老年患者24小时食管pH监测的护理

目的：探讨和总结老年人24小时食管pH监测的有效的护理方法。方法：我病区自2010年6月到2010年12月接受24小时食管pH监测的患者共50例,分为老年组（≥60岁）和非老年组,采用使用电池的动态pH监测仪进行监测。结果：本研究的50例老年患者中,46例置管一次成功,4例因咽部敏感给予2%的利多卡因10ml咽下后第二次均置管成功。本组检查后无一例造成咽部及胃部的损伤,无误吸等并发症发生。结论：24小时食管pH监测是一种安全、简便、无创伤、客观的检查技术,通过动态pH监测,可检测有无胃食管反流,并算出食管真正接触到反流胃酸的时间。正确的操作方法及细致到位的护理可减少老年患者检查时的痛苦,并有效预防并发症的发生。     

胃食管反流性咳嗽的临床诊断分析

目的:探讨胃食管反流(GER)性咳嗽的临床特征、诊断和治疗.方法:对33例X线胸片、组胺激发试验、鼻部检查正常的慢性咳嗽患者进行24 h食管pH监测,并利用症状相关性概率(SAP)来分析咳嗽与反流的相关性.对Demeester总积分≥14.72,和(或)咳嗽与反流SAP≥75%者进行为期12周的抗反流治疗.结果:33例患者中,有23例诊断为GER性咳嗽,并给予抗反流治疗,完成疗程后,有12例患者咳嗽完全消失,咳嗽与反流的SAP(上电极为0.80±0.18,下电极为0.87±0.11)显著高于另11例对抗反流治疗反应较差或无效的患者(上电极为0.39±0.27,下电极为0.48±0.31;P＜0.05).结论:GER是不明原因慢性咳嗽的一个重要的独立原因.24 h食管pH监测结合症状相关性分析有助于GER性咳嗽的诊断,抗反流治疗对其有较好的近期疗效.     

老年妇科手术患者的临床特点及处理探讨

目的:分析老年妇科手术患者的临床特点并探讨相应的处理方法.方法:选择55例老年妇科手术患者(年龄＞60岁)及同期60例非老年妇科手术患者(年龄＜50岁),比较两组患者病变性质、术前情况及术后情况,根据分析结果,探讨相应的处理方法.结果:老年组患者恶性肿瘤发生率显著多于非老年组患者(P＜0.01);老年组患者术前伴有基础性病变病例显著多于非老年组患者(P＜0.01,P＜0.05);老年组患者术后出现并发症的例数显著多于非老年组患者(P＜0.05).结论:对于老年妇科手术患者术前应加强检查,完善手术方案;积极控制老年患者的基础性病变,提高对手术及麻醉的耐受能力;术后给予减少并发症的措施,加强针对性护理,可有效减少老年妇科手术患者围手术死亡率.     

北京地区老年反流性食管炎患者临床特点和食管黏膜菌群结构分析

目的 探讨北京地区老年反流性食管炎（RE）患者的临床特点和食管黏膜菌群结构。方法 选择2018年1月至2021年11月北京地区219例老年RE患者，根据Savary-Miller分级和内镜诊断将患者分为轻度组（n=63）、中度组（n=109）、重度组（n=47）。纳入同期50名健康志愿者为对照组。比较不同程度老年RE患者年龄、性别、临床典型症状和非典型症状，其中典型症状包括反酸、胃灼热、胸痛等；非典型症状包括吞咽困难、呕吐、呕血黑便、贫血、嗳气、食欲减退等。比较不同程度老年RE患者24 h最长胃食管反流时间、>5 min反流次数及食管pH监测中pH<4总时间、pH<4反流次数。采集各组对象食管下段黏膜样本并提取细菌基因组DNA进行基因扩增，采用Illumina测序技术进行菌群分析。结果 不同程度老年RE患者年龄、胃灼热、反酸例数差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）；其中重度RE患者胃灼热例数（40例，85.1%）高于轻度RE患者（39例，61.9%），重度RE患者反酸例数（42例，89.4%）高于轻度RE患者（43例，68.3%）（均P<0.05）。不同程...     

