男性青少年脂肪组织分布与相对骨龄的关系——Fels追踪研究

本文对Fels追踪研究中8—17岁男性青少年的相对骨龄与脂肪分布类型之间的关系做了分析。按体重/身高~2调整后,如用每个年龄的三种皮褶厚度(ST)指数的均值表示脂肪分布类型的话,8—12岁时,脂肪分布类型呈外周型分布,但13岁后开始朝向心型发展呈全身性分布。如用肩胛下ST/(肩胛下ST+肱三头肌区ST)的比例表示的话,那么14—17岁时,相对骨龄早者(简称早组)与相对骨龄晚者(简称晚组)相比,前者有较明显的向心型分布倾向。13—14岁时,早组的上述比值的年增长明显大于晚组。但是,按脂肪分布类型指数等级的基线和体重/身高~2调整之后,7、11或14岁时的相对骨龄不能预测17岁时的脂肪分布类型指数的等级。所以,我们可以得出这样的结论:如按本文的比例指数加以定量的话,脂肪分布类型与男性青少年的相对骨龄只有微弱的关系。他们的脂肪分布类型可能与其它成熟指征(如男性青春期的第二性征)有明显的关系。     

开原县农村青少年膝部长骨干骺融合的研究

骨龄作为的生物学年龄是评价人的生长发育更为精确的指标,为了探讨骨龄与其它生长发育指标的关系,１９８５年我们选择了辽宁省开原县农村６－２３岁汉族健康青少年２０４６名（男１０６１,女９８５）进行膝部Ｘ线拍片观察和２３个指标的活体测量。同时对女性进行月经来来潮的问卷调查。研究结果表明,男性股骨下端干骺融合时间为１８．７岁,胫骨上端为２１．１岁,腓骨上端为１９．５岁;女性则分别为１７．７岁,１８．７岁和１     

儿童浅部真菌感染的情况分析

目的探讨儿童浅部真菌感染的流行特征和影响因素。方法收集2018年10月～2019年9月在我院皮肤科就诊的8343例0～14岁儿童的浅部真菌检测结果,并结合患儿的性别、年龄、季节及外环境温湿度等因素,分析儿童浅部真菌的感染情况和发病特征。结果就诊儿童浅部真菌感染率为17.20%(1435/8343),其中头癣144例、体癣235例、手癣27例、甲癣183例、股癣55例、足癣791例,足癣占比最高,达55.12%。经χ2检验,患儿菌丝总体检出率高于孢子(P 0.001),头癣患儿孢子检出率高于菌丝(P0.001),甲癣、股癣和足癣患儿菌丝检出率高于孢子(P0.001);就诊儿童浅部真菌感染率男性高于女性(P0.001),0～3岁儿童感染率最低(P0.001),夏季感染率最高而冬季感染率最低(P=0.002),不同性别、年龄和季节浅部真菌感染部位具有一定差异。经相关性分析,儿童浅部真菌感染率与月均温度明显相关,温度越高,浅部真菌感染率越高(P 0.001);儿童浅部真菌感染率与相对湿度之间不存在相关性(P=0.966)。结论浅部真菌感染是引起儿童皮肤症状的重要因素之一,不同类型浅部真菌感染的菌丝和孢子检出率具有一定差异,性别、年龄、季节和温度是影响儿童浅部真菌感染的重要因素。     

《人类学学报》第九卷(一九九○)总目录

第!期“蓝田人”的磁性地层年龄…………·”·’··”’·’··““””””‘““”“”””””””’‘””’”””’”“”‘’““’””………… 安企生、高万一、祝一志、阈小凤、王俊达、孙建中、魏明健(1)吉林榆树大桥屯发现的旧石器…………….……………………………··姜 鹏(8)长滨文化的若干问题……………………………………加藤晋平(邓 聪译)(16)手腕部和膝部骨龄之间的差异………………………席焕久、Alex F.Roche(20)国人眶外侧壁的孔和沟的观察……………………………………………薛良华(27)通过骨盆外侧测量推算…     

