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长白山阔叶红松林早春植物的养分吸收与归还 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为揭示长白山阔叶红松林中早春植物的养分循环功能,在调查早春植物生长发育规律的基础上,对早春植物养分吸收与归还进行了研究.结果表明:早春植物的生物量为588.744 kg·hm-2,占长白山阔叶红松林总生物量的0.279%;早春植物吸收N、P、K的总量分别是14.916、3.078和7.292 kg·hm-2.顶冰花的腐解率最高,为0.085 g·g-1·d-1,完全分解只需33 d;黑水银莲花的腐解率最低,为0.058 g·g-1·d-1,完全分解需要49 d.可见,早春植物在冬春两季的过渡时期衔接了物质流,并在其他植物的生长期归还了养分,对森林生态系统能流和物流的连续性起到了重要作用. 相似文献
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早春草本层植物作为草本层动态变化的早期阶段,是森林的重要组成部分,对于维持森林生态系统功能及其多样性具有重要意义。为探究小兴安岭地区早春草本层植物对人为干扰后引起的林型改变的响应,以黑龙江凉水国家级自然保护区内的五种林型(白桦次生林(Betula platyphylla)、红松(Pinus koraiensis)人工林、落叶松(Larix gmelinii)人工林、阔叶红松择伐林以及阔叶红松林)为研究对象,分析林下早春草本层植物多样性的差异及其影响因素。结果显示:(1)研究区林下早春草本层植物共60种,隶属26科52属,林下优势种主要以银莲花(Anemone cathayensis)、东北羊角芹(Aegopodium alpestre)为主,五种林型早春草本层植物组成相似度较高;(2)五种林型不同生活史对策早春草本层植物的密度、盖度以及多样性指数均呈现显著差异;(3)土壤pH对早春生长期植物的密度、盖度及多样性指数,林下光对早春开花植物的密度和盖度以及早春展叶植物的多样性指数具有较高的解释率;(4)早春生长期植物的密度、盖度及多样性指数与土壤pH呈显著的正相关关系,其多样性指数与土壤全... 相似文献
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为了探索早春开花植物在低温下的开花机制,本研究采集了5种典型早春开花植物和5种非早春开花植物。基于高效液相色谱-质谱代谢组学技术对比分析了早春时期两者之间在内源激素和次生代谢产物上的差异。结果显示:早春开花植物中的生长素(IAA)和玉米素(ZT)含量明显低于非早春开花植物,而赤霉素(GA3)和脱落酸(ABA)的含量则显著高于非早春开花植物,表明GA3和ABA可能在促进早春开花植物的开花过程具有调控作用;在次生代谢物方面,酚类代谢物的前体物质L-苯丙氨酸,C6C1结构的酚类化合物:香草酸、丁香酸和原儿茶酸,C6C3结构的化合物:阿魏酸、绿原酸和咖啡酸,以及黄酮类化合物芹菜素、染料木苷、橙皮素、白杨素和高良姜素在非早春开花植物中的含量普遍高于早春开花植物。这可能是由于早春开花植物的开花过程伴随着更多的能量消耗,从而降低了其次生代谢水平。研究结果表明了内源植物激素和次生代谢产物对早春开花植物开花的生理过程的调控,并为进一步理解低温条件下植物开花过程奠定了基础。 相似文献
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调查和分析了白石砬子保护区早春类短命植物物种组成的数量特征,应用物种丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson优势度指数,定量描述了不同林型下早春类短命植物的物种多样性.结果表明:研究区有早春类短命植物12种2变型,隶属7科11属.黑水银莲花是早春类短命植物层片的优势种.花曲柳林下早春类短命植物物种数最多,枫桦林、红松阔叶林、落叶松林次之,蒙古栎林、杂木林、鱼鳞云杉臭冷杉林最少.多样性指数的变化趋势总体上表现为针阔混交林>落叶阔叶林>针叶林.均匀度指数的变化与多样性指数的变化趋势基本一致,与优势度指数的变化趋势相反.红松阔叶林下早春类短命植物物种多样性最高且各物种均匀分布,层片结构稳定. 相似文献
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在开展泛喜马拉雅地区植物调查中发现,早春低温时期,大多数高海拔植物的花芽苞片具有浓密柔毛形态特征。该研究以柳属植物为实验材料,运用红外线测温仪与红外热成像仪,在太阳光照射与遮荫两种情况下,对温带地区自然环境生长的白玉兰花芽进行测温,观测花芽内外温度的变化过程和规律,并采用Li-6400光合仪测定不同光照强度下柳属花芽与木兰属花芽内外温度变化,分析花芽温度与光强的关系,探讨花芽苞片被毛与海拔之间的关系。结果表明:(1)柳属植物花芽苞片被毛与海拔、光照强度有关,花芽苞片上的柔毛能够吸收太阳光中的热量,海拔越高,苞片具有更浓密的柔毛。(2)柔毛能防止花芽内部热量散失,使幼嫩的花芽在冬季或早春低温环境下免受低温影响。因此将花芽或花序苞片上具有浓密柔毛的植物称为"花芽被毛植物",其被毛特征是植物对早春低温环境适应性趋同进化的结果。 相似文献
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植物物候对城市化的响应是全球变化与城市生态环境效应研究的重要内容。2012年3月到6月,结合气象观测数据,对北京市西北向城市化梯度上7种早春草本植物开花物候期进行观测与研究,发现温度因子和早春草本植物开花物候期均随城市化梯度发生变化,即越靠近城市中心区,温度和积温累计值越高;早春草本植物开花物候期出现时间越早,平均提前2—4 d;但开花期持续时间与开花速率并不随城市化梯度发生明显变化。此外,研究发现北京市7种早春草本植物开花期对5℃积温变化响应最为敏感;开花期提前时间梯度变化显著性与生活型密切关联,多年生草本植物对城市化梯度变化的响应比一年生或一二年生草本植物明显。未来城市植物物候期研究中,应更关注城市化进程中土地利用/覆被变化与热岛效应对城市气候及植物生理生态特征的累积影响特征,以期进一步揭示植物物候期对城市化及气候变化的响应规律。 相似文献
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理解植物多样性变化的影响因素一直是群落生态学和生物地理学研究的重要内容。大量研究显示, 植物多样性受到海拔、古气候、现代气候、土壤养分和地上生物量等一系列因素的影响。然而, 很少有研究综合考虑这些因素对植物多样性的影响和相对重要性。本研究以北疆一年生早春短命植物为研究对象, 以2017年和2018年对32个样地调查的物种丰富度为基础, 通过一般线性模型和偏最小二乘通径模型分析了海拔、气候因素(年平均温度、冬季降水、2‒5月降水以及末次冰期以来2‒5月降水变化距平)、土壤养分(pH、土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、碳氮比、碳磷比和氮磷比)和地上生物量与该类植物物种丰富度平均值的关系及其相对重要性。结果显示: (1)一年生早春短命植物物种丰富度与海拔、年均温度、2‒5月降水、末次冰期以来2‒5月降水变化距平、土壤pH、土壤碳氮比和地上生物量均呈现显著的单峰型关系, 而与冬季降水之间表现为先降低后增加的变化趋势, 表明该类植物多样性同时受到多种因素的影响; (2)海拔、气候因素和土壤养分不仅对该类植物物种丰富度存在显著的直接影响, 也可通过改变地上生物量进而对其物种丰富度产生间接影响; (3)这些因素中, 气候因素是影响一年生早春短命植物物种丰富度的最主要影响因素, 其次分别为地上生物量、海拔和土壤养分。海拔、土壤养分、气候因素及地上生物量共同驱动了北疆地区一年生早春短命植物丰富度的变化。 相似文献
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本文对内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原栗钙土地带8种植物根瘤固氮酶活性的季节变化进行了测定。结果表明:1.不同种植物固氮酶活性表现了明显的季节性变化,夏季最高,平均值达到529.6n·mol C2H4/min·g,秋季较低,而春季只有夏季的10%左右。2.不同种植物,其根瘤固氮酶活性变化有不同的特点,杂花苜蓿是8种植物中固氮酶活性一直最高的,而小叶锦鸡儿与沙棘在8种植物中根瘤固氮酶活性一直较低,扁蓿豆,沙打旺前期较低,后期相对较高。3.同种植物在不同季节固氮酶活性表现了明显差别。 相似文献
