AN ASSESSMENT OF VARIABILITY IN THEROPOD DINOSAUR REMAINS FROM THE BATHONIAN (MIDDLE JURASSIC) OF STONESFIELD AND NEW PARK QUARRY, UK AND TAXONOMIC IMPLICATIONS FOR MEGALOSAURUS BUCKLANDII AND ILIOSUCHUS INCOGNITUS

Abstract:  The assemblage of large-bodied theropod remains from the Taynton Limestone Formation (middle Bathonian) of Stonesfield, Oxfordshire and the Chipping Norton Limestone Formation (lowest Bathonian) of New Park Quarry, Gloucestershire, UK is interpreted as monospecific. An assessment of morphological variation in theropod fossils from these localities reveals no taxonomically-significant variation among remains representing large-bodied individuals. Previous observations of anatomical variation among femora, ilia and scapulocoracoids are attributed to postmortem damage and deformation. Referral of all such material to the first named dinosaur taxon, Megalosaurus bucklandii Mantell, is therefore justified. ' Iliosuchus incognitus ' lacks autapomorphies and is a nomen dubium . However, other remains of small-bodied theropods from Stonesfield indicate a minimum of two small-bodied taxa that are distinct from M. bucklandii.     

FORELIMB FUNCTION IN ORNITHOLESTES HERMANNI OSBORN (DINOSAURIA, THEROPODA)

Abstract:  Ornitholestes hermanni is a Late Jurassic theropod dinosaur from North America. This kinematic study of Ornitholestes uses manual manipulations of forelimb casts to determine range of motion. The manual phalanges of the O. hermanni holotype, previously unidentified, are here identified as phalanges I-1, I-2 (ungual), II-2 and II-3 (ungual). At all represented manual joints, hyperextensibility is small or absent, whereas flexion is strong, as in most other theropods. The elbow can be strongly flexed beyond a right angle. When data on range of forelimb motion in Ornitholestes are added to such data from other theropods, high elbow flexion is present in maniraptoriform coelurosaurs but not in basal theropods. Forelimb functions requiring strong elbow flexion (such as holding objects to the chest, or tucking the forearms in for their protection or to reduce wind resistance or heat loss) were therefore available to maniraptoriform coelurosaurs but not to basal theropods.     

长掌义县龙(兽脚类:恐龙)及其在手盗龙类进化和热河动物群生态学研究中的意义(英文)

重新研究了产于辽西义县组下部的带羽毛小型兽脚类恐龙长掌义县龙(Yixianosaurus longimanus) 的不完整骨架。系统发育分析得出义县龙属于手盗龙类基干类群,与阿尔瓦雷斯龙( Alvarezsaurus) 、镰刀龙类、除阿尔瓦雷斯龙之外的其他阿尔瓦雷斯龙类以及由窃蛋龙类和副鸟龙类等进步手盗龙类组成的一个类群形成多分支状态。义县龙既有原始特征,如臂指数低,第三指强壮; 也有进步特征,如乌喙骨近长方形,表明在手盗龙类当中,前肢演化呈现出比以前认为的更加复杂的镶嵌现象。强壮的前肢骨骼以及厚重、弯曲而尖利的手爪表明义县龙是捕食者,尽管这一认识尚待该属种更完整化石的发现来证实。义县龙在手盗龙类系统发育中的基部位置暗示,在虚骨龙类演化的这一节点上,前肢形态的变异范围更大。在许多方面,义县龙强壮的前肢和过度增大的弯曲爪子与长臂猎龙(Tanycolagreus) 和虚骨龙(Coelurus) 的相似,可能代表了这些属种与基干镰刀龙类和窃蛋龙类之间的过渡形态。义县龙保存了大的片状体羽,表明这些皮肤衍生物在虚骨龙类中的起源可能比以前报道的要早。最后,强壮而伸长的前肢暗示了其生态功能与根据同一区域的其他小型兽脚类推测的不同,支持了热河生物群的小型非鸟兽脚类中存在小生境划分的观点。     

HYBODONT SHARKS OF THE ENGLISH BATHONIAN AND CALLOVIAN (MIDDLE JURASSIC)

