Differing Roles for TCF4 and COL8A2 in Central Corneal Thickness and Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is the most common late-onset, vision-threatening corneal dystrophy in the United States, affecting about 4% of the population. Advanced FECD involves a thickening of the cornea from stromal edema and changes in Descemet membrane. To understand the relationship between FECD and central corneal thickness (CCT), we characterized common genetic variation in COL8A2 and TCF4, genes previously implicated in CCT and/or FECD. Other genes previously associated with FECD (PITX2, ZEB1, SLC4A11), and genes only known to affect CCT (COL5A1, FOXO1, AVGR8, ZNF469) were also interrogated. FECD probands, relatives and controls were recruited from 32 clinical sites; a total of 532 cases and 204 controls were genotyped and tested for association of FECD case/control status, a 7-step FECD severity scale and CCT, adjusting for age and sex. Association of FECD grade with TCF4 was highly significant (OR  = 6.01 at rs613872; p = 4.8×10⁻²⁵), and remained significant when adjusted for changes in CCT (OR  = 4.84; p = 2.2×10⁻¹⁶). Association of CCT with TCF4 was also significant (p = 6.1×10⁻⁷), but was abolished with adjustment for FECD grade (p = 0.92). After adjusting for FECD grade, markers in other genes examined were modestly associated (p ∼ 0.001) with FECD and/or CCT. Thus, common variants in TCF4 appear to influence FECD directly, and CCT secondarily via FECD. Additionally, changes in corneal thickness due to the effect of other loci may modify disease severity, age-at-onset, or other biomechanical characteristics.     

Evaluation of a 345 nm Femtosecond Laser for Corneal Surgery with Respect to Intraocular Radiation Hazard

Purpose

We report our findings from a preclinical safety study designed to assess potential side effects of corneal ultraviolet femtosecond laser treatment on lens and retina.

Methods

Refractive lenticules (-5 dpt) with a diameter of 6 mm were created in the right cornea of eight Dutch Belted rabbits. Radiant exposure was 0.5 J/cm² in two animals and 18 J/cm² in six animals. The presence of lens opacities was assessed prior to and up to six months following laser application using Scheimpflug images (Pentacam, Oculus) and backscatter analysis (Opacity Lensmeter 702, Interzeag). Ganzfeld flash and flicker electroretinogram (ERG) recordings were obtained from both eyes prior to and up to six weeks following laser application. At the study endpoint, retinas were examined by light microscopy.

Results

Independent of energy dose applied, no cataract formation could be observed clinically or with either of the two objective methods used. No changes in ERG recordings over time and no difference between treated and untreated eye were detected. Histologically, retinal morphology was preserved and retinal pigment epithelium as well as photoreceptor inner and outer segments appeared undamaged. Quantitative digital image analysis did not reveal cell loss in inner or outer nuclear layers.

Conclusions

Our analysis confirms theoretical considerations suggesting that ultraviolet femtosecond laser treatment of the cornea is safe for intraocular tissues. Transmitted light including stray light induces no photochemical effects in lens or retina at energy levels much higher than required for the clinical purpose. These conclusions cannot be applied to eyes with pre-existing retinal damage, as these may be more vulnerable to light.     

The Morphology of Corneal Cap and Its Relation to Refractive Outcomes in Femtosecond Laser Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) with Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Observation

Purpose

To investigate the morphology of corneal caps in femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and its relation to the refractive outcomes.

Methods

A prospective study of fifty-four corneal caps created with VisuMax femtosecond laser were examined using an Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month and 6 months after SMILE. The cap thickness at nine points on each of the four meridians (0°, 45°, 90°, 135°) and the diameter were measured. Cap morphology, changes over time and its correlation with refractive outcomes were assessed.

Results

The mean achieved central cap thickness were (108.74±5.06) µm at 6 months and (107.32±4.81 ) µm at 1 month postoperatively, significantly thinner than that at 1 day (110.81±7.95) µm and 1 week (109.58±7.48 ) µm (P<0.05). The mean diameter on 0° meridian was (7.61±0.07) mm, significantly larger than that on 90° meridian (7.57±0.06) mm (P = 0.001). Cap morphology showed good regularity, except that the differences of points in two pairs were significant at 1 day postoperatively. The uniformity was consistent over time and the central cap thickness was thinner than those in the paracentral and peripheral areas. The refractive outcomes stabilized within 1 month. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was correlated to the central cap thickness at 1 day and 1 week (both r_s = 0.33, p<0.05). The uniformity index was correlated with UDVA (r_s = 0.34, p<0.05) and corrected distance visual acuity (r_s = 0.32, p<0.05) at 1 week postoperatively.