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Charles R. Marshall James W. Valentine 《Evolution; international journal of organic evolution》2010,64(5):1189-1201
The genomes of taxa whose stem lineages branched early in metazoan history, and of allied protistan groups, provide a tantalizing outline of the morphological and genomic changes that accompanied the origin and early diversifications of animals. Genome comparisons show that the early clades increasingly contain genes that mediate development of complex features only seen in later metazoan branches. Peak additions of protein‐coding regulatory genes occurred deep in the metazoan tree, evidently within stem groups of metazoans and eumetazoans. However, the bodyplans of these early‐branching clades are relatively simple. The existence of major elements of the bilaterian developmental toolkit in these simpler organisms implies that these components evolved for functions other than the production of complex morphology, preadapting the genome for the morphological differentiation that occurred higher in metazoan phylogeny. Stem lineages of the bilaterian phyla apparently required few additional genes beyond their diploblastic ancestors. As disparate bodyplans appeared and diversified during the Cambrian explosion, increasing complexity was accommodated largely through changes in cis‐regulatory networks, accompanied by some additional gene novelties. Subsequently, protein‐coding genic richness appears to have essentially plateaued. Some genomic evidence suggests that similar stages of genomic evolution may have accompanied the rise of land plants. 相似文献
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植物多糖的凹形结构与生物活性关系 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
吕金顺 《天然产物研究与开发》2002,14(4):79-82
简述了植物多糖的生物活性与结构 ,讨论了植物多糖的生物活性与结构的关系 ,提出了凹形结构是多糖产生生物活性的基础 相似文献
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大针茅草原能进行光合作用的时间为160—170天。地上生物量的季节生长曲线呈单峰型,适宜的收获期在8月份。地上生物量的增长与群落的高度增长呈明显相关(R=0.959)。立枯量于6月份开始出现,其增长规律与绿色量呈相反的趋势。刈割后的再生草量以春季(5月份)刈割后的产量最高。仲夏(7月份)刈割对草场生产力的威胁最大。群落产量结构的研究表明:5己于人cm以上可供牲畜采食的部分约占总产量的70—80%。 相似文献
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The incidence of yellows virus in sugar-beet crops was reduced by increasing the density of plant population. The variations in plant population were obtained by differences in row width and singling distance. The differences in susceptibility between large- and small-topped varieties, and between early and late sown crops, could not be attributed solely to differences in plant size. It is suggested that close planting would increase the yields of sugar beet and reduce the losses caused by yellows virus. Roguing infected plants during the early part of the growing season did not reduce the incidence of disease. 相似文献
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IVOR ISAAC 《The Annals of applied biology》1957,45(3):512-515
Isolates of Verticillium albo-atrum, V. dahliae and V. nigrescens grown on media adequately supplied with sodium nitrate induced wilt rather more rapidly in antirrhinum plants growing in soils with a normal and an excessive amount of nitrogen than in plants in nitrogen-deficient soil, though plants became diseased in all soils. Similarly treated isolates of V. nubilum and V. tricorpus induced a greater incidence of wilt in plants in soil supplied with heavy dressings of organic nitrogenous fertilizer than in plants in soil deficient in nitrogen, although V. tricorpus from a medium containing much sodium nitrate, in contrast to V. nubilum , was pathogenic to plants in such deficient soil. The ability of the nitrogen-starved isolates to penetrate the host plant was significantly diminished, and even when wound-inoculated into stems their effect upon the host was much reduced. 相似文献
