Succession of a Southern Appalachian Mountain Wetland Six Years following Hydrologic and Microtopographic Restoration

Microtopography, which is known to play a key role in the structure and function of wetland communities, is receiving increasing attention in wetland restoration projects. One goal of the Tulula Wetlands Mitigation Bank, which was the first large-scale wetland restoration project in the Blue Ridge Province, was to restore the microtopography in a degraded swamp forest–bog complex. This wetland type has become increasingly rare in the southern Appalachians and is characterized by a distinct microtopography of depressions and low ridges. We examined vegetation and soils in depression and ridge plots over a 6-year period, during which the hydrology and microtopography of the floodplain were restored. Our results showed that the flora of the depression and ridge plots differed, with greater coverage by obligate wetland species in the depression plots but greater overall taxonomic richness in the ridge plots. The edaphic characteristics that we measured varied very little during the study period. Creating microtopographic relief during the restoration of this wetland seems to have provided a variety of niches and may have increased the likelihood that the site will succeed back to a swamp forest–bog complex, rather than as a forested terrace of Tulula Creek.     

暖温带森林土壤微生物量、群落结构和活性对植物地下碳源的响应

该研究以典型的亚热带—温带过渡区森林为对象,采用野外过程监测和控制试验相结合的方法,利用磷脂脂肪酸和土壤胞外酶活性分别表征土壤微生物群落结构和活性,并结合微环境因子,重点探究土壤微生物生物量、群落结构和活性对植物地下碳输入的响应特征。结果表明：在观测周期内,处理均能显著降低三组年龄段林分的土壤微生物量碳,其变化幅度在－8.72％~－5.72％之间,其中在80年的林分中降幅最大,而在160年的林分中降幅最小;微生物量氮的变化规律与相应的微生物量碳的变化规律相似,但与对照相比其差异性均未达到显著性水平;另外,经壕沟处理2~4个月后,所有林分的土壤微生物量碳和氮与对照相比出现增加的现象。处理均能对三组年龄段林分的土壤微生物群落结构产生不同程度的影响,其中40年林分的土壤微生物群落对处理的响应程度要高于另外两个年龄段的林分;与对照相比,壕沟处理样方的腐生真菌的相对丰富度均下降明显,其中在40年和80年林分中的下降幅度达到显著水平,而细菌、放线菌和丛枝菌根真菌均无明显变化;壕沟处理样方的水解酶(β-葡萄糖苷酶和N-乙酰-葡萄糖苷酶)活性均显著下降,而氧化酶(酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶)活性的变化相对较小,除80年的林分外,其余林分均不显著。此外,处理均不能显著影响土壤的含水量和温度。该研究结果为初步阐明全球气候变化背景下森林土壤微生物结构及其功能的变化特征以及更加精确预测未来森林土壤碳的变化趋势提供了科学依据。     

三江平原4种典型湿地土壤碳氮分布差异和微生物特征

选择三江平原洪河湿地保护区4种典型湿地类型：小叶章+沼柳湿地、小叶章湿地、毛苔草湿地和芦苇湿地作为研究对象,分析了不同湿地土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)含量和微生物活性指标(土壤蔗糖酶、纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶、微生物生物量碳MBC、微生物生物量氮MBN、微生物呼吸速率MBR、微生物商q_MB和代谢商q CO₂)的变化及其相互关系.结果表明： SOC和TN含量均随土层深度增加而减少,不同湿地类型之间具有极显著性差异(P<0.01).各湿地土壤酶活性(除过氧化氢酶)、MBC、MBN含量和MBR均以表层(0～10 cm)最高,并随着土层深度的增加而降低.在0～30 cm土层内,小叶章+沼柳湿地和小叶章湿地SOC、TN含量、土壤酶活性、MBC、MBN含量、MBR、q_MB和qCO₂均高于淹水区的毛苔草湿地和芦苇湿地.统计分析表明,SOC、TN与微生物活性指标(qCO₂除外)均存在极显著正相关关系(P<0.01).表明研究区土壤微生物特征对SOC、TN的变化具有重要的影响和指示作用.     

