基于岗位需求的“食品微生物学”综合性实验项目设计与教学效果分析

"食品微生物学"是高等院校食品科学与工程、食品质量与安全及其相关专业的一门必修专业基础课,该课程实验技术是食品类专业学生必须掌握的基本技能,而传统的实验教学存在着与就业岗位需求脱节、学生参与度低等诸多问题,难以培养学生独立完成岗位工作的能力。为了培养学生的综合实践能力,适应就业岗位需求,保证该课程的实践教学质量,课题组通过调研30余家就业单位微生物岗位实际,将课程原有实验教学内容整合为两大综合性实验项目,涵盖了食品微生物学全部基本实验技能。实践表明,两大综合性实验项目的开展可有效提高食品微生物学实验教学效果,使学生全面获得食品微生物学的基本实验技能,有助于提高学生的综合能力,实现学生与就业岗位的无缝对接。     

基于微信平台的微课程教学法在“微生物学及检验技术”实验课教学中的应用与研究

为了激发医学检验技术专业学生对"微生物学及检验技术"实验课的学习兴趣、训练实验技能、拓展创新思维、促进素质教育,我们探索了基于微信平台的微课程教学法在该课程实验课的应用。实践证明微课程教学法能有效提升医学检验技术专业学生对该课程的喜爱程度,并有利于学生提升学科成绩,同时有效地增强了学生对学科前沿知识的关注度。     

创建多层次微生物学实验教学体系培养科研创新型人才

"微生物学"课程是高等教育生命科学教学中一门重要的基础课程。微生物学实验作为独立于微生物学理论课的基础实验课,对学生基本实验技能的培养和综合素质的提高,培养学生探索精神、创新意识和创新能力方面起着至关重要的作用。南开大学微生物学教学实验室依托"微生物学"国家重点学科、"教育部分子微生物学重点实验室"和"国家级生物实验教学示范中心",建立了多级别分层次的微生物学实验教学体系;确立了由基础性实验、综合性实验、创新性实验相结合的实验内容;同时充分利用本校教学科研资源优势,为学生搭建了多级别的科研创新训练实践平台,着重培养学生的科研素质、创新意识和创新能力,在微生物学科研创新型人才的培养中发挥了重要的作用。     

“环境工程微生物学”课程的教学改革探索与实践

"环境工程微生物学"是环境科学专业的核心基础课程,如何在教学过程中以学生为中心,注重学生能力培养,是"环境工程微生物学"课程教学改革的重要环节。本文从与实践结合、教学与科研有机结合、构建课程思维导图、挖掘与融入"课程思政"元素等多样化教学方法进行理论教学的改进。实践证明,"环境工程微生物学"课程的教学改革激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了学生对知识的应用及理解能力。     

基于岗位胜任力为导向的“食品微生物学检验”教学改革探索与实践

为提高学生的综合素质,适应快速发展的食品微生物检验行业和不断变化的食品微生物检验标准,我校开展了以岗位胜任力为导向的“食品微生物学检验”课程改革,从课程目标、课程内容、教学方法和考核方式4个方面开展教学改革,除了培养学生获得以专业知识和技能为主的显性胜任力外,还注重发展和提升学生的自主学习能力、解决实际问题能力,以及实事求是、吃苦耐劳等隐性胜任力。通过3年的教学实践,证实基于岗位胜任力的“食品微生物学检验”教学改革可以有效提高学生专业素养、综合素质和岗位胜任力,为食品质量与安全专业教学改革提供借鉴。     

“新工科”背景下环境微生物学课程实践教学育人模式的探索

从"新工科"背景下环境微生物学课程实践教学改革的现实意义出发,阐述了构建基于"新工科"要求的环境微生物学课程实践教学模式。该实践教学模式从学科基础实验、校企合作实训、课程设计实践和教学实践德育等4个方面进行设计,要求以提升学生的思想道德素质和实践能力为目标,达到契合环境微生物行业发展需求的目的。实践教学环节有效地加强了师生间的互动交流,激发了学生的实践创新积极性,为培养符合"新工科"要求的复合型、实践型具有环境微生物学知识背景的工程师提供了良好的实践平台。     

微生物学课程创新实践教学模式探索

为激发本科生对微生物学的学习兴趣、训练实验技能、拓展创新思维、促进素质教育,我们探索了"课堂讲授—实验课程—课题研究"三位一体、"理论—技能—创新实践"同步训练的微生物学教学模式,首次将研究生引入本科生素质教育中,并在教学方法、手段、考核等方面进行了改革试验,实践证明这一教学模式对主动掌握理论知识、激发创新精神、提高学生素质都有积极的推动作用。     

微生物学实践课程改革与学生创新能力的培养

微生物学是生命科学专业重要的基础课程,该课程应用性强。培养具有科学创新能力的科研人才和解决实际问题的应用型人才,是地方综合性大学的核心任务。为了更好地实现"学生为主体、教师为主导"的教育理念,对微生物学实践教学的教学内容和方法及师资培养等环节进行了改革,取得了一定的成效,形成了多样化的教学策略,为实践教学改革提供了新的思路。实践证明,学生能很好地掌握实验技能,促进了他们的实践能力和创新能力,提高了他们的科研素质。     

以职业技能为导向的“动物微生物学”课程高效课堂构建与实践

动物微生物学是高职院校畜牧兽医专业的一门重要基础课,理论性、技术性、实践性很强,其教学效果对学生后续专业的学习、实践技能的掌握有重要影响。本文从课程教学必须适应培养现代专业技术人才的要求出发,探讨了对"动物微生物学"课程教学进行改革与实践的必要性,提出要通过对教学课时的调整、授课内容的优化、教学方式的创新以及多媒体、翻转课堂、理论与实践一体化(以下简称理实一体化)等多种教学手段的综合使用,构建以职业技能为导向的"动物微生物学"课程高效课堂,努力找出一条培养具有相当的专业理论知识、一定的实践操作技能和较高的职业素养的应用型、复合型专业人才的现实途径。     

以职业教育为导向探究地方高师微生物学实验教学

针对地方性高等师范院校的人才培养目标,结合中学新课改下的微生物学实验教学,从强化师范生职业技能的角度对微生物学实验教学进行了改革.以培养学生的实践技能和创造性思维为出发点,从实验内容、教学方法、考核体系及毕业论文选题等方面入手,尝试建立一套适合地方性高等师范院校微生物学实验课程的教学体系.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.