湖南新化下石炭统遗迹化石及其沉积环境

鉴定了产自湖南新化地区早石炭世碳酸岩沉积中的遗迹化石6属(Zoophycus, Chondrites, Phycodes, Planolites, Palaeophycus, Skolithos)16种.并根据岩性实体与遗迹化石以及沉积构造等特征,划分为2个沉积亚相、21个微相、19个遗迹相.     

西南极乔治王岛早第三纪遗迹化石

南极乔治王岛始新统化石山组含多种类型遗迹化石,常与鸟类足迹相伴产出。记述的１新遗迹属及所属的５新遗迹种,从遗迹化石形态两侧对称,纵向延伸,缺乏疣足及其它附肢构造等特征看,推测造迹者为软体蠕虫类,很可能属于寡毛纲的动物。这些化石反映了浅水河湖的沉积环境。     

新疆北部泥盆系遗迹化石的拓扑遗迹学研究

以遗迹化石的形成、保存、变形的地质学特征和遗迹生物的内在生物学属性为基础，从欧氏几何学与拓扑学的结合上，记述了新疆北部泥盆纪火山沉积岩系中２９个遗迹属的分类、命名体系，共生组合关系，遗迹群落，拓扑特征及其古生态、古环境和层序地层意义。新建立了１３个拓扑遗迹属，１５种遗迹化石共生组合关系。根据遗迹化石的层深分布，识别出表层、浅层、深层和混层遗迹群落。     

长江三峡志留系遗迹化石及其沉积环境意义

一、遗迹化石群落及其沉积环境研究的遗迹化石,产自湖北长江三峡宜昌分乡罗惹坪至王家湾志留系剖面和秭归新滩镇志留系剖面,502所曾庆銮、冯少南、雷以振等同志协同作者一起采集化石,在此表示谢意。并感谢杨遵仪老师的热心指导。文内共描述19遗迹种,属于17遗迹属,其中包括6新遗迹属,15新遗迹种。发现的遗迹化石都是海生底栖无脊椎动物的各种生活遗迹(潜穴、觅食构造、停息迹、爬迹和移迹),它们形成于当时海底附近的沉积物中,未经过搬运,代表原地埋藏的遗迹群落。不同地点和层位产出的遗迹化石,均具有各自的     

四川广安谢家槽早三叠世遗迹化石及其古生态意义

文中详细描述四川广安谢家槽剖面早三叠世地层中17个遗迹化石属,它们是:Arenicolites,Bifungites,Chondrites,Didymaulichnus,Isopodichnus,?Monocraterion,Palaeophycus,Phycodes,Planolites,Psammichnites,Skolithos,Taenidium,Teichichnus,Thalassinoides,Treptichnus,Uchirites和星状遗迹化石,它们可归属于Cruziana遗迹相。在风暴沉积中,Skolithos出现在主要的风暴沉积层,而Planolites和Palaeophycus常常出现在风暴序列的消减沉积层中。机会的遗迹化石如Treptichnus富集在纹层状灰岩中,指示一种贫氧的沉积环境。文中还探讨了遗迹化石在地层中的时空分布特点与P/Tr生物大灭绝后早三叠世海洋生物复苏的关系。     

遗迹化石与油气勘探

遗迹化石是指保存在地层中各种生物活动的痕迹,如动物的潜穴、钻孔、爬痕、足迹等,它不同于生物硬体全部或部分被保留下来的实体化石。     

中国遗迹化石研究80年

中国遗迹化石研究经历了零星(1929-1978)、系统(1978-2004)和创新(2004～)研究3阶段.在前寒武纪一寒武纪之交遗迹化石研究;海相遗迹化石及其古环境和古生态意义研究;陆相遗迹化石及其与能源形成环境关系研究;前寒武纪遗迹化石与后生动物的起源与演化研究;拓扑遗迹分析;遗迹化石在浊流、风暴事件和层序地层研究中的应用;复杂遗迹化石的地球生物学研究和遗迹化石模拟与可视化研究8个方面取得了显著的进展和成就.研究队伍偏少且不稳定;原创、系统、有深度、有影响的研究成果不多;缺少有力度的学科交叉和国际合作是存在的主要问题.加强遗迹学人才和团队培育,稳定支持几个有特色的遗迹学研究方向;基于遗迹学资料的系统积累,拓展和深化遗迹化石的地球生物学研究;加强遗迹化石在海、陆相油气资源评价和储层研究中的应用;创新遗迹化石的研究方法手段,重视和加强现代生物遗迹研究是值得今后进一步关注的问题.     

