中国南方几种熊蛛（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

记述了采自我国南方的6种熊蛛,其中有3种新种,定名为:湄潭熊蛛Arctosa meilatnensis sp.nov..指囊熊蛛A.millensa sp.nov.和泉熊蛛A.springiosa sp.nov.;另有3种为新记录:印熊蛛A.indicus Tikader et Malhotra.1980.库定熊蛛A.khudiensis Tikader et Malhotra,1980和韩熊蛛A.kwangreungensis Paik et Tanaka.1986.前1种新记录的雄性为单性新发现。     

中国豹蛛属一新种(蜘蛛目:狼蛛科)

记述采自我国海南岛的豹蛛属Pardosa 1新种,针豹蛛P.aciculifera sp.nov.,新种以其独特的外雌器和触肢器而易与本属其它已知种区别。由于其外雌器和触肢器十分独特,目前暂不能将新种归入本属已划定的种组,模式标本存于中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

中国娲蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

记述了云南大理娲蛛属１新种,大理娲蛛Ｗａｄｉｃｏｓａｄａｌｉｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ。     

我国狼蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

报道采自湖北丹江的狼蛛1新种,即丹江狼蛛Lycosa danjiangensis sp.nov.。     

中国数种熊蛛研究(蜘蛛目:狼蛛科)

记述我国狼蛛科熊蛛属５种,其中２新种为：沟谷熊蛛,三齿熊蛛,１种雄性新发现：湄潭熊蛛１９９３,中国２新纪录种;掠熊蛛富士熊蛛。     

我国狼蛛属1新种（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

报道我国狼蛛属1新种:二监狼蛛Lycosa erjianensis sp.nov.。     

我国狼蛛属3新种（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

记述我国南方狼蛛属3新种,定名为:王氏狼蛛Lycosa wangi sp.nov.,宜章狼蛛Lycosa yizhangensis sp.nov.和云南狼蛛Lycosa yunnanensis sp.nov.。     

我国狼蛛科5种记述

记述我国蜘蛛目狼蛛科5种,包括1种豹蛛(罩豹蛛Pardosa vulvitecta)雄性新发现,1种豹蛛(意大利豹蛛Pardosa italica)中国新纪录,以及我国已记载的2种豹蛛和1种舞蛛的修订。     

喀喇昆仑和可可西里豹蛛记述（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

记述采自新疆喀喇昆仑和青海可可西里的狼蛛科豹蛛属１１种,其中７种为新种。     

中国獾蛛属的再研究（蜘蛛目：狼蛛科）

通过对７种中国獾蛛的再研究,笔者将奇异獾蛛Ｔｒｏｃｈｏｓａｒｕｒｉｃｏｌａ（ＤｅＧｅｅｒ,１７７８）与类奇异獾蛛Ｔ．ｒｕｒｉｃｏｌｏｉｄｅｓＳｃｈｅｎｋｅｌ１９６３和武昌獾蛛Ｔ．ｗｕｃｈａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ（Ｓｃｈｅｋｅｌ,１９６３）进行了外生殖器结构的比较,明确了后两种并奇异獾蛛的同物异名,并分别作了该两种的单性补充描述,本文还记述了１个中国新记录种,水獾蛛Ｔ．ａｑｕａｔｉｃａＴａｎａｋａ,１９８５     

Phylogeny of coral-inhabiting barnacles (Cirripedia; Thoracica; Pyrgomatidae) based on 12S, 16S and 18S rDNA analysis

The traditional phylogeny of the coral-inhabiting barnacles, the Pyrgomatidae, is based on morphological characteristics, mainly of the hard parts. It has been difficult to establish the phylogenetic relationships among Pyrgomatidae because of the apparent convergence of morphological characteristics, and due to the use of non-cladistic systematics, which emphasize ancestor-descendant relationships rather than sister-clade relationships. We used partial sequences of two mithochondrial genes, 12S rDNA and 16S rDNA, and a nuclear gene, 18S rDNA, to infer the molecular phylogeny of the pyrgomatids. Our phylogenetic results allowed us to reject previous classifications of Pyrgomatidae based on morphological characteristics. Our results also suggested the possibility of paraphyly of the Pyrgomatidae. The hydrocoral barnacle Wanella is not found on the same clade as the other pyrgomatids, but rather, with the free-living balanids. The basal position of Megatrema and Ceratoconcha is supported. The archeaobalanid Armatobalanus is grouped with Cantellius at the base of the Indo-Pacific pyrgomatines. Fusion of the shell plate and modification of the opercular valves are homoplasious features that occurred more than three times on different clades. The monophyly of the "Savignium" group, comprising four nominal genera, is also not supported, and the different taxa are placed on different clades.     

