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1.
Low vitamin D levels are associated with cognitive impairment in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis
Jun Xu Xiang-yun Zhu Hui Sun Xiao-qin Xu Song-ao Xu Yuan Suo Li-jun Cao Qiang Zhou Hui-jie Yu Wei-zhong Cao 《BMC endocrine disorders》2018,18(1):87
Background
Cognitive impairment is commonly observed in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT). Low levels of vitamin D have been correlated with cognitive impairment in non-HT population. We examined the association of vitamin D levels with cognitive impairment in patients with HT.Methods
We recruited 194 patients with HT and 200 healthy volunteers. Levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured using a competitive protein-binding assay. Cognitive funtion was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment score (MoCA). Subjects with a MoCA scores <?26 are considered as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression models.Results
Fifty-five HT patients (28.4%) were diagnosed as having MCI. Patients with MCI had significantly lower 25(OH)D levels when compared with patients without MCI (33.9?±?6.2 vs. 44.3?±?9.6?nmol/L, P?<?0.001). Significant differences in 25(OH)D quartiles of HT patients were observed between the patients with MCI and the patients without MCI (P?<?0.001). In multivariate analyses, serum 25(OH)D levels (≤ 34.0 and?≥?47.1?nmol/L) were significantly associated with cognitive impairment in patients with HT (OR 6.279, 95% CI 2.673–14.834, P?<?0.001; OR 0.061, 95% CI 0.008–0.491, P?=?0.009, respectively).Conclusion
Our results demonstrate an important association between serum vitamin D levels and cognitive impairment in patients with HT.2.
Background
This meta-analytic study explored the relationship between the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and bisphenol A concentrations.Methods
The Embase and Medline (PubMed) databases were searched, using relevant keywords, for studies published between 1980 and 2018. A total of 16 studies, twelve cross-sectional, two case-control and one prospective, were included in the meta-analysis. The odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined across the sixteen studies. The OR and its 95% CI of diabetes associated with bisphenol A were estimated using both fixed-effects and random-effects models.Results
A total of 41,320 subjects were included. Fourteen of the sixteen studies included in the analysis provided measurements of urine bisphenol A levels and two study provided serum bisphenol A levels. Bisphenol A concentrations in human bio-specimens showed positive associations with T2DM risk (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.14, 1.44). A sensitivity analysis indicated that urine bisphenol A concentrations were positively associated with T2DM risk (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.09, 1.31).Conclusions
This meta-analysis indicated that Bisphenol A exposure is positively associated with T2DM risk in humans.3.
Background
The purpose of this study was to examine associations between cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive ability in middle aged and elderly Lithuanian urban population.Methods
Data from the survey performed in the framework of the HAPIEE (Health, Alcohol, Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe) study were presented. A random sample of 7,087 individuals aged 45–72 years was screened in 2006–2008.Results
The scores of immediate recall and delayed verbal recall, cognitive speed and attention were significantly lower in men than in women; yet numerical ability scores were higher in men. Significant associations between lowered cognitive functions and previous stroke (in male OR?=?2.52; 95% CI?=?1.75-3.64; in female OR?=?2.45; 95% CI?=?1.75, 3.64) as well as ischemic heart disease history (among male OR?=?1.28; 95% CI?=?1.03-1.60) have been determined. Higher level of physical activity in leisure time (among female OR?=?1.32; 95% CI?=?1.03-1.69), poor self-rated health (among male OR?=?1.57; 95% CI?=?1.15-2.14) and poor quality of life (in male OR?=?1.67; 95% CI?=?1.07-2.61; in female OR?=?2.81; 95% CI?=?1.92-4.11) were related to lowered cognitive function.Conclusions
The findings of the study suggest that associations between cardiovascular risk factors and lowered cognitive function among healthy middle-aged and elderly adults strongly depend on gender.4.
Zhengling Liu Zengyan Wang Changhong Hao Yonghui Tian Jingjing Fu 《Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E》2018,16(1):120
Background
Whether adiponectin (ADIPOQ) polymorphisms are associated with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remain controversial. Therefore, we performed this study to better explore correlations between ADIPOQ polymorphisms and PCOS risk.Methods
Literature retrieve was conducted in PubMed, Medline and Embase. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.Results
Eighteen studies were enrolled for analyses. Pooled overall analyses showed that rs1501299 polymorphism was significantly associated with PCOS risk (recessive model: p?=?0.02, OR?=?0.77, 95%CI 0.62–0.95; allele model: p?=?0.001, OR?=?1.15, 95%CI 1.06–1.26). Further subgroup analyses according to ethnicity of participants revealed that rs1501299 and rs2241766 polymorphisms were both significantly correlated with PCOS risk in Caucasians. In addition, rs1501299 polymorphism was also significantly correlated with PCOS risk in East Asians.Conclusions
Our findings indicated that rs1501299 and rs2241766 polymorphisms might serve as genetic biomarkers of PCOS in certain ethnicities.5.
