两株中国腮腺炎野毒SH基因cDNA直接测序和克隆测序

对来源于兰州和上海两市的两株腮腺炎病毒野毒的小疏水蛋白（ＳＨ）基因及其旁侧区ｃＤＮＡ的ＰＣＲ扩增产物,分别进行直接测序和克隆测序。用直接测序法测定２株腮腺炎野毒３７８个核苷酸序列,在此范围内存在１６个核苷酸（４．２％）差异,其中１１个（２．９％）位于编码区序列中,所推导的ＳＨ蛋白序列有６个氨基酸（１０．５％）差异。克隆测序法测定的这两株腮腺炎野毒的核苷酸序列相当于直接法的７８－３７８位核苷酸。两处     

一株腮腺炎野毒分离传代前后其SH基因cDNA的测序比较

为证实鸡胚分离传代是否引起腮腺炎病毒基因组高变区小疏水蛋白（ＳＨ）基因的变异,用来源于上海的腮腺炎野毒Ｗｓｈ３株在鸡胚尿囊腔分离前和传代５次后测定ＳＨ基因及其旁侧区３８０个核苷酸的ｃＤＮＡ序列,两者结果相同,未见该基因的突变。该基因核苷酸测序可用于腮腺炎病毒的分子流行病学和毒株基因鉴别研究。     

犬冠状病毒大熊猫株纤突蛋白全基因的克隆与序列分析

在国内首次对犬冠状病毒大熊猫野毒株(CCVDXMV)纤突蛋白基因进行了克隆和序列测定。该基因全长4362bp,编码1453个氨基酸,N端前18个氨基酸为推测的信号肽序列,后1435个氨基酸构成成熟蛋白。与GenBank中已发表的11个CCV毒株s基因相比,s基因核苷酸序列同源性在40．2％-99．5％之间;推导的氨基酸序列同源性在15．9％-99．O％之间。DXMV株s基因变异区主要集中在该基因前1／2处,其中350．370、439．478、1718．1818三个区域碱基变异较大,而1060．1700区却十分保守。基于s全基因及其蛋白的聚类分析表明,DXMV株与K378、NVSL和USpatent株亲源关系最近。推导的DXMV株s蛋白氨基酸序列潜在的N-联糖基化位点与CCV强毒V54相同,为34个,比Insavc．1弱毒多一个;其中第566．568位糖基化位点为多数强毒拥有而弱毒没有的。另外,DXMV株S蛋白疏水性及抗原表位与其它毒株有一定的差异,这些差异对DXMV株致病性和免疫原性等影响尚待进一步的研究。     

两个猪瘟病毒野毒株gp55基因抗原编码区序列的分析及比较

利用反转录－PCR方法扩增了吉林省猪瘟病毒（HCV）两个野毒株gp55基因的主要保护性抗原编码区,并将其克隆到pGEM－T载体中,然后用Sanger双脱氧法测定了其核苷酸序列,并推导了其氨基酸序列。将测定的这两个HCV野毒株的部分序列（350bp）与国内外已知的HCV序列进行比较,结果表明：这两个野毒株的核苷酸序列的同源性为94．9％,氨基酸序列同源性为97．4％,与1985～1992年意大利中部分离4个野毒株的同源性明显高于其它HCV毒株,核苷酸同源性分别为97．2％～98．3％和94.0％～949％,氨基酸同源性分别为98．3％～991％和97.4％～98.3％,而与我国的HCV标准强毒株即石门株的核苷酸同源性仅分别为83.1％和83.1％,氨基酸同源性仅分别为90.6％和91.4％。因此认为吉林省这两个野毒株与意大利中部的4个野毒株具有密切的关系,而与石门株很可能来源不同。     

我国肾综合出血热疫苗生产株LR1株的基因组序列分析

为测定我国肾综合征出血热疫苗生产株LR1株的全基因组序列,了解该株分子基础,从提纯的细胞总RNA逆转录PCR扩增,产物纯化后克隆T载体纯化后测序,结果证明,LR1株全基因组序列由L6533、M3616、S片段的1692个核苷酸组成,依各自读码框架分别编码21511、1135、429个氨基酸。序列同源比较分析表明,LR1毒株与国外HTN型毒株高度同源,属同一亚型,尤其与HTN代表株75－1183个片段同源率高达99．3％－99．8％,而与国内的HTN型病毒差异较大,同源率仅为79．4％－84．6％。氨基酸比较也显示了同样的结果。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒野毒株的致病性及其vp2基因比较

