虎刺楤木根皮化学成分研究

从虎刺楤木［Ａｒａｌｉａ ａｒｍ ａｔａ （Ｗａｌｌ．） Ｓｅｅｍ ．］根皮中分离到１１个成分,根据理化及光谱性质,鉴定其中７个为皂甙,即去葡萄糖竹节参皂甙Ⅳａ（ＡＴ－Ⅰ）、竹节参皂甙Ⅳａ（ＡＴ－Ⅱ）、姜状三七甙Ｒ１（ＡＴ－Ⅲ）、人参皂甙Ｒ０（ＡＴ－Ⅳ）、Ａｄ－Ⅲ［（ＡＴ－Ⅴ）后称黄毛楤木皂甙］、虎刺楤木皂甙（ＡＴ－Ⅵ）和楤木皂甙Ａ（ＡＴ－Ⅶ）,其余４个成分则为二十八羧酸（ＡＴ－Ⅷ）、谷甾醇（ＡＴ－Ⅸ）、谷甾醇与豆甾醇的混合物（ＡＴ－Ⅹ）及齐墩果酸（ＡＴ－Ⅺ）。以上成分均系首次从该植物中分得,其中ＡＴ－Ⅵ则为一新皂甙     

新华合物柴胡皂甙q—1的结构鉴定

从北柴胡（）Bupheurum chinense DC.）根的醇提液的正丁醇部分分离得到３个化合物,分别鉴定为柴胡皂甙q-1（１）、３″－Ｏ－乙酰柴胡皂甙d(2)和３″－Ｏ－乙酰柴胡皂甙b2(3).化合物１为新化合物,用化学和波谱法确定其结构为３β,１６α,２３,２８,３０－五羟基－齐墩果－１１,１３（１８）－二烯－３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ吡喃葡萄糖（１→６）－[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖基（１→４）]－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖甙。化合物２和３为首次从北柴胡中分离得到。     

弯蕊开口箭中一个新的甾体皂甙元

从云南民间抗炎药弯蕊开口箭（Ｔｕｐｉｓｔｒａ ｗａｔｔｉｉ Ｈｏｏｋ．ｆ．）的新鲜根状茎中分离到１个新的甾体皂甙元,命名为弯蕊开口箭甙元Ａ（ｗａｔｔｉｇｅｎｉｎ Ａ）,其结构通过光谱分析鉴定为螺甾－２５（２７）－烯－１β,２β,３β,４β,５β,６β－六醇;同时还分离到１个已知的甾体皂甙元,兰茂甙元Ｄ（ｒａｎｍｏｇｅｎｉｎＤ）。     

三七叶化学成分的进一步研究

从三七叶乙醇提物中分离到16个化合物,分别鉴定为人参皂甙(ginsenoside)Rh2(1),F2(4),Rg3(5),Rg1(7),Rd(8),Re(11),Rb3(13),Rb1(14),Rc(15),七叶胆皂甙(gypenoside)XIII(2),IX(9),XVII(10),三七皂甙(noto-ginsenoside)R1(12),Fa(16),甘草素(liquiritigenin)(3),以及芹糖甘草甙(liquiritin apioside)(6)。其中化合物1,2,3和6首次分离自该植物中,化合物1~8及10~12首次从三七叶中分离到。研究结果进一步证实,三七叶以含原人参二醇型皂甙为主,同时含有微量的原人参三醇型皂甙和黄酮类化合物。     

三七对血液系统作用的研究进展

三七,为五加科（Ａｒａｌｉａｃａｅ）植物人参三七Ｐａｎａｘｎｏｔｏｇｉｎｓｅｎｇ（Ｂｕｒｋ）Ｆ．Ｈ．Ｃｈｅｎ（Ｐ．Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｇｉｎｓｅｎｇ Ｗａｌｌ;Ｐ．ＳａｎｃｈｉＨｏｏ）的干燥根,别名田七．是我国名贵中草药之一,主要产于广西、云南等地。味甘微苦 ,性温。三七含有多种化学成分 ,其中三七皂甙 (简称ＰＮＧ)为主要有效成分之一 ,其含量８%～１２ %。ＰＮＧ中包括三七皂甙Ａ (Ｒ -Ａ) ,三七皂甙Ｂ (Ｒ -Ｂ) ,三七皂甙Ｃ(Ｒ -Ｃ) ,三七皂甙Ｄ (Ｒ -Ｄ１) (Ｒ -Ｄ２) ,三七皂甙Ｅ (Ｒ -Ｅ) ,三七皂甙Ｆ(Ｒ -Ｆ)。经理化常…     