不同剂量的多乐氟对学龄前儿童尿氟浓度的影响

目的:观察儿童使用不同剂量的多乐氟氟化钠护齿剂(Duraphat)对其尿氟浓度的影响,为Duraphat应用于群防群治提供理论依据。方法:采用氟离子选择电极法,将53名3~4岁儿童按班别分成三组,分别使用0.2 m L及0.05 m L Duraphat涂布儿童牙齿,检测涂氟前和涂氟后1、2、3 d的尿氟浓度,并进行组内和组间比较。结果:各组使用Duraphat后尿氟浓度逐渐增加,涂氟后2 h开始与涂氟前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),涂氟后3~4 h尿氟浓度达到高峰,至21 h后与涂氟前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);3岁0.2 m L组与0.05 m L组在涂氟后2~4 h的尿氟浓度比较差异有显著性(P0.05),其他时间比较均无显著性差异(P0.05);0.05 m L3岁组与4岁组比较尿氟浓度无明显差别(P0.05);3岁初次用氟组和4岁多次用氟组涂氟前尿氟无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:儿童口腔局部用氟对其尿氟浓度有影响,随局部用氟剂量的增加而增加;年龄对儿童尿氟浓度无明显影响;Duraphat在体内无远期氟蓄积,在一定剂量内使用Duraphat可起到较好的防龋效果。     

青春期的生理发育

青春期又叫发身期,是儿童过渡到成年的时期,是人类个体发育中必然经历的过程。这一时期身体在形态、机能、性征、内分泌及心理各方面都发生巨大变化。青春期一般从体格形态第二次加速生长开始,到体格发育停止,性发育成熟而结束。青春期的年龄范围和分期可因种族、地区、性别及个体差异而有很大不同,女孩青春期开始和结束年龄比男孩约早两年。女孩青春期的年龄范围为9—22岁,男孩为11—24岁。由于每个儿童发育开始年龄、成熟年龄的不同以及发育速度的差异,故发育类型可分为早熟型、中间型及晚熟型三种。早熟型的特点     

外科手术增加人的血清抗黑变激素浓度

本工作测定了8个20—39岁男病人在外科手术前、手术中和手术后血清抗黑变激素(meLatonin)的浓度,样本均在日间(11—18时)静脉血中抽取,由甲烷抽提后,用放射免疫法来鉴定和测定浓度。实验结果表明在手术前和手术过程中抗黑变激素浓度高于手术后的浓度(P<0.05)。上述结果提示,增加抗黑变激素的分泌,其作用也许在于平衡应激状态下过量的反应。     

儿童抗幽门螺杆菌IgG和IgA水平的酶联免疫吸附试验检测

目的：了解北京地区儿童幽门螺杆菌（Hp)的感染状况,探讨儿童幽门螺杆菌感染与年龄、性别的关系,比较分析HP感染后血清中抗体(IgG、IgA)水平。方法：采用ELISA方法对我院消化道门诊227例患儿同时检测血清抗Hp抗体IgG、IgA,任一项阳性者即诊断为Hp感染。结果：(1)227例门诊患儿Hp平均感染率53．7％,男孩感染率57．1％,女孩48．1％。(2)3岁以下就诊儿童Hp感染率57．1％,4—7岁组39．1％,8—12岁组60．5％,13岁以上47．1％;其中66．9％(81／120)的Hp阳性患儿在8—12岁之间;(3)HP感染总阳性率53．7％;若单独检测IgG,阳性率42．7％,假阴性率11％;单独检测IgA,阳性率22％,假阴性率31．7％;两项诊断符合率达57．3％。结论：北京地区儿童幽门螺杆菌感染率较高。有消化道症状伴HP感染的患儿以8—12岁居多,其感染率明显高于全国无症状儿童平均染率。儿童Hp感染性别差异无显著性,感染后血清抗体水平IgG显著高于IgA,同时检测IgG、IgA有助于提高ELISA方法Hp的感染检出率。     

