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1.
Yun-He Li Qi-Zhu Chen Jie-Ning Xiao Yun-Feng Chen Xiao-Ju Li Christian Staehelin Xue-Lin Huang 《Plant Growth Regulation》2008,54(2):165-177
Cotyledon segments derived from zygote embryos of mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Zihua) were cultured on agar medium for 28 days. Depending on different pre-treatments with plant growth regulators,
two distinct patterns of adventitious roots were observed. A first pattern of adventitious roots was seen at the proximal
cut surface, whereas no roots were formed on the opposite, distal cut surface. The rooting ability depended on the segment
length and was significantly promoted by pre-treatment of embryos with indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) or indole-3-butyric acid
(IBA) for 1 h. A pre-treatment with the auxin transport inhibitor 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) completely inhibited adventitious
root formation on proximal cut surfaces. A second pattern of roots was observed on abaxial surfaces of cotyledon segments
when embryos were pre-treated with 2,700 μM 1-naphthalenacetic acid (NAA) for 1 h. Histological observations indicated that
both patterns of adventitious roots originated from parenchymal cells, but developmental directions of the root primordia
were different. A polar auxin transport assay was used to demonstrate transport of [3H] indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in cotyledon segments from the distal to the proximal cut surface. In conclusion, we suggest
that polar auxin transport plays a role in adventitious root formation at the proximal cut surface, whereas NAA levels (influx
by diffusion; carrier mediated efflux) seem to control development of adventitious roots on the abaxial surface of cotyledon
segments. 相似文献
2.
Molecular mechanism of adventitious root formation in rice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Adventitious roots account for the majority of the rice root system and play an irreplaceable role in rice growth and development. Rice adventitious roots are formed by division of the innermost ground meristem cells in the central cylinder, and some lateral roots are observable in the adventitious root system. Multiple hormones have been implicated in the regulation of root development. Auxin is involved in the initiation of adventitious roots, whereas cytokinin inhibits adventitious root initiation, but promotes adventitious root elongation. Other phytohormones such as nitric oxide, ethylene, brassinosteroid, jasmonic acid and gibberellin may be also involved in regulating adventitious root initiation and development. Additionally, more than 600 root development related quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been located by QTL analysis of root traits. 相似文献
3.
David G. Clark Erika K. Gubrium James E. Barrett Terril A. Nell Harry J. Klee 《Plant physiology》1999,121(1):53-60
Experiments with ethylene-insensitive tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and petunia (Petunia x hybrida) plants were conducted to determine if normal or adventitious root formation is affected by ethylene insensitivity. Ethylene-insensitive Never ripe (NR) tomato plants produced more below-ground root mass but fewer above-ground adventitious roots than wild-type Pearson plants. Applied auxin (indole-3-butyric acid) increased adventitious root formation on vegetative stem cuttings of wild-type plants but had little or no effect on rooting of NR plants. Reduced adventitious root formation was also observed in ethylene-insensitive transgenic petunia plants. Applied 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid increased adventitious root formation on vegetative stem cuttings from NR and wild-type plants, but NR cuttings produced fewer adventitious roots than wild-type cuttings. These data suggest that the promotive effect of auxin on adventitious rooting is influenced by ethylene responsiveness. Seedling root growth of tomato in response to mechanical impedance was also influenced by ethylene sensitivity. Ninety-six percent of wild-type seedlings germinated and grown on sand for 7 d grew normal roots into the medium, whereas 47% of NR seedlings displayed elongated tap-roots, shortened hypocotyls, and did not penetrate the medium. These data indicate that ethylene has a critical role in various responses of roots to environmental stimuli. 相似文献
4.
In order to study the capabilities of Periploca sepium adventitious root induction in different types of explants, we selected leaves, roots and stems with or without buds. The
growth of adventitious roots and periplocin content in these roots were determined. In order to investigate the suitable media
salt strength, we cultured the adventitious roots in different salt strength (0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) of Murashige and
Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 1 mg/l indole butyric acid (IBA) and 30 g/l sucrose. The results showed that both leaf
and root explants were proven suitable for the adventitious root induction; however, the stems could hardly induce adventitious
roots no matter whether the stems had buds or not. Further studies reported that adventitious root proliferation and periplocin
production derived from root explants were higher than those derived from leaf explants. So the root explants were the optimum
explants for adventitious root induction, growth and periplocin production. The salt strength experiment showed that with
the increasing salt strength (1.0–2.0 MS), adventitious root growth decreased significantly, as well as periplocin content
in comparison with lower (0.25–0.5 MS) salt strength media. 相似文献
5.
