A new species and a new variety of Cortinarius sect. Defibulati from Niigata,Japan

 A new species and a new variety of Cortinarius sect. Defibulati are described and illustrated from Niigata, Japan. Cortinarius rugosolilacinus sp.nov., found in deciduous forests, is most similar to Cortinarius livido-ochraceus (=C. elatior), but differs mainly in its longer basidiospores, slender basidiocarp, and pale violet lamellae in the button stage. Cortinarius pseudosalor var. niigatensis var. nov., found in deciduous forests, is distinguished from the type variety by its brown to dark brown pileus with a wrinkled surface even when young. The differences between the two taxa and similar species are briefly discussed. Received: September 5, 2001 / Accepted: May 23, 2002     

Aegilops cylindrica var.kastorianum (Poaceae): A new variety from Greece

A native population ofAegilops cylindrica was encountered for the first time in Greece in 1980 (near Kastoria, NW. Greece), completely isolated and at a great distance from its main distribution area. There are morphological and chromosomal, but no protein and esterase pattern differences from otherAe. cylindrica populations. This justifies the recognition of a new variety: var.kastorianum. Our comparative and karyotypic observations support the view thatAe. caudata var.polyathera and not var.caudata (typica) is the possible donor of genome C of the new variety.     

Erysiphe havrylenkoana and E. prunastri var. japonica: a new species and a new variety of Erysiphe sect. Uncinula (Erysiphaceae, Ascomycota)

A new species and a new variety of Erysiphe sect. Uncinula are described and illustrated. Erysiphe havrylenkoana is a new species found on Nothofagus alpina and N. obliqua in Argentina, and E. prunastri var. japonica is a new variety collected on Prunus maximowiczii in Japan. Erysiphe havrylenkoana differs from E. nothofagi, E. patagoniaca and E. magellanica in having unique helicoid appendages, brownish from the base to the beginning of helicoid part, spirally twisted at the center and straight or not spiral at the upper part with uncinate to circinate tip. The phylogenetic analyses of rDNA sequences clearly showed that the spiral pattern of helicoid appendages is an important morphological character to delimit species among Nothofagus powdery mildews. Erysiphe prunastri var. japonica is distinct from E. prunastri var. prunastri parasitizing hitherto Prunus species from East-Central Asia to Europe by having mainly eight asci per chasmothecium and smooth, rarely septate appendages.     

A new variety of trillium pusillum (Liliaceae) from the Virginias

A montane population ofTrillium pusillum Michx. from the crest of Shenandoah Mountain on the Virginia-West Virginia state line is newly described asT. pusillum var.monticulum. It differs from the related coastal plain variant, var.virginianum Fernald, by its broader and shorter leaf and sepal ratios, typically notched petal apices, consistently sessile flowers (not at all pedicellate), slightly shorter style, and reduced stature. The var.monticulum is restricted to the ridge crest of the mountains at 1190 m (3900 ft) elevation while the var.virginianum is restricted to the coastal plains of eastern Maryland and Virginia et elevations less than 30 m (100 ft).     

Whipworms of south-east Asian rodents are distinct from Trichuris muris

The whipworm Trichuris muris is known to be associated with various rodent species in the northern hemisphere, but the species identity of whipworm infecting rodents in the Oriental region remains largely unknown. We collected Trichuris of Muridae rodents in mainland and insular Southeast Asia between 2008 and 2015 and used molecular and morphological approaches to identify the systematic position of new specimens. We discovered two new species that were clearly distinct from T. muris, both in terms of molecular phylogenetic clustering and morphological features, with one species found in Thailand and another one in Borneo. We named the new species from Thailand as Trichuris cossoni and the species from Borneo as Trichuris arrizabalagai. Molecular phylogeny using internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) showed a divergence between T. arrizabalagai n. sp., T. cossoni n. sp. and T. muris. Our findings of phylogeographically distinct Trichuris species despite some globally distributed host species requires further research into the distribution of different species, previously assumed to belong to T. muris, which has particular relevance for using these species as laboratory model organisms.     