Abstract:  Recent bulk sampling and study of museum collections has revealed a high diversity of hybodont sharks from the English Bathonian, with 15 species being recognised. In addition, study of dental and skeletal material from the English Callovian has allowed the diagnosis of a new genus and species, Planohybodus peterboroughensis gen. et sp. nov., allowing the Bathonian species Hybodus grossiconus Agassiz to be referred to Planohybodus . Two additional new genera, Secarodus and Frangerodus , are erected for the Bathonian taxa Hybodus polyprion Agassiz and Strophodus lingualis Woodward, respectively. Egertonodus duffini sp. nov. is described and the diagnosis of Egertonodus based on dental material is discussed. The previously unrecorded Hybodus sp., Parvodus sp., and Lonchidion sp. are recognised but left in open nomenclature. Asteracanthus medius (Owen) is recorded in the British Bathonian for the first time, and the status of Bathonian nominal species of Asteracanthus are assessed. Bathonian hybodonts showed great diversity in trophic ecology and many of the species are specific to particular palaeoenvironments.     

中国上白垩统窃蛋龙科一新属种(兽脚类:窃蛋龙类)(英文)

根据可能发现于江西赣州晚白垩世南雄组地层中一件标本报道了窃蛋龙科一新属种——斑嵴龙。新标本具有以下不同于其他窃蛋龙属种的特征:由前颌骨和鼻骨形成的脊冠具有阶梯状的后端,表面有两个纵向的沟槽和许多倾斜的条痕;外鼻孔延长,其后侧与眶骨相近;翼骨腭骨支背缘有一深窝;齿骨后背缘有纵向沟槽;上隅骨前背缘有小结节。斑嵴龙腭部和下颌的一些特征不同于窃蛋龙科的其他属种,但近似于更原始的窃蛋龙类。这些特征表明斑嵴龙代表窃蛋龙科中相对原始的一个属种。这一系统发育假说得到了定量的系统发育分析的支持。斑嵴龙的发现不仅增加了晚白垩世窃蛋龙科的分异度,而且为这一类群的特征演化提供了重要信息。     

内蒙古上白垩统二连组发现一新镰刀龙类(英文)

镰刀龙类化石主要分布于亚洲白垩纪地层 (RussellandDong ,1 993;Xuetal.,1 999a ;KirklandandWolfe ,2 0 0 1 )。最近发现于内蒙古上白垩统二连组的杨氏内蒙古龙(Neimongosaurusyangi)代表这一类群中较为原始的属种 (张晓虹等 ,2 0 0 1 )。通过研究产自同一化石地点的镰刀龙类新材料 ,我们鉴定出一个不同于杨氏内蒙古龙的新属种 ,美掌二连龙(Erliansaurusbellamanusgen .etsp .nov.)。依据以下特征将Erliansaurusbellamanus归入镰刀龙超科 :肩胛骨干远端狭窄、肱骨近端角状、肱骨有后转子、肱骨的尺骨髁和桡骨髁位于肱骨干前部、肠骨髋臼后支远端加厚、距骨髁小和腓骨近端后缘窄。Erliansaurusbellamanus的以下自近裔特征区别于其他镰刀龙类 :前部尾椎具加大的滋养孔、肱骨后转子嵴状、肱骨后转子内侧有一卵形凹陷、肠骨外侧面坐骨柄上方有一多皱的肿状突起、腓骨近端后缘明显高于前缘以及腓骨前转子大、位置靠远端。本文对镰刀龙类的系统关系进行了初步的分析 ,结论如下 :北票龙 (Beipiaosaurus)代表除Eshanosaurus外最原始的属种 ,它没有以下一些其他镰刀龙类的进步性状 :掌爪近端深、胫骨短于股骨、非常短的骨以及第一骨关连跗骨。Erliansaurus、Alxasaurus、Neimongosaurus和Nothronychus比Bei     