Architectural Tradeoffs between Adventitious and Basal Roots for Phosphorus Acquisition 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Adventitious rooting contributes to efficient phosphorus acquisition by enhancing topsoil foraging. However, metabolic investment
in adventitious roots may retard the development of other root classes such as basal roots, which are also important for phosphorus
acquisition. In this study we quantitatively assessed the potential effects of adventitious rooting on basal root growth and
whole plant phosphorus acquisition in young bean plants. The geometric simulation model SimRoot was used to dynamically model root systems with varying architecture and C availability growing for 21 days at 3 planting
depths in 3 soil types with contrasting nutrient mobility. Simulated root architectures, tradeoffs between adventitious and
basal root growth, and phosphorus acquisition were validated with empirical measurements. Phosphorus acquisition and phosphorus
acquisition efficiency (defined as mol phosphorus acquired per mol C allocated to roots) were estimated for plants growing
in soil in which phosphorus availability was uniform with depth or was greatest in the topsoil, as occurs in most natural
soils. Phosphorus acquisition and acquisition efficiency increased with increasing allocation to adventitious roots in stratified
soil, due to increased phosphorus depletion of surface soil. In uniform soil, increased adventitious rooting decreased phosphorus
acquisition by reducing the growth of lateral roots arising from the tap root and basal roots. The benefit of adventitious
roots for phosphorus acquisition was dependent on the specific respiration rate of adventitious roots as well as on whether
overall C allocation to root growth was increased, as occurs in plants under phosphorus stress, or was lower, as observed
in unstressed plants. In stratified soil, adventitious rooting reduced the growth of tap and basal lateral roots, yet phosphorus
acquisition increased by up to 10% when total C allocation to roots was high and adventitious root respiration was similar
to that in basal roots. With C allocation to roots decreased by 38%, adventitious roots still increased phosphorus acquisition
by 5%. Allocation to adventitious roots enhanced phosphorus acquisition and efficiency as long as the specific respiration
of adventitious roots was similar to that of basal roots and less than twice that of tap roots. When adventitious roots were
assigned greater specific respiration rates, increased adventitious rooting reduced phosphorus acquisition and efficiency
by diverting carbohydrate from other root types. Varying the phosphorus diffusion coefficient to reflect varying mobilities
in different soil types had little effect on the value of adventitious rooting for phosphorus acquisition. Adventitious roots
benefited plants regardless of basal root growth angle. Seed planting depth only affected phosphorus uptake and efficiency
when seed was planted below the high phosphorus surface stratum. Our results confirm the importance of root respiration in
nutrient foraging strategies, and demonstrate functional tradeoffs among distinct components of the root system. These results
will be useful in developing ideotypes for more nutrient efficient crops. 相似文献
6.
Jinqiang Zhang Tao Zhou Chen Zhang Wei Zheng Jun Li Weike Jiang Chenghong Xiao Dequn Wei Changgui Yang Rong Xu Anhui Gong Yan Bi 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2021,28(1):135-147
The adventitious roots of some plants will develop into tuberous roots which are widely used in many traditional Chinese medicines, including Pseudostellaria heterophylla. If adventitious root development is inhibited, the yield of Chinese medicinal materials will be reduced. Gibberellic acid is an important phytohormone that promotes plant growth and increases the resistance to drought, flood or disease. However, the effects of gibberellic acid on adventitious roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla are not clear. Here, we reports GA3 suppressed adventitious root development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla by disturbing the balance of endogenesis hormones. By detecting the contents of various endogenous hormones, we found that the development of adventitious roots negatively correlated with the content of CA3 in tuberous roots. Exogenous GA3 treatment decreased the diameter of adventitious roots, but increased the length of adventitious roots of Pseudostellaria heterophylla. In contrast, blocking the biosynthesis of GA3 suppressed stem growth and promoted the xylem of tuberous roots development. Moreover, exogenous GA3 treatment resulted in imbalance of endogenesis hormones by regulating their synthesis-related genes expression in xylem of tuberous roots. These results suggest GA3 broke the established distribution of hormones by regulating synthesis, transport and biological activation of hormones to activate the apical meristem and suppress lateral meristem. Regulating GA3 signaling during adventitious roots development would be one of the possible ways to increase the yield of P. heterophylla. 相似文献
7.