A new <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dactylella</Emphasis> species from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Orbilia alba</Emphasis>

A new Dactylella species, Dactylella alba was isolated from the ascospores of Orbilia alba collected in Wenshan County, Yunnan Province, China. Conidiophores were either not branched or occasionally branched, bearing divergent sterigmata on the tip with single conidium on each. Conidia were elongated ellipsoids, 1–2 septate, mostly 1 septate. By combining the ITS sequence with morphological characteristics, a new anamorphic species is described and illustrated together with its teleomorph.     

Molecular Phylogeny and Ecology of Textularia agglutinans d’Orbigny from the Mediterranean Coast of Israel: A Case of a Successful New Incumbent

Textularia agglutinans d’Orbigny is a non-symbiont bearing and comparatively large benthic foraminiferal species with a widespread distribution across all oceans. In recent years, its populations have considerably expanded along the Israeli Mediterranean coast of the eastern Levantine basin. Despite its exceptionally widespread occurrence, no molecular data have yet been obtained. This study provides the first ribosomal DNA sequences of T. agglutinans complemented with morphological and ecological characterization, which are based on material collected during environmental monitoring of the hard bottom habitats along the Israeli Mediterranean coast, and from the Gulf of Elat (northern Red Sea). Our phylogenetic analyses reveal that all specimens from both provinces belong to the same genetic population, regardless their morphological variability. These results indicate that modern population of T. agglutinans found on the Mediterranean coast of Israel is probably Lessepsian. Our study also reveals that T. agglutinans has an epiphytic life mode, which probably enabled its successful colonization of the hard bottom habitats, at the Mediterranean coast of Israel, which consist of a diverse community of macroalgae. Our study further indicates that the species does not tolerate high SST (> 35°C), which will probably prevent its future expansion in the easternmost Mediterranean in light of the expected rise in temperatures.     

Parahellenia,a new genus segregated from Hellenia (Costaceae) based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence

Previous studies recognized three major lineages of the family Costaceae: a South American clade, an Asian clade and a Costus clade. However, the genus Hellenia within the Asian clade has been shown to be non-monophyletic and its morphology has not been studied carefully. Therefore, the complete plastid genomes of Hellenia species were obtained and the monophyly of Hellenia was tested through four different datasets in this study. Plastid phylogenomic analyses of Costaceae revealed that Hellenia is strongly supported as paraphyletic. Two major clades are recovered, namely the Hellenia s.s. subclade and the Parahellenia subclade. Phylogenetic analyses based on an enlarged taxon sampling of the Asian clade using a two chloroplast markers dataset (trnK intron and trnL-F spacer) confirmed the paraphyly of Hellenia. Meanwhile, morphological analyses suggested that members of the Parahellenia subclade differ from the remaining Hellenia species in many characters including inflorescences, bracts, stigma, axillary buds, floral tubes and labellum. According to the present molecular and morphological evidence, the latter subclade is recognized as a new genus, Parahellenia. Two new species are described, four new combinations are made, and identification keys are also provided.     

A new variety of coreopsis mutica (Compositae) from Mexico

Coreopsis mutica var.simplicifolia is described from the state of Guanajuato in Mexico. The new variety is distinguishable by its simple lanceolate to linear-lanceolate leaves. In addition, var.simplicifolia is al lopatric with other C.mutica and has a distinctive leaf flavonoid chemistry. The chromosome number of the variety is 2n = 56.     

The phylogenetic position of Tuber glabrum sp. nov. and T. sinomonosporum nom. nov., two Paradoxa-like truffle species from China

Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis, the new species Tuber glabrum is described from China, and the new name T. sinomonosporum is proposed for Paradoxa sinensis. Tuber glabrum is similar to T. gigantosporum but differs by its glabrous ascomata. The ITS sequences of the two Paradoxa-like truffle species, which invariably have one-spored asci, fall into the lineage of Tuber and cluster in a distinct clade together with the European T. macrosporum and the North American T. canaliculatum.     