辽宁西部早白垩世义县组一新驰龙类

我国辽西早白垩世义县组底部陆家屯层近年来产出大量恐龙和其他脊椎动物化石 ,其中包括兽脚类恐龙当中的伤齿龙类和窃蛋龙类 (Xu ,2 0 0 2 )。本文报道该层位产出的一件驰龙类化石标本。通过对比研究 ,我们确认这一标本不同于热河群已知的其他 3种驰龙类 ,并建立了驰龙类的一个新属种 :陆家屯纤细盗龙 (Graciliraptorlujiatunensisgen .etsp .nov .)。驰龙类最初发现于北美晚白垩世地层中 (MatthewandBrown ,1 92 2 ) ,随后在蒙古晚白垩世地层中也有发现 (Osborn ,1 92 4 ) ;现在已知驰龙类的化石记录主要集中在北美和中亚地区的白垩纪地层中 (Xu ,2 0 0 2 )。千禧中国鸟龙 (Sinornithosaurusmillenii)曾代表最早的确定无疑的驰龙属种 (Xuetal.,1 999) ,其生存时代大约为 1 2 5Ma (Swisheretal.,1 999)。陆家屯纤细盗龙正型标本产于义县组底部陆家屯层 ,其上覆和下伏岩层的同位素年代分别为 1 2 8Ma和 1 39Ma (Swisheretal.,2 0 0 1 )。因此 ,陆家屯纤细盗龙代表已知最早的驰龙属种。陆家屯纤细盗龙和其他驰龙类共享以下近裔特征 :尾椎前关节突和脉弧极度加长、上颌齿后缘锯齿明显大于前缘锯齿和指节III- 2明显缩短。陆家屯纤细盗龙的以下近裔特征区别于其他驰龙类 :中部尾椎有一板状结构连接左右后关节     

蒙古戈壁上白垩统的暴龙类额骨(英文)

记述了发现于蒙古戈壁查干泰格地点的一块额骨。短的眶缘和矢状脊的存在等特征表明,该标本属于暴龙超科。查干泰格地点出露的地层被认为属于森诺曼-桑托期的巴音沙拉组,新材料的发现为上白垩统下部非常稀少的暴龙类恐龙记录增添了新的内容。     

新疆吐鲁番—鄯善地区中侏罗世孢粉组合

研究新疆吐鲁番鄯善地区葡１井和草南１井中侏罗世孢子花粉化石４５属９７种,包括２个新种。建立西山窑组、三间房组和七克台组共３个孢粉组合,其地质时代相当于中侏罗世早期和晚期。     

中国西北马鬃山地区早白垩世黎明角龙属(恐龙:新角龙类)一未定种(英文)

记述了基干新角龙类恐龙黎明角龙属一未定种。标本发现于中国西北马鬃山地区俞井子盆地下白垩统新民堡群,包括一关联的具有头骨带下颌的部分骨架。未定种与模式种(皱褶种)相比具有较长的吻部,较窄的鼻骨及其他一些特征。该未定种的发现使黎明角龙属的地理分布范围向南东延伸了约100km,也使马鬃山地区的早白垩世成为世界上惟一保存大量基干新角龙类的区域。     

鲈鱼寄生逆转指环虫的分类地位

采用单个虫体PCR扩增、序列测定与分析的方法,对寄生于鲈鱼及鲤科鱼类的4种指环虫的核糖体28SrRNA基因5'端部分序列和内转录间隔区1(ITS1)进行了研究,并采用PAUP软件中的最大简约法(most parsimo-ny,MP)和邻接法(neighborjoining,NJ)构建了28S rDNA分子系统树.结果显示,逆转指环虫明显地嵌合于其它3种指环虫之间,不宜将其从指环虫属中移出另立似小突虫属,从而进一步明确了逆转指环虫的分类地位.     