Responses of Pioneer and Later‐Successional Plant Assemblages to Created Microtopographic Variation and Soil Treatments in Riparian Forest Restoration

Riparian forest restoration generally involves introduction of later‐successional tree species, but poor species suitability to severely altered or degraded site conditions results in high mortality and poor community development. Additionally, while microtopographic heterogeneity plays a crucial role in the development of natural riparian forests, little is known regarding effects of restored or created microtopography on the development of introduced plant communities. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of created microtopography and soil treatments on early development of introduced pioneer and later‐successional plant communities in riparian forest restoration. Ridges, flats, and a mound‐and‐pool complex were created, and pioneer and later‐successional tree assemblages were planted within plots in each of these three microtopographic positions. Straw‐based erosion control mats were placed on half the plots as a source of mulch. After two growing seasons, growth and survival of the pioneer assemblage were equal among microtopographic positions, but survival of the later‐successional assemblage was significantly higher on ridges (59%) than on mounds and pools (22%) and flats (26%). A suitability index indicated that performance of the later‐successional assemblage on ridges was higher than that of the pioneer assemblage for all microtopographic positions. Flood duration explained much of the variation in plant assemblage survival, and erosion control mats had little influence on seedling survival. Restoring microtopographic features has the potential to enhance species survival and promote community development. Microtopographic restoration may be as important in riparian forest restoration as proper species selection and hydrologic reestablishment, especially at severely disturbed sites.     

Short-term Responses of Soil C and N Fractions to Tall Fescue Endophyte Infection

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is naturally infected with a fungal endophyte, Neotyphodium coenophialum, which produces toxic ergot alkaloids that negatively affect herbivores and that may alter soil organic matter dynamics. A 60-week mesocosm study with a factorial arrangement of soil type (clay loam and loamy sand) and endophyte infection (with and without) was conducted to determine potential changes in soil C and N fractions. Forage and root dry-matter production were greater with than without endophyte infection, while forage C and N concentrations were unaffected. Total, particulate, mineralizable, and aggregate-associated C and N fractions increased several fold during the course of the experiment due to large rhizosphere inputs in all treatments. The fraction of total C and N in water-stable macroaggregates (>0.25 mm) was initially 0.43 ± 0.10 and 0.46 ± 0.16, respectively, and increased during the course of the experiment to 0.68 ± 0.06 and 0.56 ± 0.15 when averaged across soil type and endophyte infection level as a result of organic matter cycling and deposition in this active biophysical fraction. Changes in soil C and N fractions due to endophyte infection were minimal. The lack of detectable changes in soil C and N fractions due to endophyte infection may have been a result of the overwhelming input of C from roots and/or the relatively short-term nature (60 weeks). Greater plant productivity of endophyte-infected tall fescue is likely a contributing mechanism for eventual changes in total and active C and N fractions that have been observed in long-term pastures.     

长期模拟升温对崇明东滩湿地土壤微生物生物量的影响

以崇明东滩芦苇湿地为对象,采用开顶室生长箱(Open top chambers OTCs)原位模拟大气升温试验,研究了连续升温8a对崇明东滩湿地0—40cm土层土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量的影响。结果表明:连续升温显著提高了崇明东滩湿地土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量,从土壤表层到深层(0—10,10—20,20—30,30—40cm),微生物生物量碳分别增加了39.32%、70.79%、65.20%、74.09%,微生物生物量氮分别增加了66.46%、178.27%、47.24%、64.11%。但升温对土壤微生物生物量的影响因不同土层和不同季节并未表现出统一的规律,长期模拟升温显著提高4月0—20cm土层和7月0—40cm土层微生物生物量碳氮含量,对10月0—40cm土层微生物生物量碳含量没有影响,但是显著提高了10月0—40cm土层微生物生物量氮含量,同时,微生物生物量碳氮比在7月也显著提高。相关分析表明:无论在升温条件还是在对照条件下,土壤温度、含水量、总氮与土壤微生物生物量碳氮及微生物生物量碳氮比均无相关关系,升温条件下,有机碳与微生物生物量碳氮含量以及微生物生物量碳氮比呈显著正相关,但是在对照条件下有机碳与微生物生物量碳氮含量以及微生物生物量碳氮比呈显著负相关。因此,土壤有机碳是影响土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量对长期模拟升温响应的重要生态因子。     

