重组人血清白蛋白发酵过程表达期的定量研究

结合元素平衡和代谢平衡,建立了重组人血清白蛋白发酵过程表达期的数学模型,按单纯形多变量最优化方法估算了模型的未知参数,并探讨了导致表达期不同阶段产物形成速率存在差异的可能原因。该模型能较好地描述重组人血清白蛋白发酵过程表达期中各宏观反应速率之间的关系,为重组人血清白蛋白的高效表达提供了线索。     

重组人卵透明带ZP3蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达

利用P.pastoris表达人卵透明带ZP3蛋白。设计特定引物从全长hZP3 cDNA上扩增含跨膜区序列的人卵透明带ZP3基因片段,并在N末端接上串联组氨酸编码序列的重组基因序列;扩增片段插入表达载体pPIC9K中;线性化后的重组质粒转入P.pastoris中,用高浓度G418筛选高拷贝菌株,然后甲醇诱导目的蛋白表达。用SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析表达产物。结果发现P.pastoris表达的人ZP3蛋白可以分泌到培养液中,并且可溶性好。纯化前后的重组人ZP3蛋白均能与兔抗猪ZP3蛋白抗体发生交叉反应,证实表达的目的蛋白具有反应原性。     

人工合成的黑曲霉NRRL3135菌株植酸酶基因在毕赤酵母系统中的高效表达

本文以黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)NRRL3135菌株植酸酶基因为对象,通过基因人工合成的方法去除了该基因的内含子与信号肽编码序列,换用在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中使用频率较高的密码子以优化其表达。该人工合成植酸酶基因(PhyA-as)以N端融合的方式正确插入到毕赤酵母表达载体pPICZαA。通过电击将重组表达载体整合入酵母染色体DNA中得到重组转化子。SDSPAGE结果与表达产物酶学性质研究表明植酸酶得到分泌表达,且与天然产物性质基本一致。筛选得若干株高产基因工程菌,其中SPANⅢ菌株达到了在摇床培养条件下,每毫升发酵液产生165000u植酸酶的水平,基本满足工业化生产的要求。     

重组人血清白蛋白在Pichia pastoris中分泌表达影响因素的研究

为获得高产稳产重组人血清白蛋白的Pichia pastoris细胞株用于高密度发酵,构建了多种分泌表达载体,在Pichia pastoris中作表达,研究表达载体构建等因素对表达量的影响。发现采用酿酒酵母α性成熟因子前导肽比人血清白蛋白天然前导肽作为分泌信号肽的表达量要高10%左右。而载体整合方式、整合拷贝数、5’非翻译区的改造和甲醇利用表型等对表达量无规律性影响。筛选到的高表达株经高密度发酵,细胞湿重达460 g/L,发酵液上清的人血清白蛋白含量为1.0 g/L。     

扣囊复膜孢酵母β-葡萄糖苷酶基因在毕赤酵母中的克隆与表达

利用PCR技术,从扣囊复膜孢酵母的总DNA中扩增得到β-葡萄糖苷酶（β-Glucosidase）基因 (BGL1),长度为2596 bp,连接到pGEMT载体上,用限制性内切酶切下目的基因,插入到巴斯德毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,使之位于α-因子信号肽下游,且与之同框, 构建成重组质粒pSHL9K。 通过电转化将重组质粒pSHL9K插入到Pichia pastoris GS115菌株染色体中,获得高效表达BGL1基因的毕赤酵母重组工程菌株。重组酶的最适温度为50℃,最适pH为5.4。培养基中β-葡萄糖苷酶活性最高可达47U/mL。     