武陵山区苗族儿童少年体质发育

为了探讨武陵山区苗族儿童少年体质发育特征及其规律。本文采用人体测量学的方法 , 对武陵山区苗族儿童少年17项体质发育指标进行测量, 计算11项体质指数。结果表明: 1)苗族儿童少年生长发育的各项指标均值随年龄的增长而增加; 2)苗族男女性的生长发育曲线呈上升趋势并且有交叉现象; 3)苗族男性的身高突增年龄为12-14岁, 女性则为11-13岁; 4)苗族学生的身高均值低于同龄其他民族学生; 5)苗族学生的体质指数年龄变化规律与其他民族基本相似, 但身体各部分的发育程度不相同; 6)苗族学生的维尔维克指数均值高于同龄马山壮族学生。研究显示苗族儿童少年体质发育符合一般生长发育规律, 并有性别差异, 苗族男女生的体质发育相对落后于汉族等其他民族。     

麦洼牦牛肉品质相关特性研究

本研究针对麦洼牦牛各年龄(0.5岁、1.5岁、2.5岁)、各部位(背最长肌、辣椒条、小黄瓜条)中品质相关特性(风味物质与活性物质含量)做了比较分析。结果表明:随年龄增长,肌苷、肌苷酸、牛磺酸以及谷胱甘肽在不同部位中有增加趋势;肝素钠在背最长肌中随年龄增长有增加趋势,硫胺素在辣椒条中有随年龄增长而下降趋势;谷氨酸钠与L-肉碱的含量随年龄增长无显著改变(P>0.05)。不同部位之间比较,背最长肌与小黄瓜条的风味物质含量高于辣椒条。背最长肌由于肝素钠含量较高,对老年人健康有更高的营养价值,而其他部位含有较丰富的牛磺酸、L-肉碱和谷胱甘肽,对青少年健康更有益处。     

Body height,weight, and skeletal maturation in Hottentot (Khoikhoi) children

Growth of body height and weight and skeletal maturation are discussed, based on 49 male and 61 female Hottentot children aged 3 to 17 years from Warmbad, Namibia (South West Africa) and 124 boys and 113 girls aged 1 to 21 years of related populations, the Rehoboth Basters of Namibia and Cape Coloreds from Cape Town, South Africa. The related populations are taller and heavier than the Hottentots, and have almost the same body height as American blacks and whites at least after the age of 18 years. In the Hottentots and Rehoboth Basters, the mean TW2 skeletal age is always less than the British standard by one or two years in both sexes. In general, the Rehoboth Basters have a skeletal age that is intermediate between Hottentot and British children. In both Hottentots and Rehoboth Basters, the increase in body height shows a linear relation to the skeletal age, and the regression curves are almost parallel in both sexes. The differences in body height and weight between the Hottentots and Rehoboth Basters become greater after the skeletal ages of 15 years for boys and 13 years for girls.     

青海藏族青少年骨龄与生长发育关系研究

本文报告了青海省境内,世居在海拔3000-4000米地区的728名7-18岁健康藏族青少年学生的手、腕部骨骼发育情况,对骨化中心出现和骨骺愈合求出了50%出现年龄,并对骨龄与青春期身高突增的关系及与月经初衬潮的关系进行了分析。     

Gender-specific growth patterns of transversal body dimensions in Croatian children and youth (2 to 18 years of age)

In a cross-sectional study of growth, 5,260 healthy children of both sexes from Zagreb (Croatia) aged 2 to 18 years were measured. Six transversal body dimensions were studied: biacromial, transverse chest, antero-posterior chest, biiliocristal, bicondylar humerus and bicondylar femur diamters. A significant increase in body diameters has been observed until the age of 14 to 15 in girls and until the age of 16 in boys, showing that girls have a 1 to 2 years shorter period of growth. Compared to boys of the same age, they achieved larger amounts of final transversal bone size throughout the whole growth period. The most pronounced example was the knee diameter that in girls attained 95% of adult size as early as the age of 10. In both genders, the adult size is achieved earlier in widths of the extremities than in those of the trunk. The studied transversal body segments showed different growth dynamics, which is gender-specific. While sexual dimorphism in pelvic and shoulder diameters emerged with pubertal spurt, gender differences in chest and extremities' diameters started early in life. In all ages, boys had larger chest, elbow and knee diameters. In pubertal age boys gained a significantly larger biacromial diameter (from the age of 13 onwards), while girls exceeded them in biiliocristal diameter (from 10 to 14 years). The findings of gender differences were compared to those reported for other European populations and their growth patters were discussed comparing viewpoints.     