生物炭及炭基硝酸铵对土壤微生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响

以小麦-玉米轮作交替种植下的田间试验为平台,探讨施用生物炭及3种炭基硝酸铵氮肥对土壤主要化学肥力因子、土壤微生物量碳、氮和酶活性的影响。田间试验共设6个处理,依次为:对照(施磷、钾肥,CK);生物炭(BC);硝酸铵氮肥(AN);掺混型生物炭基氮肥(CH);固-液吸附型生物炭基氮肥(XF);化学反应型生物炭基氮肥(FY)。结果表明,生物炭及3种生物炭基氮肥均显著提高土壤有机碳含量,并有效降低了有效磷和速效钾的含量。与CK处理相比较,CH、BC处理的土壤微生物量碳含量分别增加了22.10%、17.45%,而AN、XF、FY 3个处理则分别减少了9.09%、10.86%、1.46%;不同施肥处理土壤微生物量氮较CK均有增加,且BC、XF处理差异达显著水平,BC处理的增幅最大,达66.53%,XF处理的增幅次之,达到了62.78%,AN处理的增幅最小,为24.86%。与CK处理比较而言,FY、XF、CH均增加土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性,且增加效应均依次减弱,FY、XF处理均增加碱性磷酸酶活性,而CH处理降低了碱性磷酸酶活性。FY、XF、CH较CK处理均可显著增加小麦产量,增产率分别为36.61%、22.58%、20.72%,且增产效果依次减弱。     

三峡库区消落带重建植被下土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量特征

为探究三峡库区消落带植被重建后,土壤微生物生物量含量特征及影响因素,对忠县消落带人工重建植被土壤及裸地土壤(作为对照)微生物生物量碳氮含量进行了调查研究。结果表明:(1)在消落带165-175 m高程土壤微生物生物量碳含量草地林地农耕地裸地,微生物生物量氮含量规律与微生物生物量碳一致,农耕地明显提高;土壤微生物生物量总体呈现出草地最高、林地和农耕地次之,裸地最低的趋势,表明进行消落带植被恢复对土壤微生物生物量有显著的促进作用。(2)不同植被类型下,土壤微生物生物量碳氮比变化范围为8.02-10.25,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮占土壤有机碳、全氮的百分比范围分别是2.40%-4.60%和2.13%-3.58%,其中林地对土壤碳、氮库贡献显著高于裸地(P0.05)。(3)土壤微生物生物量碳、氮与土壤有机碳、全氮和pH值呈现显著相关性,与土壤含水量呈现极显著相关性,说明消落带重建植被土壤的这些理化性质对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量有强烈的影响。因此,在三峡库区消落带进行植被恢复重建能显著提高土壤微生物生物量及土壤质量,对加强三峡库岸生态系统的稳定性具有重要意义。     

不同浓度石灰氮对黄瓜连作土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响

为分析比较不同浓度石灰氮对连作黄瓜田土壤环境的作用效果,通过2年温室定位试验,在黄瓜秸秆还田的基础上以不施石灰氮为对照(CK),研究施用\[高浓度石灰氮1350 kg·hm^-2(CaCN₂ 90)、中浓度石灰氮900 kg·hm^-2(CaCN₂ 60)、低浓度石灰氮450 kg·hm^-2(CaCN₂ 30)\]对连作黄瓜土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物生物量氮(SMBN)及酶活性的影响.结果表明：与其他处理相比,CaCN₂ 90显著降低苗期0～10 cm 土层SMBC,但增加了初瓜期后0～20 cm土层SMBC.施用石灰氮处理均显著提高了末瓜期0～20 cm土层SMBC及盛瓜期至末瓜期0～10 cm土层SMBN,但第1年（2012年）不同石灰氮用量间无明显规律,第2年(2013年)盛瓜期后SMBN随着石灰氮施用浓度的增加而升高.施用石灰氮有利于秸秆的腐熟,提高土壤有机质含量,且石灰氮浓度越高越有利于秸秆的腐熟.相比对照,施用石灰氮能有效提升土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性,其中脲酶活性随石灰氮浓度的增加升高,而多酚氧化酶活性随石灰氮浓度的增加而降低,CaCN₂ 60可有效提高过氧化氢酶活性.相关分析表明：土壤有机质、脲酶及过氧化氢酶活性与SMBC、SMBN呈极显著正相关,多酚氧化酶活性与SMBC、SMBN呈显著负相关.表明黄瓜秸秆还田后施用石灰氮900 kg·hm^-2能够改善温室黄瓜连作田土壤环境,有效减缓温室黄瓜连作障碍.     