贵州台江早、中寒武世凯里组的遗迹化石新发现*

最近在凯里组中发现了新的遗迹化石 9属 ,其中大多数分子属Cruziana遗迹相 ,重要的遗迹属有 :Tasmanadia ,Bostricophyton ,Monomorphichnus,Oldhamia ,Phycodes ,Chon-drites,Treptichnus等。在产凯里化石群的层位中发现有大量的韵律层 ,韵律层中的遗迹化石具有分层性 ,反映不同的水动力环境。遗迹组合与Seilacher(1975)描述的早寒武世遗迹化石组合相似 ,推测凯里化石的埋藏环境为陆棚环境。     

山东莱阳盆地早白垩世莱阳群的遗迹化石

山东莱阳早白垩阳群自下而上分为瓦屋夼组,林寺山组,止风庄组,水南组,龙旺庄组和曲格庄组。为一套河湖相沉积,产有较丰富,分异度较高的非海相遗迹化石和兽脚类恐龙足迹化石,共鉴定出遗迹属11个,未定属1个,其中遗迹种9个,未定种2个,遗迹化石是：Cochlichnus anguines,Diplocraterion parallelun,Helminthoidichnites tenuis,Palaeophycus tubularis,Planolites montanus ,Scolica sp.,Scoyenia gracilis,Skolithos linearis,Taenidium cameromensis,Thalassinoides sp.,恐龙足迹化石是：Paragrallator yangi,这些化石按习性可分为4类,即：居住构造, 爬行迹,觅食[迹和牧食迹,其中又以前3种为主,遗迹化石在剖面上的分布不均匀,以上部的水南组,龙旺庄,曲格庄3个组最丰富。     

下扬子地区三叠纪黄马青组遗迹化石与古环境

报道了长江下游地区中三叠统黄马青组中所产的遗迹化石是一个主要由节肢动物等造成的以水平进食潜穴和垂直的居住构造以及沿层面爬行的足迹组成的,分异度相对较低但丰度相对较高的遗迹化石组合。通过遗迹化石共生组合的分析,结合伴生遗体化石动物群的生态习性以及围岩物理成因沉积构造特征,阐明了黄马青组的遗迹相并对其古环境问题进行了讨论,同时还简要地描述了其中１１个主要的遗迹化石属种。     

Biotic interactions revealed by macroborings in arctic bivalve molluscs

The presence of organisms whose bodies have low preservation potential may be deduced by searching for the traces produced by them. The addition of predatory gastropods and soft-bodied epizoans to Quaternary marine faunas dominated by bivalves was facilitated by an examination of borings in bivalve shells. Borings attributed to predatory gastropods (ichnogenus Oichnus ) were observed in shells of Astarte spp., Hiatella arctica and Macoma calcarea. Astarte, Hiatella and Macoma were preyed upon in preference to other members of a diverse suspension-feeding bivalve community. Borings attributed to epizoans (ichnogenus Cautostrepsis ) were observed in bivalve shells (Astarte spp. Hiatella arctica ), calcareous algae and limestone clasts. Biotic interactions revealed by trace fossils are employed, for the first time, to reconstruct the trophic structure of arctic Quaternary marine benthic faunas. ▭ Arctic molluscs, palaeoecology, Oichnus, Caulostrepsis.     

Bivalve borings in Lower Jurassic Lithiotis fauna from northeastern Italy and its palaeoecological interpretation

Random shell sections of the Pliensbachian (Early Jurassic) larger bivalve Opisoma from columns within the Main Post Office building of Ferrara, northern Italy, have been discovered to bear neat clavate-shape boreholes. These boreholes belong to the ichnogenus Gastrochaenolites Leymerie and represent bivalve borings. Opisoma is a subordinate component of the Lithiotis fauna characterised by aberrant shells thriving in tropical lagoonal settings which were widespread throughout the Tethyan and Panthalassa coasts. Although the Lithiotis fauna is well known in the palaeontological literature, no bivalve boring have been so far been formally described. The uniqueness of the morphology, size and substrate of these borings merits the designation of the new species Gastrochaenolites messisbugi ichnosp. nov. which thereby represents the first ichnospecies described from this fauna. The morphology of the boreholes and the included bivalves allows the boring activity to be ascribed to a mytilid bivalve. Palaeoecological and taphonomic analyses allowed the presence of the boreholes to be correlated to the Opisoma mode of life (epifaunal, free-living form) as well as to generally low sedimentation rates and seasonal mesotrophic conditions during an overall oligotrophic regime.