Conclusions

Corneal caps of SMILE are predictable with good reproducibility, regularity and uniformity. Cap morphology might have a mild effect on refractive outcomes in the early stage. Further study should focus on the impact on the visual quality.     

全飞秒激光与飞秒激光辅助Lasik治疗高度近视患者的效果及对角膜曲率、视觉质量的影响分析

摘要 目的：探究全飞秒激光与飞秒激光辅助Lasik治疗高度近视患者的效果,并分析治疗对患者角膜曲率、视觉质量的影响。方法：选择2020年7月至2022年7月在我院接受治疗的120例（240眼）高度近视患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法结合患者意愿的方式将其区分为研究组（n=60,接受飞秒激光辅助Lasik治疗）与对照组（n=60,接受全飞秒激光治疗）,对比两组患者术前术后调制传递函数截止频率（MTF）值及客观散射指数（OSI）、角膜曲率变化、屈光度差异、视力情况差异,统计两组患者各类并发症发生率并进行比较。结果：（1）两组患者术前MTF值及OSI组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后研究组患者的MTF值和OSI值均明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;（2）术前、术后90 d两组患者的最佳矫正视力组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但组内前后比较两组患者的最佳矫正视力均较术前有明显提高（P<0.05）;（3）术前两组患者的角膜前表面曲率以及后表面曲率组间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后90 d时开展组间比较,研究组患者角膜前表面曲率中K1、K2以及Km值均明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,但后表面曲率中K1、K2以及Km值组间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;进一步分析显示,两组患者术前术后前表面曲率K1、K2以及Km值有明显变化（P<0.05）,后表面曲率K1、K2以及Km值前后差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;（4）统计研究组患者共出现弥漫性层间反应2例,感染1例,角膜内生1例,并发症总发生率3.33%（4/120）,明显高于对照组的0.00%（0/120）（P<0.05）。结论：全飞秒激光和飞秒激光辅助Lasik术对高度近视均具有较好的治疗效果,相比于全飞秒激光术,飞秒激光辅助Lasik术在改善患者视觉质量方面明显占优,但其并发症发生率同样更高,全飞秒激光术术后视觉质量,但安全性更高,建议临床上结合患者实际情况灵活选择术式,以改善高度近视患者预后。     

Expression of Cytokines,Chmokines and Growth Factors in Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery with Femtosecond Laser Pretreatment

Purpose

To describe cytokines, chemokines and growth factors profiles in patients undergoing cataract surgery with femtosecond laser pretreatment and investigate their relationships with the postoperative in vivo inflammation index.

Methods

Aqueous humor was collected from 22 eyes after femtosecond laser pretreatment and from 22 eyes at the beginning of routine cataract surgery. The levels of 45 inflammation-related mediators were measured using multiplex fluorescent bead-based immunoassays. Laser flare photometry was measured preoperatively and at 1 day, 7 days and 30 days postoperatively.

Results

Compared with the control group, the femtosecond laser treatment group showed significantly higher aqueous humor levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF), interleukin (IL)-1ra and IL-18, and significantly lower aqueous humor levels of IL-9, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, eotaxin and TNF-β. Postoperative aqueous flare was significantly greater in the manual cataract surgery group at 1 day (p<0.001), 7days (p<0.001) and 30 days (p = 0.002).No correlation was found between the analyzed mediators and the aqueous flare values.

Conclusions

The expression profiles of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors and the correlations of these profiles with the in vivo inflammatory indexes for patients undergoing cataract surgery with femtosecond laser pretreatment were identified. Our data indicate a disturbance of postoperative inflammation response after femtosecond laser treatment.     

