大肠杆菌高效表达重组蛋白策略

大肠杆菌表达系统是基因表达技术中发展最早和目前应用最广的经典表达系统。利用该系统表达重组蛋白具有许多优越性,但其表达效率受诸多因素的影响。本文综述国内外利用大肠杆菌表达系统高效表达外源蛋白的策略,主要包括选择合适的启动子、改变信号肽结构、提高mRNA稳定性、提高翻译效率、表达稀有密码子、降低包涵体形成及蛋白降解,利用融合蛋白与分子伴侣、调控发酵条件实现高密度培养等。     

Genetic selection system for improving recombinant membrane protein expression in E. coli

A major barrier to the physical characterization and structure determination of membrane proteins is low yield in recombinant expression. To address this problem, we have designed a selection strategy to isolate mutant strains of Escherichia coli that improve the expression of a targeted membrane protein. In this method, the coding sequence of the membrane protein of interest is fused to a C‐terminal selectable marker, so that the production of the selectable marker and survival on selective media is linked to expression of the targeted membrane protein. Thus, mutant strains with improved expression properties can be directly selected. We also introduce a rapid method for curing isolated strains of the plasmids used during the selection process, in which the plasmids are removed by in vivo digestion with the homing endonuclease I‐CreI. We tested this selection system on a rhomboid family protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Rv1337) and were able to isolate mutants, which we call EXP strains, with up to 75‐fold increased expression. The EXP strains also improve the expression of other membrane proteins that were not the target of selection, in one case roughly 90‐fold.     

Cloning of the nitrile hydratase gene from Nocardia sp. in Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris and its functional expression using site-directed mutagenesis

To obtain a recombinant Rhodococcus or Nocardia with not only higher enzymatic activity but also better operational stability and product-tolerance ability for bioconversion of acrylamide from acrylonitrile, an active and stable expression system of nitrile hydratase (NHase) was tried to construct as the technical platform of genetic manipulations. Two NHase genes, NHBA and NHBAX, from Nocardia YS-2002 were successfully cloned, based on bioinformatics design of PCR primers, and inserted into plasmid pUC18 and pET32a, respectively. Then, two recombinant Escherichia coli strains, JM105 (pUC18-NHBA) and BL21 (DE3) (pET32a-NHBAX) were constructed and their expressions of NHase were focused. The induction results showed that there was either no NHase activity in JM105 (pUC18-NHBA), or as low as 0.04 U (1 U=1 μmol acrylamide min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ dry cell) in BL21 (DE3) (pET32a-NHBAX). SDS-PAGE results showed that the -subunit of NHBA and NHBAX could not be efficiently expressed in both recombinant E. coli strains. The novel Pichia pastoris system was also applied to express NHase, but the expression level remained quite low (0.5–0.6 U) and the protein was unstable. For solving this problem, a possible genetic strategy, site-directed mutagenesis of the -subunit of the NHase was carried out. After the successful mutagenesis of the original rare start codon gtg into atg, a new recombinant strain, E. coli XL1-Blue (pUC18-NHBA^M), was screened and the NHase activity stably reached as high as 51 U under the same induction conditions.     

Site-directed mutagenesis of penicillin-binding protein 3 of Escherichia coli: Role of Val-545

Abstract Val545 of the Escherichia coli penicillin-binding protein 3 is essential to the acyl transfer mechanism through which the active-site serine 307 is acylated by benzylpenicillin and cephalexin and to the mechanism through which the protein allows rapidly growing cells to divide.     

人源CPP32基因的表达及其对大肠杆菌生长抑制作用的研究

将人源ＣＰＰ３２基因分别克隆到载体ｐＢＶ３２１和ｐＥＸ３１Ｂ中,得到ｐＢＶ３２１／ＣＰＰ和ｐＥＸ３１Ｂ／ＣＰＰ两种重组质粒。将它们分别转化到大肠杆菌中的结果显示,诱导真核细胞程序性死亡的ＣＰＰ３２基因对大肠杆菌的生长也有明显的抑制作用。ＮｏｒｔｈｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ显示ＣＰＰ３２基因在转录水平上得到了表达。这表明人源ＣＰＰ３２功能上的保守性     

3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶基因的质粒载体构建和表达

目的 实现3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶基因在大肠埃希菌中的高可溶性表达.方法 从土壤中分离睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌,提取其基因组DNA,PCR扩增3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶(3α-HSD)基因,将它克隆到原核表达载体上进行诱导表达.提取细菌总蛋白进行SDS-PAGE分析并测定酶活性.结果 经核苷酸序列测定和酶切鉴定结果表明,成功地构建了重组质粒,IPTG诱导表达后,获得融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE初步测定目的蛋白的相对分子量约为29kDa,与预期理论值一致;酶活性测定结果表明菌体可溶性总蛋白HSD酶比活性为142.81 U/mg,是对照BL21的12.97倍.结论 该研究成功地构建了3α-羟类固醇脱氢酶基因高效原核表达系统,为利用基因工程手段大量制备3α-HSD的工作奠定了基础.     