结核杆菌热休克蛋白70在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达与鉴定

获得结核杆菌热休克蛋白70在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达。构建了酵母表达质粒pPIC9K-hsp70,并将其线性化后用电穿孔法导入Pichia pastoris GS115,经PCR方法筛选出阳性菌落,在0.5%甲醇诱导下分泌表达。所得产物经离心收集上清、超滤浓缩脱盐、亲和层析后,分别用 SDSPAGE、Western blot和动物免疫实验对上清中的重组Hsp70进行鉴定,并考察产物对DC的作用。经SDSPAGE、Western blot分析表明表达的Hsp70表观分子量为70kD并能特异性地与抗Mt.Hsp70单抗结合,动物实验表明重组的Hsp70能在体诱导免疫应答。重组Hsp70能够诱导DC成熟并释放Th1型细胞因子。摇瓶发酵表达量达120mg/L,占培养上清30%以上。这为研究结核杆菌热休克蛋白70的生理功能提供了必要的物质条件。     

透明颤菌血红蛋白的表达对酵母中麦角固醇合成的影响

构建了含透明颤菌（Vistreoscilla）血红蛋白基因vgb和酵母遗传霉素（G418）抗性基因的重组质粒pVgbkanMX4,转化至酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1190中,经过分析,基因vgb在酵母细胞中得到表达。对重组菌和野生菌进行了摇瓶培养及5 L发酵罐培养的研究。在摇瓶实验中,重组菌的麦角固醇产量比野生菌有显著提高,在野生菌中的含量为0.573%、而在重组菌中的产量为1.07%。 经过30 h发酵罐培养的实验,野生菌中麦角固醇含量为0.9%,重组菌中其含量为1.38%,验证了摇瓶实验的结果。结果证明vgb基因有利于酵母中麦角固醇的合成。     

氮源流加对Alcaligenes eutrophus积累聚β-羟基丁酸的影响

以真养产碱杆菌(Alcaligenes eutrophus)为 聚β羟基丁酸(PHB)的生产菌株,在分析了PHB发酵过程参数变化的基础上,进一步探讨了PHB合成期不同的硫酸铵流加速率对PHB合成的影响。研究结果表明,在PHB合成阶段,培养基中氮源的完全缺乏,导致细胞合成PHB能力的下降;在PHB合成期,不同的氮源流加速率对PHB合成过程存在着显著的影响,当流加速率较小时,尽管最终胞内PHB含量很高,但细胞干重、PHB浓度和PHB生产强度都较低。当氮源流加速率过大时,会导致最终胞内PHB含量显著下降,使PHB浓度和PHB生产强度降低。当硫酸铵流加速率在05g/h左右时,可以得到较好的发酵效果。     

Bacillus subtilis fmbJ脂肽类抗菌物质的分离和鉴定

对Bacillus subtilis fmbJ脂肽类抗菌物质的分离和鉴定进行了系统研究。通过HPLC层析确定Bacillus subtilis fmbJ抗菌物质由多种组分构成,其中含有保留时间与surfactin相似的成分。通过TLC层析和原位酸解确定Bacillus subtilis fmbJ抗菌物质含有两个具有闭合肽键类的物质,其中之一为迁移率Rf与标样surfactin非常相近的组分。通过 ESIMS分析检测到Bacillus subtilis fmbJ抗菌物质含有分子量与fengicin相同的m/z1449.9、m/z1463.8、m/z1477.8、m/z1491.9和m/z1505.9五种同系物,和分子量与surfactin相同的m/z1008.8、m/z1022.8和m/z1036.8三种同系物。     

抗草甘膦抗虫植物表达载体的构建及其转基因烟草的分析

构建了含草甘膦抗性突变基因（aroAM12）和人工合成重组Bt抗虫基因（Bts1m）的植物表达载体pCM12_s1m。aroAM12基因的表达由CaMV35S启动子控制,Bts1m基因的表达由2E_CaMV35S启动子和Ω因子控制。通过农杆菌介导,将aroAM12和Bts1m基因转化到烟草中,转基因烟草通过在含草甘膦的MS培养基上筛选而获得。Southern blot分析表明所有经过草甘膦筛选出的转化植株都整合有aroAM12基因,约70%的转化植株同时整合有aroAM12和Bts1m基因。Northern blot、Immunodot blot分析进一步证明整合的两个基因在转录、翻译水平上均进行了表达,不同植株之间表达存在着差异。草甘膦抗性和虫试实验证明,获得的转基因烟草对草甘膦和烟青虫具有很强的抗性。     

