributed to the improvement of the paper strength properties and the obtained results clearly indicate that the effective use of enzymes for deinking can also contribute to the pulp and paper properties improvement. 相似文献
16.
The production of a 70 kDa heat shock protein by Toxoplasma gondii RH strain in immunocompromised mice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. M. D. Miller C. Akratos A. M. Johnson N. C. Smith 《International journal for parasitology》2000,30(14):301-1473
A 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) has been reported previously to be strongly expressed in virulent Toxoplasma gondii strains taken from immunocompetent mice but it is poorly expressed by virulent parasites in mice immunocompromised by treatment with cortisone acetate or by virulent parasites cultured in vitro. Immune factors such as interferon-γ, tumour necrosis factor and reactive nitrogen intermediates derived from nitric oxide are known to be important inducers of HSP70 production and are also known to be produced during the immune response to acute T. gondii infection. The ability of these immune factors to induce T. gondii HSP70 production was tested by analysing HSP70 production in tachyzoites of the virulent RH strain of T. gondii recovered from mice deficient in: (1) T cells (nude mice); (2) T and B cells (SCID mice); (3) interferon-γ receptors (interferon-γ receptor knockout mice); and (4) tumour necrosis factor receptors (tumour necrosis factor receptor knockout mice). Parasites from nude and SCID mice produced as much HSP70 as immunocompetent mice. Likewise, T. gondii tachyzoites from mice lacking receptors for interferon-γ or tumour necrosis factor produced HSP70 in quantities similar to wild-type mice. The ability to produce reactive nitrogen intermediates in response to T. gondii infection, as detected by elevated levels of nitrate and nitrite in sera, was normal in tumour necrosis factor receptor knockout mice but was completely lacking in interferon-γ receptor knockout mice, indicating that reactive nitrogen intermediates are also not responsible for induction of parasite HSP70. Thus, immune factors that induce HSP70 production in mammalian cells do not appear to play primary roles in inducing HSP70 production by T. gondii. 相似文献
17.
The present study investigates the potential of lansoprazole (a proton pump inhibitor and agonist of liver x receptors) in experimental dementia of AD type. Streptozotocin [STZ, 3 mg/kg, injected intracerebroventricular (i.c.v), and high fat diet (HFD, administered for 90 days)] were used to induce dementia in separate groups of Swiss mice. Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to assess learning and memory of the animals. A battery of biochemical and histopathological studies were also performed. Extent of oxidative stress was measured by estimating the levels of brain reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS). Brain acetylcholinestrase (AChE) activity and serum cholesterol levels were also estimated. The brain level of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured as a marker of inflammation. STZ and HFD produced a marked decline in MWM performance of the animals, reflecting impairment of learning and memory. STZ/HFD treated mice exhibited a marked accentuation of AChE activity, TBARS and MPO levels along with a fall in GSH levels. Further, the stained micrographs of STZ/HFD treated mice indicated pathological changes, severe neutrophilic infiltration and amyloid deposition. Lansoprazole treatment significantly attenuated STZ and HFD -induced memory deficits, biochemical and histopathological alterations. It also prevented HFD-induced rise in the cholesterol level. Therefore, the findings demonstrate potential of lansoprazole in memory dysfunctions which may probably be attributed to its anti-cholinesterase, anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, both cholesterol-dependent as well as cholesterol-independent effects of lansoprazole appear to play a role. In addition study indicates the role of liver x receptors in dementia. 相似文献
18.
Bryzgalova G Effendic S Khan A Rehnmark S Barbounis P Boulet J Dong G Singh R Shapses S Malm J Webb P Baxter JD Grover GJ 《The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology》2008,111(3-5):262-267
Selective thyroid hormone receptor subtype-beta (TRbeta) agonists have received attention as potential treatments for hypercholesterolemia and obesity, but have received less attention as treatments for diabetes, partly because this condition is not improved in thyroid hormone excess states. The TRbeta selective agonist KB-141 induces 5-10% increases in metabolic rate and lowering of plasma cholesterol levels without tachycardia in lean rats, unlike the major active thyroid hormone, T(3). In the current study, we determined whether KB-141 promotes weight loss in obese animals and whether it exhibits anti-diabetogenic effects. Body weight, adiposity (DEXA), and lipid levels were examined following p.o. administration of KB-141 to obese Zucker fa/fa rats at 0.00547-0.547mg/kg/day for 21 days, and in ob/ob mice at 0.5mg/kg/day KB-141 for 7 days. In rats, KB-141 reduced body weight by 6 and 8%, respectively, at 0.167 and 0.0547mg/kg/day without tachycardia and adiposity was reduced at 0.167mg/kg/day (5-6%). In ob/ob mice, KB-141 lowered serum cholesterol (35%), triacylglycerols (35%) and both serum and hepatic free fatty acids (18-20%) without tachycardia. Treatment of ob/ob mice with KB-141 (0.0547 or 0.328mg/kg/day over 2 weeks) improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in a dose-dependent manner with no effect on heart rate. Thus, KB-141 elicits anti-obesity, lipid lowering and anti-diabetic effects without tachycardia suggesting that selective TRbeta activation may be useful strategy to attenuate features of the metabolic syndrome. 相似文献
19.
The present study was conducted to explore the anti-inflammatory activities of Pinus brutia bark extract and Pycnogenol® in a rat model of carrageenan-induced inflammation. Firstly, the compositions of both samples were determined using HPLC. Then, carrageenan-induced paw edema was used to assess anti-inflammatory activity in mice. Paw volume was measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after the injection of carrageenan. Intraperitoneal administration of both the extract and Pycnogenol® inhibited paw swelling dose-dependently at 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 h after carrageenan injection. Both samples exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activities at doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg body wt. between 2 and 4 hours after administration (p<0.05), respectively. Additionally, P. brutia bark extract showed significantly better activity at doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg body wt. than indomethacine at the dose of 10 mg/kg body wt. (p<0.05). No acute toxicity was identified in intraplantar injection of the extract at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body wt.. Therefore, P. brutia bark extract possessing 3.3-fold more total catechins and 9.8-fold more taxifolin than Pycnogenol® can be utilized as an anti-inflammatory agent. 相似文献
20.
Rapid cultivation of stable aerobic phenol-degrading granules using acetate-fed granules as microbial seed 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
cDNA-encoding pyranose 2-oxidase (P2O) from Trametes pubescens was sequenced and cloned into Escherichia coli strain BL21/DE3 on a multicopy plasmid under the control of trc promoter. The synthesis of P2O was studied in a batch culture in M9-based mineral medium: the enzyme was synthesized constitutively at 28 °C in amount corresponding to 8% of the cell soluble protein (0.6 U mg−1). Only small portion of P2O (11%) was in the form of non-active inclusion bodies. Purified recombinant enzyme has similar physico-chemical and kinetic parameters with other P2Os. When compared to the expression of p2o of Trametes ochracea, a ratio of the mature enzyme to inclusion bodies found in the same E. coli host at 28 °C is as much as nine times higher. The finding makes the enzyme from T. pubescens preferable for the large-scale production by recombinant bacteria. The difference in amino acid sequences of the P2O from T. ochracea and T. pubescens may explain the favourable trait of the latter enzyme regarding protein folding. 相似文献