8.
Eric J. W. Visser Clementine J. Heijink Karen J. G. M. Van Hout Laurentius A. C. J. Voesenek Gerard W. M. Barendse Cornelis W. P .M. Blom 《Physiologia plantarum》1995,93(1):116-122
Adventitious rooting in Rumex plants, in which the root systems were in hypoxic conditions, differed considerably between two species. R. palustris, a species from frequently flooded river forelands, developed a large number of adventitious roots during hypoxia, whereas adventitious root formation was poor in R. thyrsiflorus, a species from seldom flooded dykes and river dunes. Adventitious rooting could also be evoked in aerated plants of both species by application of auxin (1-naphthaleneacetic acid or indoleacetic acid) to the leaves. The response to auxin was dose-dependent, but even high auxin doses could not stimulate R. thyrsiflorus to produce as many adventitious roots as R. palustris. Consequently, the difference between the species in the amount of adventitious root formation was probably genetically determined, and not a result of a different response to auxin. A prerequisite for hypoxia-induced adventitious root formation is the basipetal transport of auxin within the shoot, as specific inhibition of this transport by N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid severely decreased the number of roots in hypoxia-treated plants. It is suggested that hypoxia of the root system causes stagnation of auxin transport in the root system. This can lead to an accumulation of auxin at the base of the shoot rosette, resulting in adventitious root formation. 相似文献
9.
Induction and Characterization of Adventitious Roots Directly
from the Explants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Panax notoginseng</Emphasis> 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Adventitious roots from leafstalks and lateral roots were obtained directly from explants of Panax notoginseng. The lateral root explants were more sensitive to the induction of adventitious roots using indole-3-butyric acid. HPLC analysis
of saponins extracted from the adventitious roots indicated that several protopanaxatriol saponins were present but ginsenoside
Rd was missing, compared with the saponins extracted from the raw herbs. The dry weight of primary adventitious root culture
of Panax notoginseng increased 5.25 times during multiplication in a classical shaking-flask system, suggesting that it is a culture system with
great potential for scale-up.
Revisions requested 13 July 2005; Revisions received 1 September 2005 相似文献
10.
V. R. Anbazhagan C. H. Ahn E. Harada Y. S. Kim Y. E. Choi 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(6):494-501
Podophyllum peltatum is an important medicinal plant that produces podophyllotoxin (PTOX) with anti-cancer properties. We established the embryogenic
cell and adventitious root culture systems in P. peltatum and analyzed PTOX production. For the growth of embryogenic cell clumps in shake flask culture, the most efficient concentration
of 2,4-dichloroacetic acid (2,4-D) was 6.78 μM, and the growth of embryogenic cell clumps was 15.9-fold increased in Murashige
and Skoog MS liquid medium with 6.78 μM 2,4-D after 3 wk of culture. To induce adventitious roots, half-strength MS medium
showed the best results for adventitious root induction compared to full strength MS medium and MS medium lacking NH4NO3. Optimal indole-3-butyric acid concentration for adventitious root formation was 14.78 μM. In liquid medium, the frequency
of adventitious root formation from root segments was 87.7% and the number of laterally formed adventitious roots was 22.3
per segment. PTOX production in embryogenic cells and adventitious roots was confirmed by liquid chromatography and electrospray
ionization–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that adventitious roots
contained higher PTOX than embryogenic cell clumps. Elicitor treatment (20 μM methyl jasmonate) strongly enhanced the production
of PTOX in both embryogenic cell clumps and adventitious roots. This observation suggests that both embryogenic cell and adventitious
root culture can be adopted to produce PTOX. 相似文献
11.