记新疆准噶尔盆地中侏罗世—新甲龙

一小的甲龙,作为甲龙科(Ankylosauridae)中一新属新种,明星天池龙(Tianchisaurus nedegoapeferima gen. et sp. nov.)被记述。化石是1974年,新疆大学地质地理系的师生在新疆阜康县三工河地区作野外实习时采得,其产地的地层层位经新疆石油管理局东疆石油指挥部彭希龄核对为中侏罗世头顿河组。化石包括破的头骨碎片,五个颈椎,六个背椎,一个完整荐部(由七个椎体组成),三个尾椎,和许多膜质的甲胄,甲板,以及一些四肢骨。标本编号:V.10614,新属新种的特征是:一个小的,原始的,体长约三米的甲龙;头骨较高,有小的膜质的甲片复盖;下颚高,外侧无甲片复盖,有纵的饰纹,环椎与枢椎不愈合;颈椎椎体短,双凹型;背椎椎体较长,双平型,横突与背肋不愈合;荐部由七个愈合脊椎组成:前两个是背椎,形成一个荐前棒(presacral rod),最后的一个是尾椎,四个荐椎的椎体是整个椎柱中最大的,荐椎的神经棘愈合,形成一个纵的板状脊,远端的尾椎愈合形成小的,扁的尾锤。股骨直,骨干上有饰纹,第四转子呈嵴状。蹠骨和趾骨为甲龙型,与晚期甲龙的蹠骨和趾骨比较显得瘦小。在肩部有一个由四对大的膜质的甲板愈合形成肩甲带,甲板厚有发育的中嵴。在身体覆盖着许多大小不同,形状各异的甲片。Tianchisaurus nedegoapeferima的种名是应著名科幻电影导演Steven Splelberg之约请赠送给大型科幻电影片-侏罗纪公园之明星们:Sam Naill, Laura Dern, Jeff Goldblum, Richard Attenborough, Bob Peck和Martin Ferrsro.我们称之明星天池龙(Tianchisaurus nedegoapeferima gen. et sp. nov.)。Tianchisaurus nedegoapeferima是目前甲龙亚目在亚洲的最早纪录。它的发现将甲龙的化石记录推到中侏罗世。     

VARIATION IN GROWTH-RATE AND FORM OF A BATHONIAN (MIDDLE JURASSIC) OYSTER IN ENGLAND, AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS

Abstract:  We review controls on extensional growth rate and shell thickness in the extant oyster Crassostrea . Data on these shell parameters for the ecologically similar Bathonian oyster Praeexogyra hebridica , sampled at carefully selected sites, are then used to test a hypothesis that small size in contemporaneous marine bivalves of north-west Europe was the product of reduced salinity. The hypothesis is refuted, at least to the extent that some additional factor must be involved. The relatively low extensional growth rate and shell thickness at the highest-salinity site, together with the elongate ('etiolated') shape there and the low extensional growth rate at all sites in comparison with Crassostrea , suggests that this factor is reduced primary productivity. Other faunal, sedimentological and diagenetic evidence is consistent with low productivity. We point to other possible instances of reduced productivity during the Middle Jurassic and discuss the possible role of this factor in encouraging the widespread colonization of brackish-water environments by bivalves in the Bathonian Stage.     

A Middle Jurassic dinosaur trackway site from Oxfordshire, UK

The Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Ardley trackway site in Oxfordshire, UK is described in detail. The track site is extensive, containing over 40 more-or-less continuous theropod and sauropod trackways preserved together on a single bedding plane with some trackways up to 180 m in length. The trackways display reasonable preservation, with claw marks discernible. Sauropod trackways are by far the most abundant and are representative of taxa that exhibit both narrow and wide-gauge styles of locomotion. Theropod trackways are represented by large tridactyl prints and claw impressions that display exceptionally low pace angulation values during their walking phase. One theropod trackway is unique in that it reveals a gait transition associated with a temporary increase of speed. These dinosaurs were walking over a lime-mud firmground to hardground that was emergent, or locally very shallowly submerged. GPS (Global Positioning Satellite) data reveal that the tracks, preserved during a short time interval, trend in a north-easterly direction. Multi-herding behaviour is suggested for the sauropods of differing size. The discovery of this site adds significantly to our knowledge of the taxonomic composition of Middle Jurassic ecosystems. Evidence concerning locomotor styles employed by saurischian dinosaurs, footprint identification, potential trackmaker, social interactions and observations concerning estimates of Middle Jurassic faunal diversity, as well as aspects of dinosaur locomotor evolution are discussed.     