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CCF77B32-D459-4305-BC86-93F228852E50     

Bored Bivalves in Upper Triassic (Norian) Event Beds,Northeastern British Columbia,Canada

Skeletobionts are important components of most shallow marine ecosystems. Prior to the fossils reported herein, evidence of skeletobionts was absent from Upper Triassic successions on the northwestern margin of Pangaea. The boring Talpina ramosa is reported from bivalve body fossils from the Upper Triassic (Lower Norian) lower Pardonet Formation at Pink Mountain in northeastern British Columbia. This Ichnotaxon penetrates through both the outer and inner surface of articulated and disarticulated bivalve shells preserved within sharp-based event beds. The occurrence of these trace fossils underscores the paucity of borings, bioerosional structures, and encrusting taxa from Triassic successions in the western Pangaean realm. Due to erosional removal of shallow water strata by a post-Triassic unconformity, these event beds provide the only available information regarding the ecological health of Late Triassic depositional systems in the study area.     

Recent borings in limestone cobbles from Marloes Bay, southwest Wales

Limestone clasts from the beach at Marloes Sands, southwest Wales, contain slender, straight to sinuous borings cross-cut by younger, clavate borings. The former were probably produced by sipunculids or polychaetes; the latter preserve shells of the boring bivalve Gastrochaena dubia (Pennant). Unusually, the calcareous linings of the clavate bivalve borings extend into many of the slender worm borings. Such linings are considered part of the hard parts of the producing bivalve, but the chance association of the two morphologies of borings has led to the lining becoming intimately associated with both of them. The modified linings of the bivalve borings have a similar morphology to the crypt of certain clavagellid bivalves, perhaps presenting an analogue for the morphology of a pre-clavagellid, boring ancestor.     

BIOEROSIVE STRUCTURES OF SCLEROZOAN FORAMINIFERA FROM THE LOWER PLIOCENE OF SOUTHERN SPAIN: A CONTRIBUTION TO THE PALAEOECOLOGY OF MARINE HARD SUBSTRATE COMMUNITIES

Abstract:  A palaeoecological study of sclerozoan foraminifera of the families Saccamminidae (aff. Sagenina ), Lituolidae ( Placopsilina ), Cibicididae ( Cibicides , Dyocibicides , Cibicidella ) and Planorbulinidae ( Planorbulina and Planorbulinella ) that colonized epifaunal bivalves (ostreids and pectinids) during the early Pliocene in southern Spain has led to the recognition of two new boring ichnogenera: Camarichnus ichnogen. nov., with two ichnospecies, C .  subrectangularis ichnosp. nov. and C .  arcuatus ichnosp. nov., and Canalichnus ichnogen. nov., with one ichnospecies, C .  tenuis ichnosp. nov. The first two ichnospecies were produced by adnate lituolids and cibicidids, the last by saccamminids. Their recognition is very important when quantifying populations of these organisms. Colonisation took place after death of the host bivalves, when they acted as very stable substrates whose topography probably controlled the initial settlement pattern of the foraminifera. The colonisation sequence started with the foraminifera (lituolids-saccamminids-cibicidids-planorbulinids) and was followed by vermetid gastropods, serpulids, spirorbids, cheilostome bryozoans and/or ostreids. Preferred orientations and overgrowth relationships between cheilostome bryozoans and serpulids have been detected in this material.     

南极利文期顿岛晚三叠世复理石相遗迹化石

南极利文斯顿岛赫德半岛中的迈尔斯陡崖组主要是浅变质的石英长石杂砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩和粉砂岩与泥岩互层等组成的复理石,厚度可能超过３０００m,形成于浊积扇的上扇和下扇部分,时代可能为晚三叠世。在复理石相岩石中发育一套深水的遗迹化石,共有１５个遗迹属、１６人遗变种,其中有１０个可以鉴定到遗迹种,两个比较种,４个只鉴定到遗迹属,未鉴定到遗迹种,１建立１个新遗迹属及新遗迹种,除新遗迹属种外,其余１４个遗迹属,１５个遗迹种都曾经在深海复理石相浊积岩内发现过,其中Ｂelorhaphe,Glockerichnus,Lophoctenium,Rhabdo-glyphus,Paleodictyon,Suborenzinia,Spirophycus,Strobilorhaphe,Tuberculicnus,Cochlichnus等,属于浊流前产生在复理石相泥岩内的高度分异的雕画迹（Ｇraphoglyptida),它们产于泥岩却保存为上覆砂岩底面的铸型凸起。别外,Ｆucusopsis和Neonereites却产生在砂岩内代表浊流后形成的沉积后遗迹组合,文内还描述３种浊流常见的无机构造,并上上述遗迹化石进行比较。     