Black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) is a boreal tree species characterized by the formation of an adventitious root system. Unlike initial roots from seed germination, adventitious roots gradually appear above the root collar, until they constitute most of mature black spruce root system. Little is known about the physiological role they play and their influence on tree growth relative to initial roots. We hypothesized that adventitious roots present an advantage over initial roots in acquiring water and nutrients. To test this hypothesis, the absorptive capacities of the two root systems were explored in a controlled environment during one growing season. Black spruce seedlings were placed in a double‐pot system allowing irrigation (25 and 100% water container capacity) and fertilization (with or without fertilizer) inputs independent to initial and adventitious roots. After 14 weeks, growth parameters (height, diameter, biomass), physiology (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, shoot water potential) and nutrient content (N, P, K, Ca and Mg foliar content) were compared. Most measured parameters showed no difference for the same treatment on adventitious or initial roots, except for root biomass. Indeed, fertilized black spruce seedlings invested heavily in adventitious root production, twice as much as initial roots. This was also the case when adventitious roots alone were irrigated, while seedlings with adventitious roots subjected to low irrigation produced initial root biomass equivalent to that of adventitious roots. We conclude that black spruce seedlings perform equally well through adventitious and initial roots, but if resources are abundant, they strongly promote development of adventitious roots. 相似文献
12.
Synergistic effects of plant growth retardants and IBA on the formation of adventitious roots in hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The synergistic effect of plant growth retardants, such as daminozide, paclobutrazol and triadimefon, and of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the formation of adventitious roots in hypocotyl cuttings of mung bean was studied. The three retardants and IBA all stimulated adventitious root growth, but IBA was the most effective. However, mixtures of the retardants with IBA have proven generally more effective than IBA alone in promoting adventitious root formation. When IBA was applied to the hypocotyls one day after cutting preparation followed by the growth retardant on the second day, there were even more adventitious roots produced than if applied in the reverse order. The effectiveness of the treatments were in the order, IBA followed by growth retardant, IBA + growth retardant together, and IBA alone.Abbreviations IBA
indole-3-butyric acid
- GA
gibberellin 相似文献
13.
生长素极性运输(PAT)在植物生长发育尤其是极性发育和模式建成中起重要作用.采用2种PAT抑制剂TIBA(2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid)和HFCA(9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid)处理水稻(Oryza sativa L. cv.Zhonghua)幼苗,结果表明:PAT影响水稻根发育包括主根的伸长、侧根的起始和伸长以及不定根的发育.PAT的抑制导致主根变短、侧根和不定根数目减少.外源附加生长素(NAA)可以部分恢复不定根的形成但不能恢复侧根的形成,表明在侧根和不定根的形成上可能具有不同的机制.切片结果表明,30μmol/TIBA处理后并不完全抑制侧根原基的形成,进一步研究表明生长素由胚芽鞘向基部的运输在水稻不定根的起始和伸长中起关键作用. 相似文献
14.
Kottackal Poulose Martin Chun-Lai Zhang Manoj Emanuel Hembrom Adrian Slater Joseph Madassery 《Plant biotechnology reports》2008,2(2):163-169
Roots of Ophiorrhiza prostrata D. Don serve as a rich source of camptothecin (CPT), an anticancer drug. Because of the large-scale collection of its roots,
the plant has become a threatened species. The present study accomplishes the induction of adventitious roots as a means for
the production of CPT as well as for the large-scale propagation of this anticancer drug plant using leaf and internode explants.