Soil Biological and Chemical Properties in Restored Perennial Grassland in California

Restoration of California native perennial grassland is often initiated with cultivation to reduce the density and cover of non‐native annual grasses before seeding with native perennials. Tillage is known to adversely impact agriculturally cultivated land; thus changes in soil biological functions, as indicated by carbon (C) turnover and C retention, may also be negatively affected by these restoration techniques. We investigated a restored perennial grassland in the fourth year after planting Nassella pulchra, Elymus glaucus, and Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. californicum for total soil C and nitrogen (N), microbial biomass C, microbial respiration, CO₂ concentrations in the soil atmosphere, surface efflux of CO₂, and root distribution (0‐ to 15‐, 15‐ to 30‐, 30‐ to 60‐, and 60‐ to 80‐cm depths). A comparison was made between untreated annual grassland and plots without plant cover still maintained by tillage and herbicide. In the uppermost layer (0‐ to 15‐cm depth), total C, microbial biomass C, and respiration were lower in the tilled, bare soil than in the grassland soils, as was CO₂ efflux from the soil surface. Root length near perennial bunchgrasses was lower at the surface and greater at lower depths than in the annual grass–dominated areas; a similar but less pronounced trend was observed for root biomass. Few differences in soil biological or chemical properties occurred below 15‐cm depth, except that at lower depths, the CO₂ concentration in the soil atmosphere was lower in the plots without vegetation, possibly from reduced production of CO₂ due to the lack of root respiration. Similar microbiological properties in soil layers below 15‐cm depth suggest that deeper microbiota rely on more recalcitrant C sources and are less affected by plant removal than in the surface layer, even after 6 years. Without primary production, restoration procedures with extended periods of tillage and herbicide applications led to net losses of C during the plant‐free periods. However, at 4 years after planting native grasses, soil microbial biomass and activity were nearly the same as the former conditions represented by annual grassland, suggesting high resilience to the temporary disturbance caused by tillage.     

黄土高原不同土壤微生物量碳、氮与氮素矿化势的差异

以采自于黄土高原差异较大的25个农田石灰性耕层土壤为供试土样,对黄土高原主要类型土壤中微生物量碳(Bc)、微生物量氮(BN)和氮素矿化势(NO)的差异性进行了比较研究.结果表明,Bc、BN和NO在不同类型土壤间存在显著差异,由关中平原至陕北风沙区,BC、Bn和NO总体呈现下降趋势,其中以土垫旱耕人为土最高,简育干润均腐土最低,黄土正常新成土和干润砂质新成土居中:土垫旱耕人为土、简育干润均腐土、黄土正常新成土和干润砂质新成土等各土类平均BC分别为305.2μg·g-1,108.4μg·g-1,161.7μg·g-1和125.4μg·g-1,BN分别为43.8μg·g-1,20.3μg·g-1,26.0μg·g-1和30.6μg·g-1,NO分别为223μ·g-1,75μg·g-1,163μg·g-1和193μg·g-1.土壤氮素矿化速率(k)则以简育干润均腐土最大,干润砂质新成土最低,土垫旱耕人为土和黄土正常新成土居中:土垫旱耕人为土、简育干润均腐土、黄土正常新成土和干润砂质新成土的k分别为0.039w-1,0.044w-1,0.031w-1和0.019w-1.不同类型土壤BC、BN与NO的差异,主要与土壤形成过程、输入土壤的植物同化产物和土壤有机质的差异等有关,从较大尺度进一步证明了在黄土高原,土壤有机质是影响BC、BN的主要因子.研究结果对分析黄土高原土壤生产力形成过程具有一定参考价值.     