A Limitation of Hartmann-Shack System in Measuring Wavefront Aberrations for Patients Received Laser Refractive Surgery

PurposeTo explore the relationship between ablation parameters of myopic laser surgery and measurement area of wavefront aberration (WA) with Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor.Methods58 subjects undergone myopic laser surgeries and 74 uncorrected myopic subjects were enrolled in this experiment. The laser ablation parameters were obtained from surgical records, which included spherical error (Rx), depth, and optical zone (OZ) of ablation. The measured area of WA was tested by the WASCA, and the real pupil size was tested by Pentacam. The corneal eccentricity (E value) and curvature was also measured with the Pentacam. All the measurements were performed under mydriatic condition.ResultsFor uncorrected myopic eyes, the measured area of WA was similar with the real pupil size. But for the corrected eyes, the measured area of WA was smaller than the real pupil size with a mean difference of 0.66 ± 0.54 mm for moderate myopia (t = 6.45, p < 0.0001) and 1.76 ± 0.55 mm for high myopia (t = 18.92, p < 0.0001), but not for mild myopia. The Rx (t = -3.20, p = 0.0017), OZ (t = 64.4, p < 0.0001) and postoperative corneal E value (t = 2.52, p = 0.017) were the independent factors of measured area of WA. Measured area of WA = -0.81*Rx + 1.13*OZ + 0.49*postoperative corneal E value (r² = 0.997).ConclusionsThe WASCA has a limitation in measuring wavefront aberration over the whole pupil area when it’s used for patients received myopic laser surgery. The measured area is smaller than the real pupil size and depends linearly on ablation depth, optical zone and corneal eccentricity.     

Screening for Significant Refractive Error Using a Combination of Distance Visual Acuity and Near Visual Acuity

PurposeTo explore the effectiveness of using a series of tests combining near visual acuity (NVA) and distance visual acuity (DVA) for large-scale screenings for significant refractive error (SRE) in primary school children.MethodEach participant underwent DVA, NVA and cycloplegic autorefraction measurements. SREs, including high myopia, high hyperopia and high astigmatism were analyzed. Cycloplegic refraction results were considered to be the gold standard for the comparison of different screening measurements. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to compare the area under the curve (AUC) and the Youden index among DVA, NVA and the series combined tests of DVA and NVA. The efficacies (including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value) of each test were evaluated. Only the right eye data of each participant were analysed for statistical purpose.ResultA total of 4416 children aged 6 to 12 years completed the study, among which 486 students had right eye SRE (SRE prevalence rate = 11.01%). There was no difference in the prevalence of high hyperopia and high astigmatism among different age groups. However, the prevalence of high myopia significantly increased with the age (χ² = 381.81, p<0.01). High hyperopia was the biggest SRE factor associated with amblyopia（p＜0.01，OR = 167.40, 95% CI: 75.14∼372.94). The DVA test was better than the NVA test for detecting high myopia (Z = 2.71, p<0.01), but the NVA test was better for detecting high hyperopia (Z = 2.35, p = 0.02) and high astigmatism (Z = 4.45, p<0.01). The series combined DVA and NVA test had the biggest AUC and the highest Youden Index for detecting high hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, as well as all of the SREs (all p<0.01).ConclusionThe series combined DVA and NVA test was more accurate for detecting SREs than either of the two tests alone. This new method could be applied to large-scale SRE screening of children, aged 6 to 12, in areas that are less developed.     

OCTA用于检测不同屈光人群的黄斑区视网膜密度和厚度及其相关性分析

目的:采用光学相干断层扫描血管成像技术(OCTA)检测不同屈光人群的黄斑区视网膜密度及厚度并分析其相关性。方法:选取2016年2月～2018年2月我院收治的近视患者200例为研究对象,根据等效球镜度数的差异将其分为轻度近视组(-0.50～-2.75D)52例、中度近视组(-3.00～-5.75D)46例、高度近视组(-6.00～-8.75D)48例、超高度近视组(≤-0.90D)54例。所有患者均进行OCTA检测,比较各组患者黄斑区不同区域视网膜血管密度以及厚度的差异。结果:轻度近视组、中度近视组、高度近视组、超高度近视组等效球镜均呈逐渐降低趋势,而眼轴长度均呈逐渐升高趋势,各组间对比差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。超高度近视组患者中心凹、中心凹旁、颞侧、上方、鼻侧、下方视网膜血管密度和中心凹、中心凹旁、颞侧、上方、鼻侧、下方视网膜厚度相比轻度近视组、中度近视组、高度近视组均显著降低(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性结果显示:近视屈光人群的黄斑中心凹以及上方视网膜血管密度以及视网膜厚度呈正相关关系(P0.05)。结论:采用OCTA检测不同屈光人群的黄斑区视网膜密度及厚度,结果表明近视屈光度患者的黄斑区视网膜密度增加以及黄斑区视网膜厚度的增厚呈正相关关系。     