三七中达马烷型皂甙的热不稳定性及酸水解产物

前人已证明人参和三七中富含的达马烷型人参皂甙在通常酸性水解下甙元即发生变化,而在弱酸(如50％醋酸,0.1N盐酸)条件下则形成次级皂甙。本文报道人参甙(ginseno-sides)和三七甙(notoginsenosides)的水溶液在水浴上加热亦分别形成相应的C-20位去糖基的次级皂甙。联系到人参和三七均有在蒸煮加工后C-20位去糖基皂甙收率增大的趋势,似可认为人参和三七中的这类皂甙有相当一部分是在生药的加工泡制以及提取过程中形成的次级皂甙,而不一定是植物体的原生成分。将人参甙Rb_1单体以酸水解,不仅得到主产物人参二醇(3),还分离到异去氢原人参二醇(5)、达马烷-20(22)-烯-3β,12β,26-三醇(6)、20(R)-达马烷-3β,12β,20,25-四醇(7)以及20(S)-和20(R)-原人参二醇(1、2)的混合物,从而认为这些微量成分与人参二醇一样均为达马烷型人参皂甙在酸性水解条件下C-20位糖基断裂后由真甙元的侧链转化形成的工作产物。     

长果升麻的化学成分研究

从长果升麻（Ｓｏｕｌｉｅａ ｖａｇｉｎａｔａ）根茎中分离出６种皂甙,经光谱（ＦＡＢ－ＭＳ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ、１Ｈ－１Ｈ－ＣＯＳＹ、１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ、１Ｈ－１３Ｃ－ＣＯＳＹ）分析,分别鉴定为２７－ｄｅｏｘｙａｃｔｅｉｎ（１）,ａｃｔｅｉｎ（２）,２５－０－乙酰升麻醇木糖甙（３）,２５－甲基升麻醇木糖甙（４）,升麻醇木糖甙（５）,２４－ａｃｅｔｙｌｈｙｄｒｏｓｈｅｎｇｍａｎｏｌ ｘｙｌｏｓｉｄｅ（６）,其中     

四川蜘蛛抱蛋的甾体皂甙

从四川蜘蛛抱蛋（Ａｓｐｉｄｉｓｔｒａ ｓｉｃｈｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｋ。Ｙ。Ｌａｎｇ ｅｔ Ｚ。Ｙ。Ｚｈｕ）根状茎中分离得到三个甾体皂甙,经光谱和化学方法分别鉴定为２２－甲氧基－５β－呋喃甾烷－１β,３β,４β,５β,２６－五羟基２６－Ｏ－β－Ｄ吡喃葡萄糖甙（１）,蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙（２）和原蜘蛛抱蛋皂甙（３）。（１）是一个呋喃甾醇型单糖链的新皂甙,（３）是本植物的主要皂甙。     

三七地下部分皂甙成分的HPLC比较研究

应用HPLC定量分析方法,对三七(Panax notoginseng)地下部位的皂甙成分进行分析,通过比较人参皂甙Rg1,Rb1,Re,Rd和三七皂甙R1等5种主要皂甙成分和总皂甙的含量变化,探讨不同部位和组织中皂甙成分的分布规律。结果表明在三七药材的不同商品等级中,人参皂甙Rg1和Rb1的含量以主根60头为最高,5个主要皂甙的总含量也明显高于其他的等级;根茎的生物产量只为全根的18%,皂甙含量占25%以上;主根和根茎中韧皮部的生物产量和总皂甙的含量均高于木质部;二年生三七的生物产量及皂甙含量均较三年生三七低得多。不同表型三七的皂甙组成也有区别。     

广东冬青中的三萜及三萜皂甙成分

从广东冬青（Ｉｌｅｘ ｋｗａｎｇｔｕｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）的叶中分离得到四个三萜皂甙和三个三萜成分,通过光谱解析及化学方法,三个三萜成分分别鉴定为齐墩果酸（１）、熊果酸（２）和常春藤皂甙元（３）;四个三萜皂甙成分分别鉴定为齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－（１→３）－α－Ｌ－吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（４）、齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－吡喃葡萄糖基－（１→２）－α－Ｌ－吡喃阿拉伯糖甙（５）、齐墩果酸３－Ｏ－β－Ｄ－     