黄土高原不同生长阶段油松人工林土壤微生物生物量碳的变化及其影响因素

以撂荒地为对照,油松人工幼龄林(13～15 a)、中龄林(25～27 a)和成熟林(41～43 a)为研究对象,分析了黄土高原典型油松人工林不同生长阶段土壤微生物生物量碳的变化特征及其影响因素.结果表明: 油松幼龄林、中龄林和成熟林土壤微生物生物量碳分别为93.08、122.64和191.34 mg·kg^-1,随发育阶段呈显著增加趋势,且显著高于撂荒地(42.93 mg·kg^-1).土壤微生物生物量碳随土层深度呈逐渐降低的趋势,在0～20 cm土层油松幼龄林、中龄林和成熟林较撂荒地分别提高了134.2%、221.7%和375.7%,在20～40 cm土层分别提高了101.3%、164.3%和337.5%,在40～60 cm土层分别提高了103.1%、146.2%和303.0%.油松胸径、高度、根系生物量以及枯落物的厚度、生物量、全氮含量与土壤微生物生物量碳呈显著正相关;土壤有机碳、全氮含量及土壤含水量与土壤微生物生物量碳呈显著正相关.主成分分析表明,油松根系生物量、枯落物生物量和土壤有机碳含量是影响黄土高原油松人工林微生物特征的主要因子.油松生长过程中,枯落物和根系凋落物显著影响了土壤有机碳含量,提高了土壤微生物生物量碳.     

不同水位时期东洞庭湖湿地土壤微生物生物量碳氮和酶活性变化

为从土壤微生物的角度分析东洞庭湖不同植被类型湿地土壤质量状况,本研究选取了苔草、芦苇和柳树3种典型植被类型为对象,在平水期、丰水期和枯水期对其土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)、氮(MBN)和酶活性进行监测,并分析其主要影响因子.结果 表明:1)3个水位时期,各植被类型湿地土壤MBC、MBN、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性(枯水期纤维...     

喀斯特峰丛洼地植被演替对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响

采用经典统计分析与通径分析,研究了桂西北喀斯特峰丛洼地4种植被演替阶段(草丛、灌木林、次生林、原生林)表层(0—15 cm)土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性的变化特征,探讨了其与土壤理化性质之间的关系。结果表明:土壤微生物生物量和土壤酶活性随植被正向演替的变化规律并不完全一致。土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮和碱性磷酸酶活性整体表现为随植被正向演替而增加。而土壤蔗糖酶活性表现为:次生林草丛≈灌木林原生林,脲酶活性表现为:草丛≈次生林≈灌木林原生林。通径分析结果表明,土壤微生物生物量的直接影响因素和主要影响因素为土壤有机碳;蔗糖酶活性的直接影响因素为土壤有机碳和土壤微生物生物量碳,而从总效应来看,各因素对蔗糖酶活性的影响均较小;脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的直接影响因素和主要影响因素均为全氮,但全氮对脲酶活性表现为强烈的负效应,而对碱性磷酸酶活性表现为强烈的正效应。此外,土壤微生物生物量碳、氮及蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的剩余通径系数均较大,说明存在其它未被考虑因素对其具有影响。     

川西亚高山森林土壤呼吸和微生物生物量碳氮对施氮的响应

随着全球大气氮沉降的明显增加,将有可能显著影响我国西部地区受氮限制的亚高山森林生态系统。土壤微生物是生态系统的重要组成部分,是土壤物质循环和能量流动的重要参与者。由于生态系统类型、土壤养分、氮沉降背景值等的差异,土壤呼吸和土壤生物量碳氮对施氮的响应存在许多不确定性。而施氮会不会促进亚高山森林生态系统中土壤呼吸和微生物对土壤碳氮的固定?基于此假设,选择了川西60年生的四川红杉(Larix mastersiana)亚高山针叶林为研究对象,通过4个水平的土壤施氮控制试验(CK:0 g m~(-2) a~(-1)、N1:2 g m~(-2)a~(-1)、N2:5 g m~(-2) a~(-1)、N3:10 g m~(-2)a~(-1)),监测了土壤呼吸及土壤微生物生物量碳氮在一个生长季的动态情况。结果表明:施氮对土壤呼吸各指标和土壤微生物碳氮都有极显著的影响,施氮能促进土壤全呼吸、自养呼吸、异养呼吸通量和土壤微生物生物量碳氮的增长,施氮使土壤呼吸通量提高了11%—15%,土壤微生物量碳提高了5%—9%,土壤微生物量氮提高了23%—34%。在中氮水平下(5 g m~(-2) a~(-1))对土壤呼吸的促进最显著。相关分析发现,土壤呼吸与微生物生物量碳氮和微生物代谢商极呈显著正相关,微生物量碳氮与土壤温度呈极显著的正相关,与土壤湿度呈极显著负相关。通过一般线性回归拟合土壤呼吸速率与土壤10 cm温湿度的关系,发现土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度呈极显著的正相关,与土壤湿度极显著负相关(P0.001),中氮水平下土壤温度敏感性系数Q_(10)值(7.10)明显高于对照(4.26)。     