基于线粒体16S rRNA基因对中国狼蛛科(Lycosidae)系统发育研究

将自测的中国狼蛛科Lycosidae4亚科6属26种和从GenBank中检索到的北美2种豹蛛的mtD-NA-16S rRNA序列进行比较;以漏斗蛛科1种蜘蛛作为外群,对碱基序列的组成和遗传距离进行了分析,采用Bayesian方法和最大简约法(MP)构建分子系统树。研究结果表明:16SrRNA基因的部分序列为340bp到360bp,A T含量平均为75%,存在较强的A T含量偏向性;序列共有157个碱基存在变异,其中79个简约信息位点。狼蛛科各属间的遗传距离介于0.026￣0.200之间。2种建树方法均表明:科内的属及属内的种优先聚在一起;水狼蛛属相对马蛛属是狼蛛科中较为原始的类群,分化较早;獾蛛属作为1个单系群与熊蛛属合为1个并系,属于狼蛛亚科。狼蛛科6属间的分子系统关系为(Pirata(Hippasa(Trochsa Arctosa(Pardosa Wadicosa))))。     

基于16S rDNA和28S rDNA D2基因序列与形态特征联合分析的中国角顶叶蝉亚科系统发育研究（半翅目： 叶蝉科）

首次在国内利用28S rDNA D2区段和16S rDNA基因序列,结合50个形态特征对角顶叶蝉亚科(Deltocephalinae)［半翅目（Hemiptera）: 叶蝉科（Cicadellidae）］19个属进行系统发育分析研究。从无水乙醇浸泡保存的标本中提取基因组DNA并扩增了19个内群和1种外群Typhlocybinae［半翅目(Hemiptera): 叶蝉科(Cicadellidae)］种类的28S rDNA D2基因片段并测序,同时扩增了16S rDNA基因片段并测序11条,采用了GenBank中1个种类的16S rDNA同源序列。采用PAUP*4.0和MrBayes3.0两个分析软件和3种建树方法,利用同源28S D2 rDNA和16S rDNA两个基因序列与形态特征结合进行系统发育分析研究。分析结果表明,二叉叶蝉族Macrostelini是一个单系,并在角顶叶蝉亚科的系统发育中处于基部的位置,是内群中最原始的族;角顶叶蝉族Deltocephalini中除了纹翅叶蝉属Nakaharanus,其余各属构成单系;殃叶蝉族Euscelini内属的归属比较混乱,可能是一个并系群,属间差异有待进一步研究。隆额叶蝉族Paralimnini与顶带叶蝉族Athysanini是姐妹群。带叶蝉属Scaphoideus与纹翅叶蝉属Nakaharanus是姐妹群,二者与木叶蝉属Phlogotettix的关系最近,三者构成一个单系,建议将三者归为带叶蝉族Scaphoideini。研究结果还表明,小眼叶蝉族Xestocephalini和Balcluthini的系统发育位置不明,有待进一步研究。     

基于线粒体16S rDNA基因的天牛科部分种类分子系统学研究(鞘翅目:天牛科)

研究测定了天牛科3亚科9种昆虫线粒体16S rDNA基因约500bp的序列,对序列的碱基组成和遗传距离进行分析。并基于16S rDNA基因序列数据,采用邻接法(NJ)和最大简约法(MP)分析天牛科3亚科分子系统发育关系。研究结果表明,2种方法得到的分子系统树其分支结果一致,可将内群分为2个分支,第1个分支包括沟胫天牛亚科和天牛亚科;第2个分支包括花天牛亚科。16SrDNA基因对天牛科亚科间系统发育的研究是有价值的。     

蝗科高级阶元的分子系统发育(英文）

迄今,蝗科内各分类阶元之间的系统发生关系大部分是未知的。本文用来自中国24种蝗科昆虫的12SrDNA和16SrDNA2个基因的联合序列(共795bp)数据,以锥头蝗科的锥头蝗(Pyrgomorpha conica)为外群,重建了分子系统树。研究结果表明,在12SrDNA与16SrDNA组成的联合数据中,转换的替代速率明显比颠换的替代速率高得多,核酸的替代已经发生了饱和。分子系统树表明:斑翅蝗亚科是一单系群,该亚科是一个合法的亚科,但斑腿蝗亚科和蝗亚科都不是单系群;斑翅蝗亚科在蝗科内是一个相对原始的类群,而稻蝗亚科比斑翅蝗亚科相对进化,比蝗科的其他亚科的种类相对原始。     