内蒙古大兴安岭白头翁属一新变种

描述了毛茛科白头翁属一新变种——裂萼细叶白头翁(Pulsatilla turczaninovii Kryl.et Serg.var.fissasepalum)。本变种与原变种细叶白头翁的主要区别为,外轮萼片有不等深度、不等大小的二深裂,中裂片最大,两侧裂片大小不等。     

A new variety of Pedicularis contorta (Scrophulariaceae) endemic to Idaho and Montana

Pedicularis contorta var.rubicunda, endemic to north-central Idaho and western Montana, is formally described and illustrated. Morphological and cytological comparisons are made with the two previously described varieties ofP. contorta. Specimens appearing morphologically intermediate between var.contorta and var.rubicunda are also examined.     

Description of a new species of Gastornis (Aves,Gastornithiformes) from the early Eocene of La Borie,southwestern France

The early Eocene locality of La Borie is located near the village of Saint-Papoul, in southwestern France. It consists of clay deposits that have yielded numerous vertebrate fossils, including remains of the giant flightless bird Gastornis. These remains were initially attributed to the species G. parisiensis, which is otherwise recorded from the late Paleocene and earliest Eocene of the North Sea Basin. New fossil birds collected in the La Borie clay pit in 2018 include an almost complete mandible of Gastornis. We describe a new species of Gastornis based on this mandible and we show that the previously described remains from La Borie must be assigned to this new species. The new species differs from other species of Gastornis in the morphology of the mandible, maxilla and quadrate. The morphological diversity of the genus Gastornis, which existed in Europe for at least 17 million years, is emphasized.LSID of publication: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:10E7938B-C972-4127-94DC-169D35977B11.     

The widespread naturalisation of Nymphaea hybrids is masking the decline of wild-type Nymphaea alba in Hesse,Germany

The genus Nymphaea has long been cherished for its ornamental value. Since the end of the 19th century, intensive breeding has produced a large number of widely available hybrids used in horticulture. However, their escape from cultivation and their introduction into the wild pose problems for the conservation of Nymphaea alba in its natural distribution area because many white-flowered hybrids cannot be identified by morphological characters alone. To reliably identify plants of hybrid origin and to study the extent of the invasion of natural habitats by such hybrids, a case study was performed in which plant material was sampled at 34 locations in the federal state of Hesse, Germany, and neighbouring federal states. In addition to morphological information and historical data on the populations, an AFLP analysis was used to distinguish populations of true Nymphaea alba from those of hybrid origin.     

Morphological Characters Useful for the Delimitation of Taxa Within Viola Subsect. Viola (Violaceae): A Morphometric Study from the West Carpathians

Forty-nine morphological characters were scored or measured on 44 populations (376 individuals) of Viola subsect. Viola from the West Carpathians and adjacent areas (Slovakia, Czech Republic, Austria and Hungary). The presence of six species, namely V. alba (represented by subsp. alba), V. ambigua, V. collina, V. hirta, V. odorata and V. suavis s.l. was revealed based on pollen fertility, cytological and morphometric analyses. The morphological characters traditionally used to delimit taxa within the subsection and those revealed by our study as most reliable are widely discussed. A key for identifying the taxa and most common hybrids of subsection Viola occurring in the West Carpathians is presented. Chromosome counting and flow cytometry were used to determine the ploidy levels of the populations studied. All individuals of V. alba subsp. alba, V. collina, V. hirta and V. odorata were tetraploid, while those of V. ambigua and V. suavis s.l. were octoploid.     

A new variety of coreopsis Californica (Compositae) Endemic to Arizona

Coreopsis californica var. newberryi, a new variety, differing from typical material ofC. californica in achene morphology, is proposed. Achene spotting in the two varieties exhibits maternal inheritance.