Cognitive predictors of balance in Parkinson’s disease

Postural instability is one of the most incapacitating symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and appears to be related to cognitive deficits. This study aims to determine the cognitive factors that can predict deficits in static and dynamic balance in individuals with PD. A sociodemographic questionnaire characterized 52 individuals with PD for this work. The Trail Making Test, Rule Shift Cards Test, and Digit Span Test assessed the executive functions. The static balance was assessed using a plantar pressure platform, and dynamic balance was based on the Timed Up and Go Test. The results were statistically analysed using SPSS Statistics software through linear regression analysis. The results show that a statistically significant model based on cognitive outcomes was able to explain the variance of motor variables. Also, the explanatory value of the model tended to increase with the addition of individual and clinical variables, although the resulting model was not statistically significant The model explained 25–29% of the variability of the Timed Up and Go Test, while for the anteroposterior displacement it was 23–34%, and for the mediolateral displacement it was 24–39%. From the findings, we conclude that the cognitive performance, especially the executive functions, is a predictor of balance deficit in individuals with PD.     

A reliable simulator for dynamic flux balance analysis

Dynamic flux balance analysis (DFBA) provides a platform for detailed design, control and optimization of biochemical process technologies. It is a promising modeling framework that combines genome‐scale metabolic network analysis with dynamic simulation of the extracellular environment. Dynamic flux balance analysis assumes that the intracellular species concentrations are in equilibrium with the extracellular environment. The resulting underdetermined stoichiometric model is solved under the assumption of a biochemical objective such as growth rate maximization. The model of the metabolism is coupled with the dynamic mass balance equations of the extracellular environment via expressions for the rates of substrate uptake and product excretion, which imposes additional constraints on the linear program (LP) defined by growth rate maximization of the metabolism. The linear program is embedded into the dynamic model of the bioreactor, and together with the additional constraints this provides an accurate model of the substrate consumption, product secretion, and biomass production during operation. A DFBA model consists of a system of ordinary differential equations for which the evaluation of the right‐hand side requires not only function evaluations, but also the solution of one or more linear programs. The numerical tool presented here accurately and efficiently simulates large‐scale dynamic flux balance models. The main advantages that this approach has over existing implementation are that the integration scheme has a variable step size, that the linear program only has to be solved when qualitative changes in the optimal flux distribution of the metabolic network occur, and that it can reliably simulate behavior near the boundary of the domain where the model is defined. This is illustrated through large‐scale examples taken from the literature. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 792–802. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Reaction null-space filter: extracting reactionless synergies for optimal postural balance from motion capture data

This paper introduces the notion of a reactionless synergy: a postural variation for a specific motion pattern/strategy, whereby the movements of the segments do not alter the force/moment balance at the feet. Given an optimal initial posture in terms of stability, a reactionless synergy can ensure optimality throughout the entire movement. Reactionless synergies are derived via a dynamical model wherein the feet are regarded to be unfixed. Though in contrast with the conventional fixed-feet models, this approach has the advantage of exhibiting the reactions at the feet explicitly. The dynamical model also facilitates a joint-space decomposition scheme yielding two motion components: the reactionless synergy and an orthogonal complement responsible for the dynamical coupling between the feet and the support. Since the reactionless synergy provides the basis (a feedforward control component) for optimal balance control, it may play an important role when evaluating balance abnormalities or when assessing optimality in balance control. We show how to apply the proposed method for analysis of motion capture data obtained from three voluntary movement patterns in the sagittal plane: squat, sway, and forward bend.     