Corneal Thickness Profile and Associations in Chinese Children Aged 7 to 15 Years Old

Corneal thickness (CT) maps of the central (2-mm diameter), para-central (2 to 5-mm diameter), peripheral (5 to 6-mm diameter), and minimum (5-mm diameter) cornea were measured in normal Chinese school children aged 7 to 15 years old using Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. Multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the effect of associated factors [age, gender, refraction, axial length and corneal curvature radius (CCR)] on CT and the relationship between central corneal thickness (CCT) and intraocular pressure (IOP). A total of 1228 eyes from 614 children were analyzed. The average CCT was 532.96 ± 28.33 μm for right eyes and 532.70 ±28.45 μm for left eyes. With a 10 μm increase in CCT, the IOP was elevated by 0.37 mm Hg, as measured by noncontact tonometry. The CT increased gradually from the center to the periphery. The superior and superior nasal regions had the thickest CTs, while the thinnest points were primarily located in the inferior temporal cornea. The CCT was associated with CCR (p = 0.008) but not with gender (p = 0.075), age (p = 0.286), axial length (p = 0.405), or refraction (p = 0.985). In the para-central region and the peripheral cornea, increased CT was associated with younger age, male gender, and a flatter cornea.     

Correlation between Lamina Cribrosa Tilt Angles,Myopia and Glaucoma Using OCT with a Wide Bandwidth Femtosecond Mode-Locked Laser

Purpose

To measure horizontal and vertical lamina cribrosa (LC) tilt angles and investigate associated factors using prototype optical coherence tomography (OCT) with a broad wavelength laser light source.

Design

Cross sectional study.

Methods

Twenty-eight no glaucoma eyes (from 15 subjects) and 25 glaucoma eyes (from 14 patients) were enrolled. A total of 300 optic nerve head B-scans were obtained in 10 µm steps and the inner edge of Bruch''s membrane opening (BMO) was identified as the reference plane. The vertical and horizontal angles between BMO line and approximate the best-fitting line for the surface of the LC were measured and potential associated factors were estimated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

The median (interquartile range) horizontal and vertical tilt angles were 7.10 (2.43–11.45) degrees and 4.15 (2.60–6.85) degrees in eyes without glaucoma and 8.50 (4.40–14.10) degrees and 9.30 (6.90–14.15) degrees in glaucoma eyes, respectively. The refractive errors had a statistically significant association with horizontal LC tilt angles (coefficients, −1.53 per diopter) and glaucoma had a significant correlation with vertical tilt angles (coefficients, 6.56) using multiple logistic regression analysis (p<0.001).

Conclusions

OCT allowed evaluation of the internal tilting of the LC compared with the BMO. The horizontal internal LC tilt angle was correlated with refractive errors, corresponding to myopic physiological changes, and vertical internal LC tilt was correlated with glaucoma, corresponding to glaucomatous pathological changes. These parameters have important implications for investigation of the correlation between myopia, glaucoma and LC morphological features.     

Corneal Sensitivity and Dry Eye Symptoms in Patients with Keratoconus

Purpose

To investigate corneal sensitivity to selective mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimulation and to evaluate their relation to dry eye symptoms in patients with keratoconus.

Methods

Corneal sensitivity to mechanical, chemical, and thermal thresholds were determined using a gas esthesiometer in 19 patients with keratoconus (KC group) and in 20 age-matched healthy subjects (control group). Tear film dynamics was assessed by Schirmer I test and by the non-invasive tear film breakup time (NI-BUT). All eyes were examined with a rotating Scheimpflug camera to assess keratoconus severity.