Maxillary volume growth in childhood

Nasomaxillary abnormalities in form, position, and development in children are often prominent features of craniosynostosis, and in particular, craniofacial dysostosis. While attempting to quantitatively assess the volumetric maxillary deficiency in these patients, it became apparent that there was no "normal" reference range for maxillary volumes throughout childhood that could be used for comparison. The aim of this study was to generate a model for measuring maxillary volume and subsequent changes throughout childhood. The technique of segmentation was applied to magnetic resonance images obtained in 55 healthy children (30 boys, 25 girls), aged 1 month to 184 months (15.33 years). Maxillary volumes were plotted against age for boys and girls to create a model for normal maxillary growth during the first 15 years of life. Maxillary volumes were larger in boys at all ages. However, the pattern of maxillary growth in boys and girls was similar and could be divided into three periods, each lasting approximately 5 years. During the first 5 years of life, there is a steady increase in maxillary volume, at the end of which the maxilla has reached 53 percent of the volume recorded at 15 years. There is an accelerated rate of growth between 5 and 11 years, which corresponds to the development and eruption of the permanent dentition. Thereafter, until the age of 15 years, the rate of growth of the maxilla plateaus. Maxillary volume in the first 12 months of life is, on average, 29 cm3 in boys and 25 cm3 in girls. By 15 years of age, it has increased to an average of 73.0 cm3 in boys and 59.4 cm3 in girls (an increase by a factor of 2.5 in boys and 2.4 in girls). The difference between the two sexes is statistically significant for the entire series (boys: mean maxillary volume = 56.55 cm3, SD = 24.61; girls: mean maxillary volume = 40.68, SD = 17.69, p = 0.009, one-way analysis of variance).     

Skeletal maturity of Japanese children in Western Kyushu

This paper describes the skeletal maturity status of Japanese children in Western Kyushu and its variation within Japanese populations. Hand-wrist skeletal maturity was assessed by the Tanner-Whitehouse (1975) (TW2) method from radiographs of 500 boys and 485 girls aged from 4 to 15 years. Western Kyushu children showed retarded skeletal maturity scores (RUS, carpals, and 20-bone) under the age of 12 years for boys and 10 years for girls, and thereafter they were advanced in relation to the British standard. Within Japanese populations the present sample showed delayed maturity compared to Tokyo children, but was close to that of Sapporo children throughout the age range studied. However, the expected effect of secular trend suggested skeletal maturity more advanced for Tokyo children and somewhat advanced one for Sapporo children compared to that of Western Kyushu children.     

Bone maturation reflects the secular trend in growth

The aim of this study was to compare a series of X-rays from the mid-1990s with another taken in the mid-1980s in order to test the possibility that environmental causes affect the skeletal maturation. The first group of subjects included a total of 1,057 girls and 1, 055 boys participating in a project for Japan and China health research in 1986. The second group of subjects included a total of 382 girls and 629 boys participating in a project for bone mineral density research in 1996. The skeletal maturity score using the Tanner-Whitehouse 2-RUS method was used as the fundamental datum. This score was used to represent each group. The Wilcoxon's rank sum test was applied to examine the significance of the difference between the 1986 and the 1996 groups. The 1996 children had not matured more than the 1986 children; children in both groups reached the given scores at almost the same ages. In girls, there was little difference between the groups at 7 years of age, but it declined from 8 years of age onward. Some apparent differences arose at ages 14 and 15, but ceased by age 16 in girls. In boys, no differences were found in those aged from 7 to 17 years, except for 12-year-olds. We did not detect much of a difference in bone maturation between the 1986 and 1996 groups of children, and no differences in height during the same period. Our findings suggest that bone maturation reflects the secular trend in growth.