A dynamic model of water gain and loss in larval Mexican bean beetle

Abstract. Quantitative effects of temperature, vapour pressure deficit, host, and larval body size were experimentally determined. A simulation model for dynamic water balance in the Mexican bean beetle, Epilachna varivestis Mulsant, is presented and parameters are estimated from laboratory data for water gain/loss equations. The model is based on water loss through the cuticle, spiracles and frass, and water gain through ingestion.     

Optimum Biased Spring Balance Weighing Designs Under Equal Correlations of Errors

The paper deals with the problem of estimating the individual weights of objects under a biased spring balance weighing design with equal correlations of errors in the model. A lower bound for the variance of each of the estimated weights resulting from this biased spring balance weighing design is obtained and a necessary and sufficient condition for this lower bound to be attained is given. The incidence matrix of a BIB design has been used to construct optimum biased spring balance weighing designs.     

Expanded thermodynamic model for microbial true yield prediction

Thermodynamic methods to predict true yield and stoichiometry of bacterial reactions have been widely used in biotechnology and environmental engineering. However, yield predictions are often inaccurate for certain simple organic compounds. This work evaluates an existing method and identifies the cause of prediction errors for compounds with low degree of reductance of carbon. For these compounds, carbon, not energy or reducing equivalents, constrains growth. Existing thermodynamically-based models do not account for the potential of carbon-limited growth. The improved method described here consists of four balances: carbon balance, nitrogen balance, electron balance, and energy balance. Two efficiency terms, K1 and K2 are defined and estimated from a priori analysis. The results show that K1 and K2 are nearly the same in value so that only one coefficient, K = 0.41 is used in the modified model. Comparisons with observed yields show that use of the new model and parameters results in significantly improved yield estimation based on inclusion of the carbon balance. The average estimation error is less than 6% for the data set presented.     

森林蒸散模型参数的确定

以长白山阔叶红松林为研究对象,利用长白山阔叶红松林气象观测塔安装的常规气象梯度观测系统、开路涡动相关系统的观测数据,依据空气动力学基本理论与能量平衡方程建立了森林蒸散机理模型,确定了模型参数,即风速廓线稳定度订正函数ψm、温度廓线稳定度订正函数ψh和零平面位移高度d。其中,研究地的零平面位移高度d为17．8m,是平均冠层高度(26m)的0．68。同时,给出了ψm和ψh随梯度理查逊数Ri变化的数学表达式。     

森林蒸散模型参数的确定

以长白山阔叶红松林为研究对象,利用长白山阔叶红松林气象观测塔安装的常规气象梯度观测系统、开路涡动相关系统的观测数据,依据空气动力学基本理论与能量平衡方程建立了森林蒸散机理模型,确定了模型参数,即风速廓线稳定度订正函数φ_m、温度廓线稳定度订正函数φ_h和零平面位移高度d.其中,研究地的零平面位移高度d为17.8m,是平均冠层高度(26m)的0.68.同时,给出了φ_m和φ_h随梯度理查逊数R_i变化的数学表达式.     

长江中游地区生态系统服务平衡与城镇化的空间关系

生态系统服务与城镇化的相互作用关系研究是目前国际人地系统研究的热点和前沿领域。以长江中游地区325个县为研究单元,通过生态系统服务供需平衡评估矩阵法与城镇化相关指标分别测算了1995年、2005年、2015年生态系统服务平衡状况和城镇化水平,同时运用双变量空间自相关模型、空间计量模型探索了生态系统服务平衡与城镇化的空间关系。研究结果表明：（1）研究期间长江中游地区生态系统服务平衡状况不断恶化,而城镇化水平则持续上升;（2）生态系统服务平衡与城镇化之间存在显著负相关关系,不同区域的空间聚类模式表现出异质性;（3）添加控制变量的空间计量模型被证明能更好解释生态系统服务平衡与城镇化的空间关系,结果显示城镇化对态系统服务平衡的影响具有负外部效应,这种负外部效应在城镇化发展到一定阶段时逐渐减弱。建议,在城镇化进程中应统筹管理生态空间,尝试跨区域合作,实现生态与经济资源的共享与互补。