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The primary paleobotanical literature pertaining to Zosterophyllophytina (a now extinct group of Devonian vascular plants) was reexamined for evidence concerning the activity of the apex of fertile shoots as it might be revealed by the presence or absence of terminally located sporangia (terminate or nonterminate axes, respectively). The symmetry of sporangial arrangement (radial or bilateral), the presence or absence of enations, circinate axial tips, and the shape of the vascular strand were also recorded. We found terminate axes usually are (but not invariably) associated with radial symmetry and nonterminate axes are typically bilateral in symmetry. Other morphological features are consistent with this observation, e.g., enations, circinate tips, and (when preserved) elliptic vascular strands are found in association with bilateral symmetry and nonterminate axes. We hypothesize that there are two distinct patterns of fertile axial growth within the Zosterophyllophytina. Nonetheless, all taxa currently assigned to the zosterophyllophytes share a reniform or globose sporangial shape and a distal line of dehiscence. Accordingly, we view Zosterophyllophytina as a monophyletic group of plants, whose members show two distinct patterns of growth in their fertile axes. We speculate that lycopods arose from an early zosterophyllophytelike group characterized by nonterminate, radially symmetrical fertile axes. We speculate that zosterophyllophytes with terminate fertile axes and those with nonterminate, bilaterally symmetrical fertile axes were phylogenetic deadends. 相似文献
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Pea plants grown under controlled conditions for 28 days were sampled nine times during this growth period. On each sampling day 80 plants were harvested. Cotyledons were excised from 40 plants and the root-shoot axis allowed to continue growth. The other 40 plants were divided into roots, shoots, and cotyledons; the dry weights of alcohol-water extracts and residues from these organs were determined. Shoot lengths, numbers of nodes, buds, flowers, and fruits of 28-day-old plants, whose cotyledons were excised at different times, were determined. These data indicate that cotyledon excision after the 13th day has no apparent effect on seedling growth, whereas excision before the 13th day reduces growth. Glucose-U-C14 supplied to attached cotyledons of 6- and 16-day-old seedlings resulted in no major difference in the distribution pattern of recovered label throughout the plant even though 16-day-old cotyledons were depleted of their normal endogenous food reserve. 相似文献
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John J. Gaudet 《American journal of botany》1964,51(5):495-502
During their ontogeny, the primordia of the juvenile leaves of Marsilea plants in sterile culture develop 1, 2 or 4 marginal meristems, and these, in turn, contribute cells to the young leaf by anti- and periclinal cell divisions. The final leaves are unifid, bifid, or quadrifid, depending on how many marginal meristems develop, and this is determined early in the ontogeny of the leaf. The mechanism which determines whether or not a marginal meristem develops may fluctuate, as shown by the existence of trifid leaves. Two forms of juvenile leaves are produced, those in a liquid medium, which in many respects resemble the adult quadrifid submerged leaves, and those on a solid medium, which in many respects resemble the adult land leaves. 相似文献