以胸痛为主要表现的胃食管反流病36例临床分析

目的：探讨以胸痛为主要表现的胃食管反流病的病因、临床特点及诊治方法。方法：选择本院近年来诊治的36例已排除心源性及食管器质性病变,诊断为胃食管反流病的胸痛患者,予以埃索美拉唑20mg,每日两次;吗叮林10mg,每日三次治疗8周,观察其疗效并分别于2周,4周,8周记录症状缓解情况。结果：经抗反流治疗8周后,30例（83.33%）胸痛完全消失,4例（11.11%）明显缓解,2例（5.56%）无效,总有效率达94.44%。胸痛症状在治疗2周后积分下降不明显,而治疗4周,8周后显著改善,与治疗前比较有显著性差异（P〈0.01）。结论：胃食管反流病病因复杂、临床表现多样易误诊漏诊,胃镜检查结合24小时食管动态ph监测,必要时给予质子泵抑制剂试验性治疗可提高本病的确诊率。     

心率变异性与冠心病、年龄的关系-附170例临床样本观察

目的:探讨心率变异性(HRV)与年龄的关系及冠心病患者心率变异性(HRV)各时域指标的差异变化.方法:采用24小时动态心电图监测,对经冠状动脉造影检查明确诊断的133例冠心病患者和37例非冠心病患者进行HRV时域分析(SDNN,SDANN,RMSSD,pNN50,SDNNindex),并将结果做以对比,分析关系.结果:冠心病患者HRV时域指标(SDANN,RMSSD,pNN50)低于非冠心病组,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且在非冠心病组冠心病患者组中,老年组HRV低于中年组,具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:冠心病血管病变与迷走神经功能能受损相关,且随着年龄的增长,迷走神经功能下降.     

犬胃内pH值和胆红素的持续监测

目的研究犬胃内pH值和胆汁反流的特点.方法应用便携式pH监测仪和便携式光纤分光光度仪(Bilitec 2000),持续监测禁食状态下5只犬胃内的pH值和胆红素吸光值(abs),每只犬同条件下监测2次,共进行10次监测.结果 pH值的波动范围1.2～7.8, 平均5.4±0.5,pH>4的时间百分比为(91.2±7.3)%.10次监测中仅1次胆汁反流阳性,其他9次abs的波动范围为0～0.20,平均0.08±0.02.结论犬胃内pH水平较人高.首次将Bilitec用于犬胃内胆红素的检测,发现胆汁反流发生率较低,建议以abs>0.20为犬胃内胆汁反流的诊断标准.     

人食管平滑肌条在不同pH值溶液中收缩及舒张反应研究

目的:观察不同pH值的Kreb's液对人食管下段平滑肌条的体外收缩功能的影响,同时明确食管环形肌(circular smoothmuscle,CM)及食管纵行肌(longitude smooth muscle,LM)对其反应的区别,以探讨酸性反流性食管炎及Barrett食管的相关发病机制.方法:根据24h食管pH值检测、食管镜检及HE染色结果,分辨、筛选正常人食管平滑肌,制备环形平滑肌与纵行平滑肌条,描述4种pH值Kreb's液(pH∶6.7,6.9,7.1,7.3)组给药前后人食管肌条收缩曲线.结果:LM在各组pH条件下乙酰胆碱的浓度依赖收缩反应无明显差异,但是CM在pH为6.7组中收缩反应明显低于其他各组;LM在各pH组中对异丙肾上腺素舒张反应无明显差异,而CM在pH为6.7及6.9组异丙肾上腺素舒张反应明显降低.结论:不同的酸性条件下食管平滑肌中的纵行肌及环行肌对乙酰胆碱及异丙肾上腺素的反应性不同,酸损伤减弱CM收缩及舒张反应,可能参与反流性食管炎、Barrett食管等食管运动功能性疾病的发生过程.     

埃索美拉唑联合胃力康颗粒对胃食管反流的临床疗效及其对患者促甲状腺激素、胃蛋白酶原水平的影响

目的:探讨埃索美拉唑联合胃力康颗粒对胃食管反流的临床疗效及其对患者促甲状腺激素、胃蛋白酶原水平的影响。方法:选取我院老年病科诊断为胃食管反流患者70例,按随机数字表法平均分为两组,对照组35例予以胃力康颗粒治疗,观察组35例在对症治疗基础上联合埃索美拉唑治疗,测定并记录两组治疗前后血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、胃蛋白酶原(PGⅠ、Ⅱ)水平、反流症状评分,治疗后临床疗效及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组治疗有效率显著高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。与对照组比较,观察组治疗后促甲状腺激素水平较高,PGⅠ水平较高,PGⅡ水平较低,反流症状评分水平较低,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:埃索美拉唑联合胃力康颗粒治疗胃食管反流的临床效果显著,且能升高促甲状腺激素及PGⅠ水平,降低PGⅡ水平。     