鹅源鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离、鉴定与生物学特性研究

【目的】从疑似鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的病死雏鹅分离病原菌进行鉴定。【方法】根据细菌培养特性、生化特性、动物试验、血清型鉴定及分子生物学特性对分离菌株进行鉴定。【结果】分离菌株为革兰氏阴性菌,不发酵糖类和醇类,尿素酶试验和氧化酶还原试验为阳性,致病,不同分离株的16S rRNA基因经多重序列比对分析,结果显示鹅源分离株与鸭源鸭疫里默氏杆菌处于同一进化支上,与鸡源鸭疫里默氏杆菌进化关系稍远,血清型鉴定为1型。【结论】分离菌株为血清1型的鸭疫里默氏杆菌,对鸭和鹅均有高致病性,自家疫苗能够较好地保护雏鹅。     

Light-induced conversion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in higher plant leaves

Light-induced conversion of NAD to NADP was investigated in higher plants. Upon illumination, conversion of NAD to NADP was observed in intact leaves of wheat and pea following incubation in the dark. This conversion was also observed in mesophyll protoplasts of wheat leaves when they were isolated in the dark or isolated in light and then preincubated in the dark. Chloroplasts isolated from wheat protoplasts prepared in the dark carried out the conversion. The conversion in the mechanically isolated spinach chloroplasts was observed only when they were isolated in the dark from leaves preincubated in darkness.     

Preliminary studies on the characterization and distribution of Staphylococcus and Micrococcus species on animal skin.

A total of 221 strains of staphylococci and 98 strains of micrococci isolated from the skins of Eastern gray squirrels, Southern flying squirrels, raccoons, opossums, squirrel monkeys, swine, sheep, horses, cattle, and dogs were characterized in a preliminary attempt to resolve their natural relationships and distribution in nature. Staphylococci demonstrating the widest host range included Staphylococcus xylosus and unnamed Staphylococcus sp. 3. Unnamed Staphylococcus sp. 2 was isolated only from sheep, Staphylococcus sp. 4 only from opossums, Staphylococcus sp. 5 only from squirrel monkeys, and Staphylococcus sp. 6 only from swine. The predominant species isolated from human skin, including S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. haemolyticus, and S. capitis, were either not isolated or only rarely isolated from animal skin. Micrococcus varians was the predominant Micrococcus species isolated from animal skin. M. luteus was only occasionally isolated. M. lylae, M. sedentarius, M. roseus, M. kristinae, and M. nishinomiyaensis, species occasionally isolated from human skin, were not isolated from animal skin.     

烧伤病房患者创面金葡菌分布及耐药性分析

目的分析烧伤病房患者不同创面金葡菌的分布及耐药性,为临床合理选用抗菌药提供依据。方法对2006年1月至2013年12月间中国人民解放军第八五医院烧伤病房患者创面分离出金葡菌,采用K—B纸片扩散法进行药物敏感试验。分析金葡菌的耐药性,并对难愈性创面、非难愈性创面的耐甲氧西林金葡菌（MRSA）与甲氧西林敏感金葡菌（MSSA）的耐药性进行对比分析。结果分离出金葡菌112株,其中难愈性创面有70株MRSA和17株MSSA来自难愈性创面,16株MRSA和9株MSSA来自非难愈性创面。金葡菌对青霉素、红霉素、克林霉素的耐药率较高（分别为94．64％、81．25％和74．11％）,对复方新诺明、呋喃妥因的耐药率较低（分别为16．07％和1．79％）,对万古霉素、利奈唑烷的耐药率为0。MRSA的耐药率高于MSSA。来源于难愈性创面与非难愈性创面的MRSA仅在对利福平的耐药率上有明显差异,而来源于两创面的MSSA的耐药率无明显差异。结论创面金葡菌中MRSA的构成比高,难愈性创面MRSA耐药严重,应积极防控创面MRSA感染和扩散。     

Morphometric analysis of the isolated calcium-tolerant cardiac myocyte

Summary Using morphometric analysis of thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas, the ultrastructure of isolated rat myocytes prepared by collagenase digestion (Powell et al. 1980) was compared with that of myocytes fixed by perfusion of intact myocardium. The volumes of myofibrils, mitochondria, nuclei, sarcoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets in the isolated myocytes did not differ from those of their counterparts in the intact heart, but the volume occupied by transverse tubules was apparently reduced. The isolated cells had significantly shorter sarcomeres than did cells in the intact tissue, and this was associated with an altered topography of plasma membrane surface folds at the level of the Z-lines. Plasma membrane intramembrane particles were randomly distributed and showed the same numerical density on the E-faces of both isolated and intactheart myocytes. However, P-face particle density was slightly reduced in the isolated cells. It is concluded that the few differences detected in the isolated cells do not reflect any fundamental derangement of their properties.     