Site selection and behavior of sponge and bivalve borers in shells of the cretaceous oysters exogyra cancellata and pycnodonte mutabilis from delaware,U.S.A

In shells of the oysters Exogyra cancellata and Pycnodonte mutabilis from the Mount Laurel and Marshalltown Formations (Campanian‐Maestrichtian), three‐quarters of all valves bear sponge borings (Entobia isp.) borings and 30% have borings of a lithophagid bivalve (Gastrochaenolites isp.). Non‐random distributions of these euendoliths, documented in this paper, may in part be accounted for by differential survival of sponge and lithophagid larvae and spat in varying circumstances. In addition, exterior shell architectures and post‐mortem orientations of shells are inferred to have prompted active geophobic (antigravity), rugophilic (groove‐seeking), and rheophilic (current‐seeking) behavior that enhanced survivorship of the settling larvae.     

New trace fossils of termites (Insecta: Isoptera) from the late Eocene‐early Miocene of Egypt,and the reconstruction of ancient isopteran social behavior

Three new ichnogenera and five new ichnospecies are described for new trace fossils of termitaria (including associated gallery systems) of subterranean termites from upper Eocene through lower Miocene rocks of northern Egypt. All but two ichnospecies (Krausichnus trompitus, ichnogen, and ichnosp. nov., and A’, altus, ichnosp. nov.) show varying degrees of affinity to nests of the extant subterranean termite species Sphaerotermes sphaerothorax (Termitidae, Macro‐termitinae).

Termitichnus qatranii (Bown, 1982) is divided into two ichnospecies, the previously named T. qatranii, and a more generalized form, T. simplicidens, ichnosp. nov. Vondrichnus obovatus, ichnogen. and ichnosp. nov., is named for simple, possibly macrotermitine nests with oblate form, and Fleaglellius pagodus, ichnogen. and ichnosp. nov., records a nest form similar to V. obovatus, but one in which successive vertical growth by chamber apposition has produced a subterranean, tower‐like structure, reminiscent of that built by extant, epigeous Cubitermes. Krausichnus trompitus, ichnogen. and ichnosp. nov., and A’, altus, ichnosp. nov., record two unique nest architectures probably produced by unknown but related species of humivorous termites. The nest architecture expressed by Krausichnus is of wholly unknown affinity and is only distantly related in form to the ichnofossils of other termite nests known from the Tertiary of Egypt.

Study of the architecture of the nests of these ancient termites reveals details important in reconstructing the phylogeny of termite nests and documents two novel blueprints for chamber expansion and society budding in what were probably primitive Macrotermi‐tinae. It also indicates that at least two constructed edifices, earlier known only as epigeous manifestations of extant termite species, were almost certainly first developed by species living underground.

The extant Macrotermitinae are a subfamily of termites originally believed to have evolved in the post‐Eocene of the Ethiopian biogeo‐graphic region. We offer fossil evidence of four distinct, possibly macrotermitine structures from upper Eocene rocks. This evidence suggests that this termite subfamily (or at least their peculiar mode of nest construction) might have evolved considerably earlier, as it is already well established and exhibits several variants by the late Eocene in Egypt.     

Entobia exogyrarum (Frič, 1883) from the Upper Cretaceous of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin

The validity of the little-known ichnospecies Entobia exogyrarum (Fri?) is verified. Shells of an oyster, Rhynchostreon suborbiculatum (Lam.), represent the substrate for the sponge borings. The borings occur in many Upper Cenomanian to Middle Turonian localities of the Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. This study revealed that the sponges attacked shells of living oysters. Entobia exogyrarum (Fri?) also represents one of the shallowest occurrences of Entobia borings in the Upper Cretaceous rocks.     

再论假裸枝叠层石科*

内蒙古桌子山地区中奥陶统公乌素组遗迹化石十分丰富.本文共鉴定、描述14个遗迹属、17个遗迹种,其中1新遗迹属——Biscopulatichnus、4新遗种和6未定种.并根据不同遗迹属在不同层位中的相对丰度,建立了4个遗迹组合,自下而上的顺序是:1. Taenidium-Phycodes 组合;2. Volkichnium 组合;3. Helminthopsis 组合;4. Granularia-Circulichnus 组合,大致相当于 Seilacher (1967) 的 Zoophycos 遗迹相,反映出公乌素组沉积期,水体较深且宁静、缺氧、有机质含量高,推测应为大陆斜坡环境.