对4个IBDV野毒株的致病性和它们的vp2基因高变区序列同时做了比较分析。结果表明,4个IBDV毒株在致病性程度上存在较大差异。其中有一个是真正的超强毒,即GX8／99,其他几个虽然达不到真正超强毒的毒力,但也比经典的标准毒的致死性高得多。在vp2基因高变区,这4个IBDV野毒株与超强毒参考株HK46同源性很高,在DNA水平为96．8％～99．5％,在氨基酸(aa)水平为96．6％～100％o而与疫苗毒D78有很大差异,分别只有91．7％～93．6％和91．8％～93．2％。说明IBDV毒株的vp2基因高变区确实与其致病性有一定关系。特别是SD-1／97、SD-3／98、JS-30／99株之间及其与HK46在DNA和aa水平的同源性高达98．4％和98．6％以上,SD-3／99、JS-30／99株之间及其与HK46的氨基酸同源性为100％。然而,致病性特别高的GX8／99株病毒与其他3个野毒株及HK46在DNA和氨基酸水平的同源性相对较低,在DNA和aa水平的同源性只有96．8％～9712％和96．6％～97．9％。相对于国内的流行毒株和香港超强毒参考株HK46,GX8／99株在致病性和VP2高变区都已发生了一定的变异。     

慢性蜜蜂麻痹病毒Ch1株的编码区测序及其序列的分析

对中国分离株慢性蜜蜂麻痹病毒(Chronic bee paralysis virus,CBPV)Ch1编码区全基因序列进行克隆、测序、分析。利用RT-PCR方法和生物信息学软件,对本实验室分离到的Ch1株CBPV编码区的基因序列进行克隆,测序,与GenBank收录的CBPV毒株进行同源性比较,并以RdRp为靶基因构建了遗传进化树。结果显示,CBPV Ch1株的编码区由RNA1(GenBank No.KU950353)和RNA2(GenBank No.KU950354)两部分构成,全长5 979个核苷酸。其中RNA1片段全长3 674个核苷酸,编码3个开放阅读框,RNA2片段全长2 305个核苷酸,编码4个开放阅读框,RNA2片段中ORF2和ORF3,可能编码两个结构蛋白,分别命名为SP1和SP2。RNA1和RNA2核苷酸序列与2005年法国分离株Fr2核苷酸序列同源性最高,分别为96.1%和95.5%,但预测蛋白SP1核苷酸序列同源性与2006年乌拉圭分离株Ur1核苷酸序列同源性最高(96.9%)。基于RdRp为靶基因进行了遗传进化分析表明,Ch1株与Fr2株位于同一分支,且在该区域,Ch1株与Fr2株的核苷酸序列同源性最高(96.5%)。本实验成功分离到一株CBPV(KU950353,KU950354),并命名为Ch1株,完成了Ch1株CBPV的编码区的序列测定以及核苷酸序列与推导的氨基酸序列同源性比较及遗传进化分析,为研究CBPV的致病机制和免疫机制提供重要信息。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒上海株SH95基因组B片段的克隆与分子系统进化树分析

分离、纯化了鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒超强毒(vvIBDV)上海株(SH95)的病毒核酸dsRNA,应用随机引物将RNA反转录成cDNA,以此为模板一步扩增出全长基因组B片段,将其克隆入pGEM—T载体,并进行序列分析。克隆的B片段全长2827个核苷酸,其编码的氨基酸与超强毒株HK46的同源性达98．18％(863／879)。分子系统进化树分析表明,SH95超强毒株与美国变异株E的亲缘关系最近,但与基于基因组A片段的系统进化分析完全不同,表明该毒株在发生过程中基因重配比基因重组发挥了更重要的作用。通过对14株IBDV编码氨基酸序列的分析、比较,推测B片段上11个独特的氨基酸位点可能与毒力相关。     

鹅Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒GPMV/QY97-1株HN基因的克隆和序列分析

在华南地区进行鹅病病因的调查过程中,从患病鹅群中分离到一株对鹅和鸡都有致病力的病毒,初步判定该病毒属于Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒,命名为GPMV／QY97—1株。以GPMV／QY97—1毒株的基因组RNA为模板,通过RT—PCR方法,扩增出血凝素-神经氨酸酶(HN)基因3’端和5’端的cDNA片段,分别将其克隆至pGEM—TEasy载体中,对其进行序列测定。序列分析表明,HN基因的cDNA全长为2024nt,编码571个氨基酸。序列中含有13个半胱氨酸残基和6个潜在的糖基化位点,其HN基因及编码蛋白结构与新城疫病毒株相符。将GPMV／QY97-1株HN基因序列和推导的氨基酸序列与新城疫病毒株的HN基因相应序列做比较后发现,它们的核苷酸序列同源性分别在89．6％～83．6％,氨基酸序列同源性在93．3％～87．9％。在同源性比较的基础上,进一步绘制了Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒株HN基因的系统发育树。这对于Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒毒力基因的功能分析和该病的分子流行病学调查有着重要意义。     