大鼠心肌营养素-1基因在大肠杆菌中的表达与初步纯化

为了实现心肌营养素 - 1 ( CT- 1 )的高效与可溶性表达 ,将 CT- 1基因分别插入到 3种大肠杆菌表达载体 p BV2 2 0、p GEX- 2 T和 p Trx FUS中 ,并实现了表达 ,全菌表达水平分别为 2 .6%、1 6%和 2 5 %。其中 ,CT- 1在 p Trx FUS表达载体中以包含体和可溶性两种方式表达 ,表达水平分别为2 0 .8%和 1 0 .7%。可溶性表达部分经过强阴离子交换和凝胶过滤两步纯化 ,纯度达 80 %以上     

重组人干扰素—β在大肠杆菌中的表达与活性分析

利用定点突变技术将人干扰素-β第17位半胱氨酸编码序列突变为丝氨酸(IFN-βser17),DNA序列分析证明了其核苷酸序列的正确性,并在大肠杆菌TAP106中获得高效表达,IFN-βser17表达量达20%,用Westemblot得到单一条带,细胞病变抑制法测定其比活性达(2～3)×107U/mg.INF-βser17的比活性和稳定性均超过天然人IFN-β.     

Characterization of adhesion zones in E. coli cells

After plasmolysis of Escherichia coli cells, the adhesion zones were characterized using the cytochemical PTA and SP procedures which stain peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) respectively. A PTA-stained layer was detected at the adhesion sites. This layer was visualized irrespective of the electron microscopy procedure used. Also, using SP staining an outer membrane in which LPS molecules were asymmetrically distributed, was observed.     

Fusion expression of mutated cecropin CMIV in E. coli

A cDNA coding mutated cecropin CMIV from Bombyx mori was synthesized according to its amino acid sequense using E .coli biased codons .The gene was cloned into the fusion expression vector pEZZ318 and was expressed in E .coli HB101.The fusion protein produced was purified by affinity chromatography to yield 26 mg/L fusion product .The anti-bacterial activities of recombinant cecropin CMIV were recovered after cleavage by chemical method.     

高赖氨酸蛋白基因在大肠埃希菌中的表达

从四棱豆中克隆高赖氨酸蛋白基因wblys,通过PCR扩增wblys片段,转入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1,构建pGEX-4T-1/wblys大肠埃希菌工程菌,表达重组蛋白,IPTG诱导后,发现细菌全蛋白在44 ku(含GST标签)处多出1条明显条带。HPLC检测赖氨酸含量。诱导后菌体总赖氨酸含量比正常菌体提高15.84 mg/g。在大肠埃希菌中高效表达植物源高赖氨酸蛋白基因,为该基因在益生菌中表达提供研究工作基础。     

Effect of Ssc protein mutations on the outer membrane permeability barrier function in Salmonella typhimurium: a study using ssc mutant alleles made by site-directed mutagenesis

We have previously discovered and characterized a novel essential enterobacterial protein, the Ssc protein of Salmonella typhimurium and found that the mutation Val291----Met in this protein inhibits bacterial growth at 42 degrees C and the function of its outer membrane permeability barrier at 37 degrees C [7]. In the present paper we prepared, by site-directed mutagenesis, a series of novel plasmid-encoded Ssc mutant proteins and tested their ability to compensate the loss of wild-type Ssc. The mutant proteins Met288----Lys and Gly289----Asp completely lacked this ability, and accordingly, were very defective. Ssc mutants Met288----Leu, Met290----Lys, and Met292----Lys were partially defective. Mutants Met290----Leu and Met292----Leu were non-defective as were also four randomly made mutant proteins with mutations outside the 288-292 region. The S. typhimurium derivative which contained both the chromosomally encoded Ssc Val291----Met and the plasmid-encoded Ssc Gly289----Asp had an outer membrane defect more severe than that caused by SscMet291 only. The mutant Ssc proteins had very little, if any, effect on the outer membrane function in the presence of wild-type Ssc. Even though the function of Ssc is not yet known, our results indicate that region 288-292 is important and that SscAsp289 is thus far the most defective mutant Ssc.     