冬季作物对稻田土壤微生物量碳、氮和微生物熵的短期影响

研究不同的冬季作物马铃薯、黑麦草、紫云英、油菜在"冬季作物-双季稻"轮作种植制度下短期内对稻田土壤微生物碳、氮和微生物熵的影响,在湖南省土壤肥料研究所的实验网室内设置了小区试验.试验结果表明:几种冬季作物均提高了稻田土壤微生物碳、氮含量,黑麦草明显提高了土壤微生物量碳和微生物熵,紫云英明显提高了土壤微生物量氮.冬季作物对土壤微生物量碳和土壤微生物量氮的季节性影响变化趋势基本一致,紫云英、马铃薯处理的土壤微生物量C、N含量均在水稻生育期间8月中旬达到最大值.     

蔡家河湿地土壤种子库特征及其与地上植被和土壤因子的关系

为明确蔡家河湿地土壤种子库特征及其与地上植被和土壤因子的关系, 采用野外调查取样和室内萌发实验相结合的方法, 对芦苇群落, 野艾蒿群落和林下杂草群落3种不同植被类型的土壤种子库密度, 物种组成, 地上植被以及土壤理化性质进行了调查研究。结果表明: 蔡家河湿地3种植被类型的土壤种子库密度分别为(7725±1286) 粒•m-2, (2535±556) 粒•m-2和(5085±984) 粒•m-2; 物种数量分别为36种, 28种和39种。3种植被类型土壤种子库的物种丰富度以及多样性均高于地上植被, 并且3种植被类型间土壤种子库物种组成的相似性高于地上植被, 说明土壤种子库比地上植被具有更高的稳定性。芦苇群落的种子库密度, 物种多样性指数以及土壤种子库和地上植被物种组成的相似性均高于野艾蒿群落和林下杂草群落。土壤含水量与土壤有机质是影响土壤种子库物种组成的主要土壤因子, 在土壤水分以及有机质含量高的芦苇群落中含有大量湿生植物种子, 但在水分和有机质含量低的野艾蒿和林下杂草群落未发现柳叶菜(Epilobium hirsutum)、马先蒿(Pedicularis resupinata)、问荆(Equisetum arvense)等湿生植物的种子。因此, 蔡家河湿地土壤种子库已出现一定程度的退化, 芦苇群落土壤种子库可用作退化湿地植被恢复的种源, 在植被恢复时要满足种子萌发对土壤水分和有机质的需求。     

罗浮栲林土壤微生物碳利用效率对短期氮添加的响应

作为调节土壤碳矿化过程的重要参数,微生物碳利用效率(CUE)对理解陆地生态系统中的碳循环至关重要。本研究在戴云山罗浮栲林设置对照(0 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)、低氮(40 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1)和高氮(80 kg N·hm^-2·a^-1) 3个氮添加水平以模拟氮沉降,测定了表层(0～10 cm)土壤基本理化性质、有机碳组分、微生物生物量和酶活性;并利用¹⁸O标记水方法测定土壤微生物CUE,以更好地理解氮沉降加剧对微生物CUE的影响及其影响因素。结果表明: 短期氮添加显著降低了土壤微生物的呼吸速率、碳和氮获取酶活性,但显著增加了土壤微生物CUE。β-N-乙酰氨基酸葡糖苷酶(NAG)/微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物呼吸速率、β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG)/MBC、纤维素水解酶(CBH)/MBC和土壤有机碳含量是影响CUE的主要因素,且CUE与NAG/MBC、微生物呼吸速率、BG/MBC和CBH/MBC呈显著负相关,与土壤有机碳呈显著正相关。综上,短期氮添加导致土壤微生物获取碳和氮的成本降低,减少微生物呼吸,从而提高了土壤微生物CUE,这将有助于提高罗浮栲林土壤碳固存潜力。