生物质谱技术与蛋白质组学

生物质谱技术是蛋白质组学的支撑技术.详细论述了质谱技术的分类与基本分析原理,重点论述了质谱技术的发展变化,包括基质辅助激光解吸飞行时间质谱技术,电喷雾质谱技术,MALDI-Q-TOF和MAL-DI-TOF-TOF等质谱技术,以及质谱技术在蛋白质组学研究中的应用与未来的发展和挑战.     

生物质谱技术在蛋白质组学研究中的应用

随着技术的进步,蛋白质组学的研究重心由最初旨在鉴定细胞或组织内基因组所表达的全部蛋白质转移到从整个蛋白质组水平上阐述包括蛋白翻译后修饰、生物大分子相互作用等反映蛋白质功能的层次。多种质谱离子化技术的突破使质谱技术成为蛋白质组学研究必不可少的手段。质谱技术联合蛋白质组学多角度、深层次探索生命系统分子本质成为现阶段生命科学研究领域的主旋律之一。本文简要综述了肽和蛋白质等生物大分子质谱分析的原理、方式和应用,并对其发展前景做出展望。     

新书介绍

质谱技术丛书——有机质谱在生物医药中的应用 本书深入浅出地论述了有机质谱在生物医药学中的应用,全书共6章,分别介绍了有机质谱在蛋白质组学中的应用、生物质谱在生物分子间非共价键相互作用研究中的应用、糖基化蛋白质的生物质谱分析、质谱技术在天然药物研究中的应用、质谱在组合化学研究中的应用、串联质谱技术与药代动力学和药物代谢研究。     

蛋白质组学技术及其在心血管疾病研究中的应用

蛋白质组学是旨在研究蛋白质表达谱和蛋白质与蛋白质之间相互作用的新的领域。蛋白质组学的研究必须依赖高通量、自动化程度很高的技术。双向电泳、液相色谱和生物质谱技术的发展推动了蛋白质组学的研究。蛋白质组学为疾病发病机制的研究提供了新的思路和方法 ,本文重点介绍了蛋白质组学技术在心血管疾病研究中的应用     

蛋白质组学在肿瘤转移相关蛋白质筛选中的应用

蛋白质组学是研究蛋白质的组成和动态变化的一门新兴学科。其研究技术主要包括双向凝胶电泳、质谱和生物信息学。蛋白质组学在肿瘤中有广泛应用,本文着重对蛋白质组学技术及其在肿瘤转移中的应用作一综述。     

蛋白质组学研究技术及其在植物抗渗透胁迫研究中的应用

蛋白质组学是功能基因组学研究的热点领域之一。该文介绍了蛋白质组学的基本的和新兴的研究技术方法如蛋白质组样品的制备、双向凝胶电泳、生物质谱技术、蛋白质芯片技术、酵母双杂交系统和生物信息学等,以及蛋白质组学技术在植物抗干旱、盐渍等渗透胁迫研究中的应用。     

生物质谱与蛋白质组学

蛋白质组学是后基因组学时代最受关注的研究领域之一,其核心的鉴定技术——生物质谱近年来在仪器设计以及鉴定通量、分辨率和灵敏度等各方面均有质的飞跃,促进了蛋白质表达谱作图、定量蛋白质组分析、亚细胞器蛋白质组作图、蛋白质翻译后修饰以及蛋白质相互作用等蛋白质组研究各个领域的飞速发展。本综述了生物质谱技术的最新进展,及其在蛋白质组学研究中的应用。     

免疫蛋白质组学及其在病原菌研究中的应用

以双向电泳、生物质谱及生物信息学为主要技术支撑的蛋白质组学与传统免疫印迹技术相结合,产生了一门新兴的学科——免疫蛋白质组学。本主要从免疫蛋白质组学的产生、技术体系及在病原菌免疫原性蛋白质研究中的应用等3个方面对其进行综述。     

18O标记法在定量蛋白质组学中的应用

基于质谱技术去识别和检测蛋白质表达差异是一个热点,有助于生物过程和体系的分子机制的研究。近年来各种基于质谱技术的定量蛋白质组学研究方法发展较快,相对其他方法而言,18O标记法是一种较为理想、相对容易实现并且在不断完善的体外标记方法,最近在定量蛋白质组学研究中应用较多。现对18O标记法原理、特点以及技术方法的优化和应用进展进行综述。     

蛋白质组学研究中的双向电泳技术

蛋白质组学研究已经成为后基因组时代的研究热点,其两大支柱是双向凝胶电泳技术和生物质谱技术。尽管双向电泳技术近几年已经取得了突破性进展,是当前蛋白质分离的最常用技术,但其本身还有一些难以克服的问题。随着质谱技术的快速发展,双向电泳逐渐成为蛋白质组学研究的瓶颈。本综述双向电泳主要技术步骤的现状、存在问题及其改进方向。     

Mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics: state of the art and future outlook

Mass spectrometry-based plasma proteomics is a field where intense research has been performed during the last decade. Being closely linked to biomarker discovery, the field has received a fair amount of criticism, mostly due to the low number of novel biomarkers reaching the clinic. However, plasma proteomics is under gradual development with improvements on fractionation methods, mass spectrometry instrumentation and analytical approaches. These recent developments have contributed to the revival of plasma proteomics. The goal of this review is to summarize these advances, focusing in particular on fractionation methods, both for targeted and global mass spectrometry-based plasma analysis.     