人APRIL105-250基因的克隆与表达

目的 :克隆并表达人可溶性增殖诱导配体 (sAPRIL ,即人APRIL_105-250) ,为探索其在多种肿瘤细胞的增殖和存活以及促肿瘤形成中的作用奠定基础。方法 :从GENBANK中查找人APRIL蛋白 (编号:07588)序列 ,取其部分胞外 (APRIL_105-250)序列设计引物 ,用RT PCR从扁桃体总RNA中扩增出人APRIL_105-250基因 ,测序后将克隆载体经酶切并构建表达载体 ,在大肠杆菌中表达 ,并纯化蛋白。结果 :经克隆测序后进行同源比较 ,证实所克隆的基因即为人APRIL_105-250 基因。在大肠杆菌中表达量达 43.6% ,获得纯化蛋白。结论 :成功克隆与表达、纯化了人APRIL_105-250基因 ,为深入研究其功能奠定了基础 。     

Calcium-dependent protease of the cyanobacterium Anabaena: molecular cloning and expression of the gene in Escherichia coli, sequencing and site-directed mutagenesis

Summary It has been suggested that a calcium-dependent intracellular protease of the cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp., participates in the differentiation of heterocysts, cells that are specialized for fixation of N₂. Clones of the structural gene (designated prcA) for this protease from Anabaena variabilis strain ATCC 29413 and Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 were identified via their expression in Escherichia coli. The prcA gene from A. variabilis was sequenced. The genes of both strains, mutated by insertion of a drug resistance cassette, were returned to these same strains of Anabaena on suicide plasmids. The method of sacB-mediated positive selection for double recombinants was used to achieve replacement of the wild-type prcA genes by the mutated forms. The resulting mutants, which lacked Ca²⁺-dependent protease activity, were not impaired in heterocyst formation and grew on N₂ as sole nitrogen source.     

E．coli分泌表达载体的构建和人表皮生长因子在E．coli中的分泌性表达

采用ＰＣＲ技术从Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ基因组片段中克隆出碱性磷酸酯酶（ＰｈｏＡ）的启动子和信号肽序列．在ＰｈｏＡ启动予５＇端设计了ＥｃｏＲⅠ酶切位点,在信号肽编码序列３＇端设计了ＨｉｎｄⅢ酶切位点．将ＰＣＲ产物酶切后ＥｃｏＲⅠ－ＨｉｎｄⅢ片段克隆至ｐＢＲ３２２的ＥｃｏＲⅠ－ＨｉｎｄⅢ位点,组构出含有ＰｈｏＡ启动子和信号肽序列的分泌表达载体ｐＢＭ－Ｐｈｏ－１．之后将人表皮生长因子的成熟肽基因克隆至该载体,使之在Ｅ．ｃｏｌｉ中获得分泌表达,另采用ｐＩＮⅢ载体系统以分泌方式表达了人表皮生长因子。     

重组人载脂蛋白AI米兰突变体在大肠杆菌中的高表达

用RT-PCR法从人肝总RNA库中克隆出人载脂蛋白Al的cDNA序列,再通过重叠PCR将载脂蛋白AI的第179位精氨酸密码子突变成半胱氨酸密码子,即载胎蛋白AI米兰突变体基因。将此目的基因克隆至表达载体pQE30,重组质粒转化JMl09宿主菌,经表达试验筛选出高表达克隆;工程菌经诱导后表达出含6个氨基酸前肽的载脂蛋白AI米兰突变体。表达产物主要以可溶形式存在,但也有部分为包涵体。     

α1,2-岩藻糖基转移酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用PCR方法从幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP)基因组DNA中获得α1,2-岩藻糖基转移酶(α1,2-fuco-syltransferase,α1,2-fuct)基因,得到大小为906 bp的目的基因,将其定向插入到原核表达载体pET-22b(+)中,得到重组表达载体pET-fuct。将重组表达载体转化到大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,25℃,0.1 mmol/L异丙基硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导表达4 h,并用SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白的表达情况。结果表明,可表达出相对分子质量为33 kD的蛋白,与预期分子量一致,说明α1,2-岩藻糖基转移酶在大肠杆菌BL21中实现表达,应用HPLC法进行酶活检验,酶活达到了13.21 pmol/(mgPr.h)。     

重组人ZP3蛋白在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

目的:用基因工程方法制备重组人ZP3蛋白。方法:以全长人ZP3 cDNA片段为模板,通过PCR扩增出编码人ZP3蛋白不同肽段的cDNA片段,然后将这些cDNA片段分别插入到表达载体pET-19b的NcoⅠ-BamHⅠ或NdeⅠ-BamHⅠ位点内,共构建成6种人ZP3蛋白非融合表达质粒(pEZP3-1~pEZP3-6)和3种人ZP3蛋白融合表达质粒(pEZP3-7~pEZP3-9)。将这9种表达质粒分别转化大肠杆菌Rosetta2(DE3)感受态细胞并选择出Apr转化子,将Apr转化子接种到NZCYM培养基中(含AP 100μg/mL),在35~37℃振荡培养到对数生长期,加入IPTG至1.0~1.5mmol/L浓度诱导培养3h,离心收集细胞进行SDS-PAGE电泳检测和Western Blot杂交分析。结果:这9种人ZP3蛋白表达质粒在大肠杆菌Rosetta2(DE3)中得到高效表达,目的蛋白占总细胞蛋白的10~25%,表达产物均以包涵体形式存在。结论:成功构建了重组人ZP3蛋白原核表达系统,为进一步研究和应用人ZP3蛋白打下了基础。