Pathogenic characteristics of Escherichia coli strains in cases of asymptomatic bacteriuria and symptomatic urinary tract infections

The aim of this study was to examine if E. coli isolated from asymptomatic bacteriuria differed in pathogenic features from strains isolated from symptomatic infections of urinary tract. In this study 130 strains of E. coli isolated from women having asymptomatic bacteriuria and 112 strains isolated from patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection were examined. It was shown that E. coli isolated from patients with symptomatic urinary tract infection showed the more frequently ability to cause mannose-resistant haemagglutination of human erythrocytes, resistance to bactericidal activity of serum and haemolytic properties than those isolated from asymptomatic bacteriuria. These strains showed also the higher ability to adhere to Vero cells in tissue culture. Among E. coli strains isolated from persons with asymptomatic bacteriuria the pathogenic features were most frequently found in strains from healthy women and the most rarely in isolated from diabetic women.     

2006年广州登革热病原体的分离鉴定及其生物学性质的观察

目的：对2006年广州流行登革热病原进行分离鉴定及生物学性质研究。方法：采用传代蚊细胞微量培养方法对2006年广州登革热病原进行分离,并通过脑内途径观察其对乳鼠的致病性;经间接免疫荧光和RT-PCR技术,对患者血清标本中的病毒特异抗体及新分离的病原体进行检测和鉴定;将此次分离的病原体与1980年分离的同型毒株进行生物学性质比较。结果：从57份患者血清标本中分离出10株病毒,在传代蚊细胞中可产生稳定的细胞病变并对乳鼠致病;其基因组为登革1型病毒特异的RNA分子,经鉴定为登革1型病毒;此次分离的登革1型病毒与1980年分离的同型毒株在致细胞产生病变的时间和严重程度,蚀斑的大小、形态以及致乳鼠发病的时间等生物学性质上有所不同。结论：2006年广州流行登革热病原为登革1型病毒,且与1980年分离的同型毒株在生物学性质方面存在明显差异。     

A survey for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in migratory birds in coastal Japan

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was isolated from three specimens of two species of birds, the black-faced bunting (Emberiza spodocephala) and pied wagtail (Motacilla alba), of 528 specimens of birds examined from coastal regions in Japan. The two isolated strains of Y. pseudotuberculosis were identified as serovar 4b and serovar 3. This is the first isolation of Y. pseudotuberculosis from birds in Japan. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from three specimens of the pied wagtail, one specimen of the reed bunting (Emberiza schoeniclus) and one specimen of the rustic bunting (Emberiza rustica). Yersinia frederiksenii was isolated from two specimens of the gray-rumped sandpiper (Heteroscelus brevipes). Yersinia intermedia was isolated from one specimen of the pied wagtail.     

The polysaccharides of the brown seaweed Turbinaria murrayana

Polysaccharides of the brown seaweed Turbinaria murrayana were isolated. Laminaran (3.2%) was isolated from the hot-water extract of the algae by using ion-exchange chromatography. Fucans (2.1%) were isolated from the hot-water extract, as well (4.7%) as from the extract of the algae with dilute acid. Acid hydrolsysis of the isolated fucans revealed glucose, amnnose, fucose, glucuronic acid, xylose, and galactose. Alginic acid (22.6%) was separated, and reduced to a neutral polysaccharide. The polysaccharides isolated were analyzed by methylation and Smith degradation.     

Mycoflora of cave cricket Troglophilus neglectus cadavers

By using different techniques and media, microfungi were isolated from cadavers of the cave cricket Troglophilus neglectus, collected on the walls of a Slovenian cave. The isolated mycobiota was consistently different for adult and larval stages of T. neglectus cadavers. Fungi isolated with the highest frequency from the larval stage were represented by five different species of the genus Mucor, the prevailing one being a newly described species, M. troglophilus. The dominating fungus isolated from the adult stage was the well-known fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana. The other isolated fungi were mainly primary and secondary saprotrophic colonizers. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.