Results

KC patients had significatly decreased tear secretion and significantly higher ocular surface disease index (OSDI) scores compared to controls (5.3±2.2 vs. 13.2±2.0 mm and 26.8±15.8 vs. 8.1±2.3; p<0.001). There was no significant difference in NI-BUT between the two groups (KC: 9.8±4.8 vs. control: 10.7±3.8; p>0.05). The mean threshold for selective mechanical (KC: 139.2±25.8 vs. control: 109.1±24.0 ml/min), chemical (KC: 39.4±3.9 vs. control: 35.2±1.9%CO₂), heat (KC: 0.91±0.32 vs. control: 0.54±0.26 Δ°C) and cold (KC: 1.28±0.27 vs. control: 0.98±0.25 Δ°C) stimulation in the KC patients were significantly higher than in the control subjects (p<0.001, for all parameters). No correlation was found between age and mechanical, chemical, heat or cold thresholds in the patients with KC (p>0.05), whereas in the control subjects both mechanical (r = 0.52, p = 0.02), chemical (r = 0.47, p = 0.04), heat (r = 0.26, p = 0.04) and cold threshold (r = 0.40, p = 0.03) increased with age. In the KC group, neither corneal thickness nor tear flow, NI-BUT or OSDI correlated significantly with mechanical, chemical, heat or cold thresholds (p>0.05 for all variables).

Conclusions

Corneal sensitivity to different types of stimuli is decreased in patients with keratoconus independently of age and disease severity. The reduction of the sensory input from corneal nerves may contribute to the onset of unpleasant sensations in these patients and might lead to the impaired tear film dynamics.     

SLC26A4 Mutations in Patients with Moderate to Severe Hearing Loss

Mutations in SLC26A4 cause either syndromic or nonsyndromic hearing loss. We identified a link between hearing loss and DFNB4 in 3 of the 50 families participating in this study. Sequencing analysis revealed two SLC26A4 mutations, p.V239D and p.S57X, in affected members of the 3 families. These mutations have been previously reported in deaf individuals from the subcontinent, all of whom manifested profound deafness. The patients investigated in our study exhibited moderate to severe hearing loss. Our results show that inactivating SLC26A4 mutations that cause profound deafness can also be involved in the etiology of moderate to severe hearing loss. The type of mutation cannot predict the severity of the hearing loss in all cases, and there may be additional epistatic interactions that could modify the phenotype.     

Femtosecond Laser Axotomy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Collateral Damage Assessment Using a Combination of Linear and Nonlinear Imaging Techniques

In this work highly localized femtosecond laser ablation is used to dissect single axons within a living Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). We present a multimodal imaging methodology for the assessment of the collateral damage induced by the laser. This relies on the observation of the tissues surrounding the targeted region using a combination of different high resolution microscopy modalities. We present the use of Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) and Polarization Sensitive SHG (PSHG) to determine damage in the neighbor muscle cells. All the above is done using a single instrument: multimodal microscopy setup that allows simultaneous imaging in the linear and non-linear regimes and femtosecond-laser ablation.     

Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors with Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis with Low Disease Activity Compared to Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study

ObjectivesRheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been identified as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. The importance of risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia in the generation of atherosclerosis in RA patients is unclear. This study analyzed clinical parameters associated with carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) in patients with RA.MethodsSubjects with RA and healthy controls without RA, both without known cardiovascular disease, were included. Participants underwent a standard physical examination and laboratory measurements including a lipid profile. cIMT was measured semi-automatically by ultrasound.ResultsIn total 243 RA patients and 117 controls were included. The median RA disease duration was 7 years (IQR 2–14 years). The median DAS28 was 2.4 (IQR 1.6–3.2) and 114 (50.4%) of the RA patients were in remission. The presence of RA and cIMT were not associated (univariate analysis). Multivariable regression analysis showed that cIMT in RA patients was associated with age (B = 0.006, P<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (B = 0.003, P = 0.003). In controls, cIMT was associated with age (B = 0.006, P<0.001) and smoking (B = 0.097, P = 0.001).ConclusioncIMT values were similar between RA patients and controls. Hypertension was strongly associated with cIMT in RA patients. After adjustment, no association between cIMT and specific RA disease characteristics was found in this well treated RA cohort.     