老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰与早期肾损害的临床观察

目的:探讨老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰与早期肾损害的关系。方法:选择我院收治的94例老年原发性高血压患者进行24小时动态血压监测,并根据监测结果,将患者分为晨峰组62例和非晨峰组32例,检测和比较两组的血肌酐和尿素氮、12小时尿微量蛋白、尿β2微球蛋白、空腹血糖、血脂等指标。结果:老年高血压患者晨峰组12小时尿微量蛋白、尿β2微球蛋白均显著高于非晨峰组(P0.05);晨峰血压与12小时尿微量白蛋白(r=0.374)、尿β2微球蛋白(r=0.456)呈显著正相关。结论:老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰与早期肾损害有关,治疗高血压的同时重视控制晨峰血压有重要意义。     

Role of 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in a general hospital.

During 1976, 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring was available to all physicians at this hospital, and 281 patients were investigated by 322 recordings. Cardiac arrhythmias requiring treatment were detected in 100 patients (36%). Some presented after symptoms such as faintness, giddiness, palpitations, collapse, or fits, but ominous arrhythmias were also found in asymptomatic patients. A demand pacemaker was implanted for episodic sinoatrial or atrioventricular conduction disorder in 30, while 70 patients (25%) required antiarrhythmic drug treatment for ventricular or atrial tachyarrhythmias. Facilities for ambulatory 24-hour ECG monitoring are necessary in any large hospital, and precise diagnosis in most of our patients studied could not have been achieved by any other investigation.     

高血压不同并发症患者动态血压特点分析

目的:探讨高血压不同并发症患者动态血压特点。方法:选取123例确诊为高血压病的患者,根据合并不同的并发症分为四组,即单纯高血压(EH)组、高血压合并心房颤动(EH-AF)组、高血压合并腔隙性脑梗死(EH-LI)组和高血压合并左室肥厚(EH-LVH)组,行24H动态血压监测,分析动态血压各参数的变化。结果:合并有各种并发症的原发性高血压患者,其3级高血压所占百分比明显高于单纯原发性高血压,其平均收缩压和平均舒张压及收缩压、舒张压负荷值及血压昼夜波动节律异常均高于单纯原发性高血压患者;高血压合并左室肥厚患者,与高血压合并心房颤动及腔隙性脑梗死患者比较,平均收缩压和平均舒张压及收缩压、舒张压负荷值及血压昼夜波动节律异常均升高。结论:血压水平、血压负荷及血压昼夜波动节律异常与高血压并发症密切相关;高血压病合并不同并发症,其动态血压参数有不同特点。     

Thermal biofeedback as an effective substitute for sympatholytic medication in moderate hypertension: A failure to replicate

Thirty-three moderate hypertensives were converted to a 2-drug regimen of metoprolol and diuretic and BPs stabilized at a well-controlled level. They then completed one of three conditions over an 8-week interval: (I) 16 sessions of TBF (hand and foot warming); (II) 16 sessions of frontal EMG-BF; (III) regular home monitoring of BP. Attempts were then made to withdraw the patients from the sympatholytic medication. Those successfully withdrawn were followed up for one year. There were no significant advantages for TBF over the other two conditions in the short term or with long-term follow-up. Only 27% of treated patients (including Condition III failures who were remedicated and treated with TBF) were successfully off of the sympatholytic at a one-year follow-up. The generally poor results on clinical outcome were confirmed by clinic BPs, home BPs by patients, and 24-hour ambulatory BPs.This research was supported by grant No. HL-27622 from NHLBI. The authors wish to thank Dr. Guy C. McCoy for his role in the initial conceptualization of the study, Dr. Jim Jaccard and Barbara Greene for their assistance in the analyses of the 24-hour ambulatory BP data, and Annabel Prins, Bruce Steffek, and Debra Belkin, who served as therapists for a portion of the study.     