蝗总科部分种类16S rDNA的分子系统发育关系

将自测的我国直翅目蝗总科8科8个种和从互联网GenBank中检索到相关物种的线粒体基因组：16S rDNA序列片段进行同源性比较,计算核苷酸使用频率,并构建分子系统树。在获得的480bp的序列中。A T约占70．7％,G C为29．3％,颠换取代(transversion)的速率大于或接近转换取代(transition)的速率,其中188个核苷酸位点存在变异。研究结果表明：在直翅目蝗总科有差异的188bp中,属内种间的碱基序列差异仅为1．5％,科内属间为3．5％～3．6％,科间差异为4．8％～15．8％,亚目间差异达到15．2％～25．6％。分子系统树表明：科内的属和属内的种均优先聚在一起;蝗总科8科的起源关系为：锥头蝗科→瘤锥蝗科→癞蝗科→斑翅蝗科→剑角蝗科→网翅蝗科和槌角蝗科→斑腿蝗科;锥头蝗科与瘤锥蝗科关系较近,是蝗总科内最原始的类群;槌角蝗科和网翅蝗科互为姐妹群,与最进化的斑腿蝗科关系较近;蚤蝼科为独立的一支,最先分出,似为一个亚目,与现用的分类系统有明显差别;哈螽科(螽嘶总科)和蟋蟀科聚在一起为剑瓣亚目(Ensifera),蚱科和蝗总科的8科组成短瓣亚目(Caehfera),同现用的分类系统。     

Molecular Phylogeny of the Family Ophryscolecidae (Ciliophora,Litostomatea) Inferred from 18S rDNA Sequences

The 18S rDNA was used to infer oral ciliature patterns of evolution within the family Ophryoscolecidae, with the addition of five new sequences of ciliates from the genus Ostracodinium. Our data confirmed the monophyly of the subfamilies Entodiniinae and Ophryoscolecinae, but more analysis would be required for the definition of the status of the subfamily Diplodiniinae. The oral infraciliature patterns reflect evolutionary divergence in the family Ophryscolecidae, observing monophyly on Entodinium‐type, Diplodinium‐type, Ostracodinium‐type, Epidinium‐type, and Ophryoscolex‐type. The ancestral infraciliature of Entodinium‐type cannot be proven, however, the position of Entodinium‐type showed closer of Diplodinium‐type than Ophryoscolex‐type, corroborating previous studies using morphological characters. The observed inconsistencies reflect the need to increase the number of 18S rDNA sequences to family Ophryoscolecidae and investigate the evolution of this group using other molecular markers.     

商洛多花胡枝子根瘤菌16S rDNA-RFLP分析及系统发育研究

利用16S rDNA-RFLP和全序列测定方法,对分离自商洛地区5个分布点的59株多花胡枝子根瘤菌进行了RFLP分析和系统发育研究.结果表明:(1)42株供试菌株归属根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)、11株归属中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium).其余6株非根瘤菌中3株是嗜麦芽黄单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)、3株是解淀粉类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus amylolyticus),说明胡枝子根瘤内生菌较为丰富且类型多样.(2)结合供试菌株的地理生境分析,发现来自不同采集点的菌株有些具有同样的遗传类型,而来自同一采集点的菌株遗传类型却有差异,证明胡枝子根瘤菌在分群类别上与地理环境之间没有明确的对应关系,地理环境并非根瘤菌多样性形成的主要因素.建议今后对根瘤菌多样性研究应从根瘤菌与寄主植物物之间的共生选择进化,特别是对共生体系中基因的横向转移方面进行深入探讨.     

Contributions to the Phylogeny of the Cyclophyllidea (Cestoda) Inferred from Mitochondrial 12S rDNA

A 314-bp fragment of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene from 21 cestodes species of eight families was synthesized by PCR with specially designed primers. These allowed amplification of parasite DNA without concomitant synthesis of host DNA. Phylogenetic trees were inferred from the sequence data using three methods (maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Fitch–Margoliash). At the major nodes all three trees were similar. For the first time the genus Mesocestoides could be arranged into the Cyclophyllidea and a narrow relationship between the Mesocestoididae, Taeniidae, Hymenolepididae, Anoplocephalidae, and Dipylidiidae was shown. Members of the families Catenotaeniidae and a cluster of two families (Hymenolepididae and Dilepididae) form two monophyletic groups which derive prior to the remaining families of this phylogenetic study. A third and a fourth clear monophyletic group were formed by the Taeniidae and by the Mesocestoididae. A high degree of variation within the examined 304-bp fragment was observed between two isolates of Taenia taeniaeformis, supporting often discussed genetic heterogeneity within this species. In contrast, only one nucleotide exchange was found in 23 isolates of Echinococcus multilocularis of various geographic origin, indicating that this species is genetically homogenous. Received: 1 October 1997 / Accepted: 4 December 1997     

基于5.8SrDNA序列论三白草科的系统发育

三白草科（Saururaceae)是古草本的一个核心类群,它的研究对被子植物起源和早期演化具有重要意义,本文采用最大简约法（maximum parsimony method)和邻接法（neighbor-joining method)等不同的分析方法,对三白草科及其外类群齐头绒（Zippelia begoniaefolia Blume)的5.85rDNA序列进行分析,得到一致的结论：Anemopsis最早从三白草科中分离出来,Saururus chinensis和S.cernuus是一对姐群,由于5.85rDNA序列的变异位点和信息位点相对比较少,Gymnotheca chinensis-G.involucrata-Houttuynia-Saururus之间难以通过5.8SrDNA序列的比较进行分辨。