小剂量多西环素联合强脉冲光对中重度痤疮患者皮损症状、炎性反应及Acne-QOL评分的影响

摘要 目的：观察小剂量多西环素联合强脉冲光对中重度痤疮患者皮损症状、炎性反应及痤疮特异性生活质量量表（Acne-QOL）评分的影响。方法：按照随机数字表法将江苏大学附属宜兴医院2020年3月~2021年5月期间接收的97例中重度痤疮患者分为对照组（小剂量多西环素治疗,n=48）和研究组（小剂量多西环素联合强脉冲光治疗,n=49）。对比两组疗效、皮损症状改善情况、炎性反应及Acne-QOL评分。结果：两组治疗后,研究组的临床总有效率（93.88%）高于对照组（77.08%）（P<0.05）。粉刺、炎性丘瘆、脓疱、囊肿、结节数目减少,且研究组低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。两组治疗后肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、降钙素原（PCT）下降,且研究组低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。两组治疗后情感功能、自我感知、社会功能、痤疮症状评分升高,且研究组高于对照组同期（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比无差异（P>0.05）。结论：小剂量多西环素联合强脉冲光可有效改善中重度痤疮患者的皮损症状,减轻机体炎性反应,从而有利于患者生活质量的提高。     

Age-Related Association of Refractive Error with Intraocular Pressure in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Background

To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and refractive errors according to age group in a representative sample of non-glaucomatous Korean adults.

Methods

A total of 7,277 adults (≥19 years) who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2011 underwent ophthalmic examination were divided into three groups according to age: the young- (19–39 years), middle- (40–59 years), and old- (≥60 years) age groups. Simple and multiple regression analyses between IOP and various parameters (including the refractive error) were conducted.

Results

The mean IOP of the total population was 14.0±0.1 mmHg [young: 13.9±0.1 mmHg; middle: 14.1±0.1 mmHg; old: 13.8±0.2 mmHg (P for trend = 0.085)]. Myopia and high myopia were more prevalent in the young- (70.8% and 16.1%, respectively), compared to the middle- (44.6% and 10.9%) and old- (8.9% and 2.2%) age groups. Univariate analysis in the total population showed that higher IOP was associated with myopic refractive error, the female gender, higher body mass index (BMI), diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia (all P<0.05). In the young- and middle-age groups, higher IOP was associated with myopic refractive error, the female gender, higher BMI, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes (all P<0.05). In the old-age group, the association between IOP and refractive error was not significant (P = 0.828). In multiple linear regression analysis, similar significant relationships between the refractive error and IOP were found in the young- and middle-age groups (beta = −0.08 and −0.12; P = 0.002 and <0.001 for young- and middle-age group, respectively), but not in the old-age group (beta = 0.03; P = 0.728), after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, region of habitation, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.

Conclusions

Myopic refractive error was an independent predictor of higher IOP in non- glaucomatous eyes, and the association between refractive error and IOP differed according to age.     

中、重度牙周炎与冠心病患者白细胞介素17 及血脂水平的比较

目的:研究汉族人群中、重度牙周炎与冠心病的相关性并初步探讨白细胞介素17在二者相关性中的可能作用。方法:检测和分析40名健康者(健康组)、40例中、重度牙周炎患者(牙周炎组)、28例冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者(冠心病组)及47例患冠心病伴中、重度牙周炎的患者(冠心病+牙周炎组)血清白细胞介素17水平、血脂水平(血清低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、胆固醇、总胆固醇和甘油三酯)和牙周临床指数(附着丧失、探诊深度和探诊出血)。结果:单因素方差分析结果显示,健康组、牙周炎组、冠心病组及牙周炎+冠心病组的血清白细胞介素17水平分别为(13.01±1.23)、(24.45±2.13)、(59.90±2.23)和(68.87±3.43)ng/L,各组血清白细胞介素17间的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),且经协方差分析校正年龄、受教育状况、血压和体重指数后显示,各组血清白细胞介素17水平间的差异仍具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析结果显示,中、重度牙周炎患者发生冠心病的可能性高于牙周健康者,其发生冠心病的相对风险率比值比为2.416(P=0.039;95%CI:1.126-6.659)。经协方差分析校正年龄、受教育状况、血压和体重指数后,各组血清总胆固醇水平间差异仍具有统计学意义(P=0.018)。结论:严重的牙周感染可能通过改变白细胞介素17水平,影响全身炎症反应和冠心病的发生及发展,可能是冠心病事件的危险因素之一。     