Developments in mass spectrometry for the analysis of complex protein mixtures.

State-of-the-art proteomics workflows involve multiple interdependent steps: sample preparation, protein-peptide separation, mass spectrometry and data analysis. While improvements in any of these steps can increase the depth and breadth of analysis, advances in mass spectrometry have catalysed many of the most important developments. We discuss common classes of mass analysers and how these analysers are put together to produce some of the most popular mass spectrometry platforms. The capabilities of these platforms determine how they can be used in a variety of common proteomic strategies and, in turn, what types of biological questions can be addressed. Moving forward, powerful new hybrid mass spectrometers and application of emerging types of tandem mass spectrometry promise that our ability to analyse complex mixtures of proteins will continue to advance.     

基于电感耦合等离子体质谱的蛋白质定量技术研究进展

综述了ICP-MS法应用于蛋白质定量技术方面的研究进展.蛋白质定量研究已成为蛋白质组学研究领域的热点,它是解析生物体蛋白质功能的重要途径.基于同位素标记和生物质谱分析技术是蛋白质定量最常用的方法之一,近年来,随着质谱技术的发展,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术成为元素测量的重要手段,这使其在蛋白质定量中具一定的应用前景.     

Small-molecule probes elucidate global enzyme activity in a proteomic context

The recent dramatic improvements in high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) have revolutionized the speed and scope of proteomic studies. Conventional MS-based proteomics methodologies allow global protein profiling based on expression levels. Although these techniques are promising, there are numerous biological activities yet to be unveiled, such as the dynamic regulation of enzyme activity. Chemical proteomics is an emerging field that extends these types proteomic profiling. In particular, activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) utilizes small-molecule probes to monitor enzyme activity directly in living intact subjects. In this mini-review, we summarize the unique roles of smallmolecule probes in proteomics studies and highlight some recent examples in which this principle has been applied. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(3): 149-157]     

Advances in shotgun proteomics and the analysis of membrane proteomes

The emergence of shotgun proteomics has facilitated the numerous biological discoveries made by proteomic studies. However, comprehensive proteomic analysis remains challenging and shotgun proteomics is a continually changing field. This review details the recent developments in shotgun proteomics and describes emerging technologies that will influence shotgun proteomics going forward. In addition, proteomic studies of integral membrane proteins remain challenging due to the hydrophobic nature in integral membrane proteins and their general low abundance levels. However, there have been many strategies developed for enriching, isolating and separating membrane proteins for proteomic analysis that have moved this field forward. In summary, while shotgun proteomics is a widely used and mature technology, the continued pace of improvements in mass spectrometry and proteomic technology and methods indicate that future studies will have an even greater impact on biological discovery.     

Proposal for a standard representation of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis data

The global analysis of proteins is now feasible due to improvements in techniques such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), mass spectrometry, yeast two-hybrid systems and the development of bioinformatics applications. The experiments form the basis of proteomics, and present significant challenges in data analysis, storage and querying. We argue that a standard format for proteome data is required to enable the storage, exchange and subsequent re-analysis of large datasets. We describe the criteria that must be met for the development of a standard for proteomics. We have developed a model to represent data from 2-DE experiments, including difference gel electrophoresis along with image analysis and statistical analysis across multiple gels. This part of proteomics analysis is not represented in current proposals for proteomics standards. We are working with the Proteomics Standards Initiative to develop a model encompassing biological sample origin, experimental protocols, a number of separation techniques and mass spectrometry. The standard format will facilitate the development of central repositories of data, enabling results to be verified or re-analysed, and the correlation of results produced by different research groups using a variety of laboratory techniques.     

Overcoming the dynamic range problem in mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics

Protein profiling using mass spectrometry technology has emerged as a powerful method for analyzing large-scale protein-expression patterns in cells and tissues. However, a number of challenges are present in proteomics research, one of the greatest being the high degree of protein complexity and huge dynamic range of proteins expressed in the complex biological mixtures, which exceeds six orders of magnitude in cells and ten orders of magnitude in body fluids. Since many important signaling proteins have low expression levels, methods to detect the low-abundance proteins in a complex sample are required. This review will focus on the fundamental fractionation and mass spectrometry techniques currently used for large-scale shotgun proteomics research.     

Overcoming the dynamic range problem in mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics

Protein profiling using mass spectrometry technology has emerged as a powerful method for analyzing large-scale protein-expression patterns in cells and tissues. However, a number of challenges are present in proteomics research, one of the greatest being the high degree of protein complexity and huge dynamic range of proteins expressed in the complex biological mixtures, which exceeds six orders of magnitude in cells and ten orders of magnitude in body fluids. Since many important signaling proteins have low expression levels, methods to detect the low-abundance proteins in a complex sample are required. This review will focus on the fundamental fractionation and mass spectrometry techniques currently used for large-scale shotgun proteomics research.