The biomass yield and CPT content of adventitious roots induced from different explants were compared to roots developed on
ex vitro rooted stem cuttings. Adventitious roots were produced on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented
with 10.74 μM α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 2.32 μM kinetin at mean fresh weights of 0.753, 0.739 and 0.748 g roots from leaf,
internode and shoot, respectively. CPT yield from in vitro derived roots after 50, 80 and 120 days of incubation (0.028, 0.06
and 0.1% dry weight, respectively) was not significantly different from those harvested at the same age from ex vitro rooted
(0.03, 0.06 and 0.13%, respectively) stem cuttings. CPT from subcultured roots derived from solid (0.08%) medium was lower
than from suspension culture medium (0.12%). Subsequent cultures of the adventitious roots showed a stable production of CPT
(0.16%). The yield of CPT from 360-day-old plant-derived roots was 0.19%. Elicitation using methyl jasmonate and acetyl salicylic
acid exhibited no enhancement in CPT yield. In vitro propagation through direct shoot regeneration was achieved from the adventitious
roots upon transfer to MS medium with 8.87 μM N
6-benzyladenine (BA) and 2.46 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with a mean of 21.2 shoots per culture in 50 days. The shoots
upon subculture on medium having the same level of BA and IBA underwent rapid proliferation. The shoots transferred to field
conditions after in vitro rooting exhibited 95% survival. Adventitious root induction, from leaf and internode explants, enables
the feasible production of CPT as well as the large-scale rapid propagation of this species which can safeguard it from extinction. 相似文献
15.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Akagare and Akiochi are diseases of rice associated with sulfide toxicity. This study investigates the possibility that rice reacts to sulfide by producing impermeable barriers in roots. METHODS: Root systems of rice, Oryza sativa cv. Norin 36, were subjected to short-term exposure to 0.174 mm sulfide (5.6 ppm) in stagnant solution. Root growth was monitored; root permeability was investigated in terms of polarographic determinations of oxygen efflux from fine laterals and the apices of adventitious roots, water uptake, anatomy and permeability to Fe2+ using potassium ferricyanide. KEY RESULTS: Both types of root responded rapidly to the sulfide with immediate cessation of growth, decreased radial oxygen loss (ROL) to the rhizospheres and reduced water uptake. Profiles of ROL measured from apex to basal regions of adventitious roots indicated that more intense barriers to ROL than normal were formed around the apices. Absorption of Fe2+ appeared to be impeded in sulfide-treated roots. In adventitious roots, deposition of lipid material (suberisation) and thickenings of walls within the superficial cell layers were obvious within a week after lifting the treatment and could prevent the emergence of laterals and commonly result in their upward longitudinal growth within the cortex. Death of laterals sometimes occurred prior to emergence; emergent laterals eventually died. In adventitious roots, blockages formed within the vascular and aeration systems in response to the sulfide. CONCLUSIONS: In both adventitious and lateral roots, sulfide-induced cell wall suberization and thickening of the superficial layers were correlated with reduced permeability to O2, water and Fe2+. This study sheds light on some of the symptoms of diseases such as Akiochi. The results correlate with the authors' previous findings on the effects on roots of sulfide and lower organic acids in Phragmites and of acetic acid in rice. 相似文献
16.
Relationships between the development of adventitious roots and the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in first internodes of sorghum 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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Stafford HA 《Plant physiology》1968,43(3):318-326
The initiation and subsequent growth of adventitious roots in excised first internodes of Sorghum vulgare var. Wheatland milo were studied to determine the effect of these processes on anthocyanin biosyntheses. Segmentation of the internodes inhibited both adventitious root growth and accumulation of cyanidin equally in all segments; these results can be interpreted as a common requirement for bidirectional longitudinal transport. The presence of the coleoptile, especially in the absence of the base of the internode, inhibited the growth of the roots, but increased the number of root initials. High intensities of white and blue light which induced cyanidin synthesis slightly decreased adventitious root growth. Anaerobic conditions produced by solution infiltration strongly inhibited the growth of adventitious roots and greatly increased the accumulation of apigeninidin and luteolinidin. Addition of indoleacetic acid, kinetin and cofactors such as pyridoxine produced effects on the initiation and subsequent growth of these roots similar to those effects reported in the literature. But unlike root formation in hypocotyls, the initiation of adventitious roots in Sorghum internodes was not always directly correlated with the accumulation of anthocyanins, and the subsequent growth of these roots was frequently inversely correlated with some of the anthocyanin biosyntheses. The possible nature of these correlations is discussed. Comparisons are made with related Sorghum lines and mutants. 相似文献
17.