新疆塔里木盆地中侏罗世塔尔尕组孢粉植物群及地层和古地理意义

新疆塔里木盆地侏罗系分布广泛,在库车凹陷和塔西南区发育最好。目前对库车凹陷的三叠纪和侏罗纪孢粉植物群研究较为深入,而对塔西南区侏罗纪孢粉化石专题研究不多,尚未建立孢粉组合。作者基于塔西南区乌恰中侏罗统塔尔尕组发现的孢子花粉33属48种的研究,建立了塔尔尕组孢粉组合。该组合以掌鳞杉科花粉Classopollis的优势和真蕨目桫椤科孢子Cyathidites的繁盛为特征,并含有丰富多样且颇具侏罗纪色彩的孢子花粉化石类型。该组合与西欧和俄罗斯巴柔期至巴通期孢粉组合以及北美和澳大利亚巴柔期至卡洛夫期孢粉组合可以进行对比;与我国新疆库车恰克马克组、陕西延安直罗组和湖北兴山沙溪庙组等孢粉组合也可对比。根据孢粉学证据,塔尔尕组的时代应属于中侏罗世晚期(巴通期至卡洛夫期)。当前孢粉植物群支持我国侏罗纪南北植物地理区系之西端分界之划分方案,即塔西南乌恰处于界线以南,而库车处于分界以北。     

A NEW LACEWING FAMILY (NEUROPTERA)FROM THE MIDDLE JURASSIC OF INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA

Abstract  A new family, Grammolingiidae of fossil lacewings is erected, of which 3 new genera and 6 new species are described and illustrated: Grammolingia boi . gen. nov. et sp. nov., Lithlingia rhra gen. nov. et sp. nov., Litholingia eumopha gen. nov. et sp. nov. and Litholingiu polychotom gen. nov. et sp. nov., Leptolingia jurassica gen. nov. et sp. nov. and Leptolingia tianyiensis gen. noc. et sp. nov. A key to genera within this new family is provided. All specimens described were collected from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Eastern Inner Mongolia, China. The present discovery demonstrates that present knowledge of the Jurassic Neuropetra fauna remains very poor. The fossil specimens are deposited in Yizhou Fossil Museum and Department of Biology, Capital Normal University, respectively.     

西藏北部安多地区中侏罗统(巴通阶-卡洛夫阶)菊石

最近从藏北安多地区中侏罗统发现较丰富的菊石类化石,巴通期的菊石有OxyceritesoppeliElmi,Ho moeoplanulitescf. homoeomorphus(Buckman),H. cf. acuticosta(Roemer), Choffatiacf. vicentiMangold, Siemiradzkiacf. matisconensis(Lissajous), Proceritessp., Neuquenicerascf. yokoyamaiKobayashiandFukada和Indosphinctessp.。卡洛夫期的菊石有Oxyceritescf. subcotarius(Oppel), Macrocephalites? sp., Homoeoplanulitescf. furculus(Neumayr),Indospinctes(Elatmites) cf. reveliMangold和Reineckeitessp.。其中Indosphinctes,Indospinctes(Elatmites),Neu queniceras,Siemiradzkia和Procerites等属(或亚属)在西藏北部地区为首次报道。安多地区中—晚巴通期和早卡洛夫期菊石动物群凸现较强的地方性色彩; 晚巴通期ORBIS菊石带和早卡洛夫期KOENIGI菊石带是藏北地区菊石动物群扩散的重要时期。     

中国内蒙古中侏罗世脉翅目昆虫化石—新科(英文)

建立脉翅目昆虫化石新科———Grammolingiidaefamnov .,并描述该科化石 3新属 6新种 :Grammolingiaboigen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Litholingiarhoragen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Litholingiaeumorphagen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Litholing iapolychotomagen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Leptolingiajurassicagen .nov .ofsp .nov .,Leptolingiatianyiensisgen .nov .etsp .nov ..给出了新科的属级检索表 ,描述的所有模式标本均采自于内蒙古自治区宁城县中侏罗世九龙山组地层中。标本分别保存在义县博物馆和首都师范大学生物系。本次发现再次表明目前关于脉翅目昆虫的认识仍然十分贫乏。     

四川自贡中侏罗世峨眉龙—新种

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