颏下岛状皮瓣修复口腔颌面部肿瘤术后缺损60 例分析

目的:对颏下岛状皮瓣修复口腔颌面部肿瘤术后缺损患者进行观察与探讨,为临床应用颏下岛状皮瓣修复治疗存在口腔颌面部肿瘤术后缺损情况的患者提供依据。方法:对2013年6月到2015年6月期间在医院接受颏下岛状皮瓣修复治疗的60例口腔颌面部肿瘤术后缺损患者进行临床回顾性研究,按照是否存在颈淋巴结转移分为两组进行研究比较。结果:研究组口腔颌面部肿瘤术后缺损患者的颏下岛状皮瓣存活率,术后复发率,术后6个月、1年、2年的生存率,术后并发症总发生率,总满意度与对照组口腔颌面部肿瘤术后缺损患者相比,组间差异不明显(P0.05),不具有统计学意义。结论:使用颏下岛状皮瓣修复治疗口腔颌面部肿瘤术后缺损患者的效果较好,大多数患者对于临床修复治疗效果比较满意。而且,对存在颈淋巴结转移的患者实施颈部淋巴结的清扫术及术后放疗对于临床疗效的影响不大,基本不影响皮瓣的存活,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

和血明目片联合全视网膜激光光凝术对糖尿病视网膜病变患者视力状况、血液流变学及脉络膜厚度的影响

摘要 目的：探讨和血明目片联合全视网膜激光光凝术（PRP）对糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）患者视力状况、血液流变学及脉络膜厚度的影响。方法：选择2018年3月~2019年12月期间来安徽省第二人民医院接受治疗的60例DR患者,经计算机随机编号按奇偶顺序分为对照组（奇数,n=30）和研究组（偶数,n=30）,两组在接受常规降糖治疗的基础上,对照组患者接受PRP治疗,研究组患者接受和血明目片联合PRP治疗,对比两组临床总有效率,观察两组治疗前后的视力状况、血液流变学及脉络膜厚度变化。结果：研究组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组裸眼视力、视野、视敏度均升高,研究组的升高程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组血浆黏度（PV）、红细胞聚集指数（AI）、全血高切黏度（NBH）、全血低切黏度（NBL）、血沉（ESR）均下降,研究组的下降程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组黄斑中心凹下脉络膜厚度（SFCT）、下方脉络膜厚度（ICT）、上方脉络膜厚度（SCT）、鼻侧脉络膜厚度（NCT）、颞侧脉络膜厚度（TCT）均下降,研究组的下降程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。两组均未见明显的不良反应发生。结论：和血明目片联合PRP可有效改善DR患者的视力状况、血液流变学及脉络膜厚度。     

Axial Length/Corneal Radius Ratio: Association with Refractive State and Role on Myopia Detection Combined with Visual Acuity in Chinese Schoolchildren

PurposeTo evaluate the association between the AL/CR ratio and refractive state and explore the effectiveness of this ratio in the assessment of myopia, especially when combined with uncorrected visual acuity in schoolchildren among whom myopia is common.MethodsCross sectional study. 4686 children from 6 primary schools, aged from 6 to 12 years were selected using the clustered-stratified random sampling method. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), axial length (AL), corneal radius of curvature (CR), and cycloplegic refraction were tested. Refraction was measured as the spherical equivalent (SE).Results3922 children were included in the analysis. The mean AL/CR ratio was 2.973±0.002, increased with age, and different in gender. The coefficients of correlations of the SE with the AL/CR ratio, AL, and CR were -0.811, -0.657, and 0.095, respectively. Linear regression showed a 10.72 D shift towards myopia with every 1 unit increase in the AL/CR ratio (P<0.001, r² = 66.4%). The estimated SE values obtained by substituting the AL/CR ratio and gender back to the regression model that were within a difference of ±0.50 D in ATE/LER (allowable total error and limits for erroneous results) zones compared to the actual measured values was 51%. The area under the ROC curve of the AL/CR ratio, AL, and UCVA for myopia detection were 0.910, 0.822, and 0.889, respectively, and the differences between each pair were statistically significant (P<0.01). At a specificity of 90%, the sensitivities were 72.98%, 50.50%, 71.99%, and 82.96%, respectively, for the AL/CR ratio, AL, UCVA, and the combination of the AL/CR ratio and UCVA.ConclusionsThe AL/CR ratio was found to explain the total variance in SE better than AL alone. The effectiveness of the AL/CR ratio was statistically significantly better than UCVA for detecting myopia in children, and combining the two produced increased sensitivity without significantly decreasing specificity.