生长素极性运输在水稻根发育中的作用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
生长素极性运输(PAT)在植物生长发育尤其是极性发育和模式建成中起重要作用。采用2种PAT抑制剂TIBA(2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid)和HFCA(9-hydroxyfluorene-9-carboxylic acid)处理水稻(Oryza sativa 1.cv.Zhonghua)幼苗,结果表明:PAT影响水稻根发育包括主根的伸长、侧根的起始和伸长以及不定根的发育。PAT的抑制导致主根变短、侧根和不定根数目减少。外源附加生长素(NAA)可以部分恢复不定根的形成但不能恢复侧根的形成,表明在侧根和不定根的形成上可能具有不同的机制。切片结果表明,30μmol/L TIBA处理后并不完全抑制侧根原基的形成,进一步研究表明生长素由胚芽鞘向基部的运输在水稻不定根的起始和伸长中起关键作用。 相似文献
18.
Yew Lee Dong-Eun Lee Hak-Soo Lee Seong-Ki Kim Woo Sung Lee Soo-Hwan Kim Myoung-Won Kim 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2011,105(1):9-19
Rutin is an economically valuable flavone compound with anticancer activity, dietary effects, and anti-aging activity. In
this study, callus and adventitious roots were induced from three Morus (mulberry) species. Among the three mulberry species tested for rutin production, roots of the Sugye (M.
alba L.) had the highest levels (242.2 μg/g fresh tissue) of rutin. In addition, the mature leaves of this type of tree promoted
higher levels of rutin compared to those of young leaves or those undergoing senescence. Adding auxins such as indole-3-acetic
acid (IAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and naphthalene-1-acetic acid (NAA) not only enhanced the development of
callus and adventitious roots but also increased the protein and rutin contents. In contrast, adding cytokinins such as 6-benzyladenine
(BA) and kinetin (KN) retarded callus and adventitious root development as well as the protein and rutin contents. Callus
in suspension culture in the presence of IAA produced more rutin than that in the absence of IAA. However, rutin secretion
into a medium was greater in the absence of IAA. Different ammonium/nitrate (AM/NI) ratios in a root suspension culture also
greatly affected rutin production and its secretion into a liquid medium. As a result, the highest level of rutin was produced
when adventitious roots were grown in a 34/66 AM/NI full-strength standard MS medium containing 5 mg/l IAA. 相似文献
19.
A. W. Wheeler 《Planta》1971,98(2):128-135
Summary Hypocotyls of detached stems standing in culture solution produced adventitious roots sooner than did petioles of detached primary leaves. An auxin, probably indol-3-ylacetic acid, appeared in the solutions before the hypocotyls or petioles produced roots. After attaining a maximum, the amounts of auxin in the solutions decreased as fewer roots were formed. Two cytokinins were found in the culture solutions; one had a similar Rf to zeatin, the other ran more slowly on chromatograms. The amounts of cytokinin in the solutions were associated with root formation. Stems soon died unless their hypocotyls formed roots, but the primary leaves survived without roots forming provided a callus formed on the petiole. Hence adventitious roots, or callus tissues, may have produced cytokinins that replaced those produced by the original roots, found in sap exuded from the stem stumps, and were essential for survival of the stems and leaves. 相似文献
20.
Xue-Yun Zhu Shi-Jie Chai Li-Ping Chen Ming-Fang Zhang Jing-Quan Yu 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,101(3):287-294
Adventitious roots were induced from shoots and leaves of the chimera plant TCC (LI-LII-LIII = TCC; T = Tuber mustard, C = Red
Cabbage), previously developed by in vitro grafting of tuber mustard (Brassica juncea) and red cabbage (B. oleracea). The regeneration frequency of adventitious roots from TCC shoots and leaf sections was markedly higher than that obtained
from the parents TTT (tuber mustard) and CCC (red cabbage). Moreover, levels of α-naphthaleneacetic acid in the culture medium
had lower effects on rooting efficiency of TCC chimeras compared to those of TTT and CCC. The number and fresh weight of adventitious
roots per TCC shoot, 13.11 roots and 0.274 g, respectively, were also significantly higher than those of the parents. This
demonstrated that replacing the histogenic LI layer (the outermost apical cell layer) with a different genotype might improve
adventitious root induction capability of these vegetative tissues due to likely synergistic effects between LI and the other
two histogenic layers, LII and LIII. Following polymerase chain reaction analysis and histological investigation, it was found
that these adventitious roots originated from the LIII histogenic layer. 相似文献