Evidence that the degree and duration of acid suppression are related to Helicobacter pylori eradication by triple therapy

BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS: Eradication rates of Helicobacter pylori by a proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy depend on CYP2C19 genotype status. We investigated whether gastric acid inhibition during an eradication therapy would influence the eradication rates attained by the triple therapy. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with H. pylori infection underwent the first-line triple therapy with lansoprazole 30 mg, amoxicillin 750 mg, and clarithromycin 400 mg b.i.d. for 1 week. In all 32 patients, the 24-hour intragastric pH monitoring was performed on day 6 during the treatment period. RESULTS: The intention-to-treat-based eradication rate by the first-line therapy was 75.0% (24/32, 95%CI: 56.60-88.54%). In patients with successful eradication, the median 24-hour pH was 6.4 (range; 5.0-7.6), which was significantly higher than that in patients without eradication [5.2 (2.2-6.2), p = .0131]. The median percentage time of pH < 4.0 during 24-hour postdose in patients with eradication [0.5% (0.0-31.6%)] was significantly shorter than that in patients without eradication [26.7% (6.0-72.2%), p = .0017]. These parameters for acid inhibition significantly differed among the different CYP2C19 genotype groups. When the percentage time of pH < 4.0 and 24-hour pH were attained < 10% and > 6.0, respectively, during the eradication treatment, the majority of patients could eradicate H. pylori infection, irrespective of the bacterial susceptibility to clarithromycin. CONCLUSIONS: The sustained intragastric pH > 4.0 for a longer postdose time appears to be required for a successful eradication of H. pylori with lansoprazole and acid-labile antibiotics.     

Circadian rhythms may not influence the outcomes of thrombolysis in patients with ischemic stroke: A study from China

ABSTRACT

Circadian rhythms can affect physical or mental activities as well as the time of stroke onset. The impact of circadian rhythms on acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients treated by recombinant alteplase (rt-PA) is still incongruent. This study aims to consider whether the outcomes of thrombolysis differ depending on stroke onset time and rt-PA infusion time in patients with AIS. A total of 447 AIS patients, who underwent rt-PA intravenous infusion within 4.5 hours after stroke onset, were enrolled in this study consecutively from June 2010 through December 2016. All of the patients were grouped based on the stroke onset time and rt-PA infusion time into two exact 12-hour intervals as daytime (06:01–18:00) and nighttime (18:01–06:00) and further divided into four subgroups at 6-hour time intervals (00:01–06:00, 06:01–12:00, 12:01–18:00 and 18:01–24:00). Major neurological improvement at 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days, 7-day mortality rate and 24-hour hemorrhage transformation was recorded. The results showed that a total of 295 patients (66.4%) appeared with AIS and 252 (56.4%) were treated during daytime. Higher NIHSS at admission was observed when stroke occurred in nighttime, especially during 00:01–06:00. Patients with stroke onset in nighttime especially during 18:01–24:00 had a significant shorter onset-door time and onset-needle time. No differences of the major neurological improvement at 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days, 24-hour hemorrhagic transformation and 7-day fatality rate were found among either 12-hour time frames or 6-hour time frames according to the time of stroke onset or rt-PA infusion. In conclusion, there was no evidence to predict that circadian rhythms could influence the outcomes of AIS patients treated with rt-PA in China, although stroke onset during nighttime might aggravate neurological impairment before treatment. Further, multicenter and prospective clinical trials with larger number of subjects are still needed to draw more reliable conclusions.     

Value of heartburn for diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease in severely obese patients

Objective : To evaluate the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in severely obese patients and the association between symptoms and objective data of GERD in this population. Research Methods and Procedures : A total of 158 consecutive severely obese patients (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m²) were prospectively evaluated. Symptoms were evaluated by a structured clinical questionnaire. Objective assessment was made by ambulatory 24‐hour esophageal pH monitoring and endoscopy. GERD was defined by the presence of symptoms or complications (esophagitis). The clinical criterion defining GERD was the presence of at least two episodes of heartburn per week. Results : The mean age of the 138 patients subjected to complete study was 42.6 ± 10.2 years, with a BMI of 50.1 ± 6.9 kg/m² (range, 40.6 to 69.4 kg/m²); 78% were women. The prevalence of GERD evaluated by symptoms and/or esophagitis was 33.3% (46/138). Clinical criteria of GERD were present in 31/138 cases (22.5%), and 26 (18.8%) had esophagitis. In 69/138 patients (50%), pHmetry was abnormal. Fifty‐three patients with esophagitis and/or abnormal pHmetry were asymptomatic. The sensitivity of heartburn as a diagnostic criterion of GERD in patients with severe obesity was 29.3%, with a specificity of 85.7%. No significant association was observed between severe obesity grade and the prevalence of symptoms and/or objective data. Discussion : Asymptomatic gastroesophageal reflux (abnormal esophageal acid exposure and/or reflux esophagitis) is more common than symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux in severely obese patients. Increased BMI is not associated with a greater prevalence of GERD in these patients.     