Characteristics of the membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius

Summary The membranes of the pellicle of the ciliatePseudomicrothorax dubius are investigated using thin section electron microscopy and freeze-fracture replicas. The plasma membrane is covered by a surface coat and is connected to the outer alveolar membrane by short, sometimes branched, bridges. The inner alveolar membrane is coated on both sides. The epiplasm lies in intimate contact with the cytoplasmic surface of this membrane, and there is a corresponding deposit on the other surface. This deposit is regularly striated.The epiplasmic layer and the alveoli are interrupted at sites of cytotic activity,e.g., the attachment sites of trichocysts, the cytoproct, and the parasomal sacs. The striated deposit ends where the epiplasm ends, indicating a direct relationship between these two epimembranous layers.There is a deposit along the sides of the first part of the tip of the trichocysts, and in this region the trichocyst membrane is free of intramembranous particles.The membrane of the parasomal sacs has a coat on both surfaces. That on the extraplasmic surface is similar to the surface coat of the plasma membrane. The origin of the cytoplasmic coat is unknown. The cytotic activity of these sacs is indicated by their highly irregular profiles.     

The early development of the tail and the transformation of the shape of the nucleus of the spermatid of the domestic fowl,Gallus gallus

Summary The differentiation of the spermatid, especially in reference to the formation of the flagellum, and transformation of the shape of the nucleus was investigated in the domestic fowl.In the early stage of the spermatid, a prominent Golgi apparatus appears around the centrioles. The Golgi vesicles then surround the axial-filament complex which develops from the distal centriole. These vesicles fuse to form continuous membrane at the earliest stage of flagellar formation, and in the succeeding stage Golgi lamellae are attached to the plasma membrane of the developing flagellum. From these observations, it is assumed that Golgi apparatus may be a source of the membrane system of the flagellum.The microtubules distributed around the nucleus form the circular manchette. The anterior region of the nucleus with the manchette is cylindrical in shape and the posterior region without it remains irregular in shape. When the circular manchette has been completed, the whole nucleus acquires a slender cylindrical shape. The circular manchette then changes into the longitudinal manchette. The nuclei of spermatids without a longitudinal manchette are abnormal in shape. In view of these observations it is assumed that the nuclear shaping of the spermatid may be accomplished by circular manchette and the maintenance of shape of the elongated nucleus by longitudinal manchette.The authors wish to thank Mr. Takayuki Mori for his helpful suggestions and technical advices     

Characterization of the composition of the aqueous humor and the vitreous body of the eye of the frog Rana temporaria L

This study aimed to analyze the aqueous humor (AH) and the vitreous body (VB) of the eye of the adult frog Rana temporaria L. as a representative species of amphibians, which lead a semi-terrestrial life. The presence of collagen, albumin, uric acid and electron donors was shown in both media; however, there are slight differences in their concentrations. To determine collagen, a spectral-fluorescent probe, cyanine dye, was used. The presence of collagen in AH of the frog was found at the first time. The total content of electron donors (ascorbic and uric acids, tryptophan, and tyrosine) in VB and HA was roughly estimated at ~ 1.5 × 10^− 4 mol/L. Both VB and AH absorb light in similar UV regions. The total protein and albumin contents in AH were found to be somewhat higher than those in VB. The uric acid content was at an equally low level in both intraocular media. It is supposed that the similarity of VB and AH compositions shown in this work is due to some exchange between VB and AH contents in the course of accommodation. The role of intraocular fluids in physiological functions of the eye and in protecting the retina against UV light is discussed.     

Observations on the permeability of the choriocapillaris of the eye

Summary The choriocapillaris is a fenestrated capillary bed located posterior to the retinal pigment epithelium. It serves as the main source of supply to the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and other cells of the outer retina. The permeability of these capillaries to intravenously injected ferritin (MW — approx. 480,000; mol. diam. 11 nm) was examined in the mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig, each of which is characterized by a different type of retinal vascularization. In all three species, the bulk of the ferritin remained in the capillary lumina, where it appeared to be blocked at the level of the diaphragmed fenestrae. Some ferritin was present in endothelial cell vacuoles. The results confirm previous work on the rat choriocapillaris and indicate that the barrier function of the choriocapillary endothelium is present even among species in which the retinal circulation differs significantly.Supported by NIH grant EY03418