Relationship between insulin resistance and low urinary pH in patients with gout, and effects of PPARalpha agonists on urine pH.

Patients with gout frequently have low urinary pH, though the underlying mechanism has not been identified. Recently, nephrolithiasis has been reported to be involved with renal manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The present study was conducted to clarify the mechanism of low urinary pH in gout patients. The relationships between urine pH and factors contributing to metabolic syndrome were investigated. In addition, the effects of PPAR alpha agonists on urine pH were examined. Patients with 24-hour urine samples below a level of pH 5.5 showed higher values for factors constituting metabolic syndrome, compared with those with 24-hour urine pH equal to or greater than 5.5. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that HOMA index was the only contributing factor to low urinary pH in gout patients, except for serum uric acid. Administrations of PPAR alpha agonists significantly raised 24-hour urine pH levels in gout patients in accordance with a reduction in serum triglyceride concentration, probably through their activities to improve insulin resistance. Our results suggest that insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of low urinary pH in patients with gout and that PPAR alpha agonist is preferable for raising urinary pH of the gout patients with hypertriglyceridemia.     

老年肥胖型正常高值血压患者24h-动态血压变异特点及与动脉僵硬度的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨老年肥胖型正常高值血压患者24h-动态血压变异特点及与动脉僵硬度的相关性。方法：选择2018年1月~2020年5月期间在我院住院的老年正常高值血压患者174例作为研究对象,根据腰围分为腹型肥胖组（n=85）和非腹型肥胖组（n=89）。所有受试者监测24h-动态血压[包括24h平均收缩压（24h-SBP）、白昼平均舒张压（dDBP）、24h平均舒张压（24h-DBP）、夜间平均收缩压（nSBP）、白昼平均收缩压（dSBP）、夜间平均收缩压（nDBP）、血压变异系数（CV）]和颈-桡动脉脉搏传导速度（crPWV）,分析24h-动态血压变异性、节律性特点和crPWV的影响因素。结果：腹型肥胖组患者非杓型血压、24h-SBP-CV、24h-DBP-CV、dSBP-CV、nSBP-CV、夜间SBP下降率以及crPWV均高于非腹型肥胖组（P<0.05）,腹型肥胖组患者动脉僵硬度增高发生率高于非腹型肥胖组患者（P<0.05）。控制混杂因素后,腹型肥胖组患者腰围与夜间SBP下降率（r=0.338）、24h-SBP-CV（r=0.279）、24h-DBP-CV（r=0.259）、dSBP-CV（r=0.208）、nSBP-CV（r=0.317）、crPWV（r=0.543）呈正相关性（P<0.05）。经多元线性回归分析结果显示,腰围、LDL-C、夜间SBP下降率、24h-SBP-CV和nSBP-CV是crPWV的重要影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：腹部脂肪沉积对老年正常高值血压患者24h动态血压变异性和动脉僵硬度有显著影响,部分24h-动态血压参数与动脉僵硬度有关,控制腰围对预防动脉硬化有着重要的意义。     

The Relation of Ambulatory Heart Rate with All-Cause Mortality among Middle-Aged Men: A Prospective Cohort Study

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between average 24-hour ambulatory heart rate and all-cause mortality, while adjusting for resting clinical heart rate, cardiorespiratory fitness, occupational and leisure time physical activity as well as classical risk factors. A group of 439 middle-aged male workers free of baseline coronary heart disease from the Belgian Physical Fitness Study was included in the analysis. Data were collected by questionnaires and clinical examinations from 1976 to 1978. All-cause mortality was collected from the national mortality registration with a mean follow-up period of 16.5 years, with a total of 48 events. After adjustment for all before mentioned confounders in a Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, a significant increased risk for all-cause mortality was found among the tertile of workers with highest average ambulatory heart rate compared to the tertile with lowest ambulatory heart rate (Hazard ratio = 3.21, 95% confidence interval: 1.22–8.44). No significant independent association was found between resting clinic heart rate and all-cause mortality. The study indicates that average 24-hour ambulatory heart rate is a strong predictor of all-cause mortality independent from resting clinic heart rate, cardiorespiratory fitness, occupational and leisure time physical activity and other classical risk factors among healthy middle-aged workers.