Jing Wen Yong Li Xia Yang Bright Eric Ohene Yu Jie Zhou Zhi Jian Wang 《BMC cardiovascular disorders》2017,17(1):295
Background
Periprocedural heparin bridging therapy aims to reduce the risk of thromboembolic events in patients requiring an interruption in their anticoagulation therapy for the purpose of an elective procedure. The efficacy and safety of heparin bridging therapy has not been well established.Objectives
To compare through meta-analysis the effects of heparin bridging therapy on the risk of major bleeding and thromboembolic events of clinical significance among patients taking oral anticoagulants.Methods
We searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane library from January 2005 to July 2016. Studies were included if they reported clinical outcomes of patients receiving heparin bridging therapy during interruption of oral anticoagulant for operations. Data were pooled using random-effects modeling.Results
A total of 25 studies, including 6 randomized controlled trials and 19 observational studies, were finally included in this analysis. Among all the 35,944 patients, 10,313 patients were assigned as heparin bridging group, and the other 25,631 patients were non-heparin bridging group. Overall, compared with patients without bridging therapy, heparin bridging therapy increased the risk of major bleeding (OR?=?3.23, 95%CI: 2.06–5.05), minor bleeding (OR?=?1.52, 95%CI: 1.06–2.18) and overall bleeding (OR?=?2.83, 95%CI: 1.86–4.30).While there was no significant difference in thromboembolic events (OR?=?0.99,95%CI: 0.49–2.00), stroke or transient ischemic attack(OR?=?1.45, 95%CI: 0.93–2.26,) or all-cause mortality (OR?=?0.71, 95%CI: 0.31–1.65).Conclusions
Heparin-bridging therapy increased the risk of major and minor bleeding without decreasing the risk of thromboembolic events and all cause death compared to non-heparin bridging.6.
Exudate components exert different influences on microbially mediated C losses in simulated rhizosphere soils of a spruce plantation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Yuanshuang Yuan Wenqiang Zhao Juan Xiao Ziliang Zhang Mingfeng Qiao Qing Liu Huajun Yin 《Plant and Soil》2017,413(1-2):127-144
Aims
An emerging shoot experiences mechanical impedance (MI) prior to initiating photosynthesis, when it needs to break through soil that has a surface crust. This is the one of the first physical stresses that the shoot experiences. Surprisingly, few measurements have been made to understand the impact of this stress upon post-emergent shoot growth.Methods
A system employed wax layers of different strengths to investigate shoot responses to MI of the soil surface. Experiments tested the responses of plants to MI using wax layers with different strengths, and tested different seed sizes, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition and different wheat genotypes. Detailed leaf and root morphological responses and photosynthetic gas exchange and fluorescence were measured.Results
MI produced permanent impairment to limit plant size, leaf growth rate and leaf photosynthetic function. Large seed sizes and N and P fertilization were able to overcome MI, especially for moderate levels of impedance. There was strong genotypic variation in the response to MI among 14 diverse wheat cultivars, and breeding for varieties suitable to no-tillage cropping systems appears to have facilitated selection in the ability to overcome MI of the soil surface.Conclusions
This study has highlighted the importance of MI stress of the soil surface in limiting shoot growth and has broad implications for plant genotype selection and agricultural systems management, particularly with regard to nutrition and tillage systems.7.
M. Sunamura N. ter Hoeve M. L. Geleijnse R. V. Steenaard H. J. G. van den Berg-Emons H. Boersma R. T. van Domburg 《Netherlands heart journal》2017,25(11):618-628
Background
Hospital length of stay after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) has reduced, resulting in more limited patient education during admission. Therefore, systematic participation in cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has become more essential. We aimed to identify patient-related factors that are associated with participation in and completion of a CR programme.Methods
We identified 3,871 consecutive AMI patients who underwent pPCI between 2003 and 2011. These patients were linked to the database of Capri CR, which provides dedicated, multi-disciplinary CR. ‘Participation’ was defined as registration at Capri CR within 6 months after pPCI. CR was ‘complete’ if a patient undertook the final exercise test.Results
In total, 1,497 patients (39%) were registered at Capri CR. Factors independently associated with CR participation included age (<50 vs. >70 year: odds ratio (OR) 7.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.1–9.6), gender (men vs. women: OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–1.8), index diagnosis (ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] vs. non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]: OR 2.4, 95% CI 2.0–2.7) and socio-economic status (high vs. low: OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6–2.5). The model based on these factors discriminated well (c-index 0.75). CR programme completion was 80% and was inversely related with diabetes, current smoking and previous MI. The discrimination of the model based on these factors was poor (c-index 0.59).Conclusions
Only a minority of AMI/pPCI patients participated in a CR programme. Completion rates, however, were better. Increased physician and patient awareness of the benefits of CR are still needed, with focus on the elderly, women and patients with low socio-economic status.8.
Xiaomeng Yang Shuya Li Xingquan Zhao Liping Liu Yong Jiang Zixiao Li Yilong Wang Yongjun Wang 《BMC neurology》2017,17(1):207
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is reported to be a less frequent cause of ischemic stroke in China than in Europe and North America, but it is not clear whether this is due to underestimation. Our aim was to define the true frequency of AF-associated stroke, to determine the yield of 6-day Holter ECG to detect AF in Chinese stroke patients, and to elucidate predictors of newly detected AF.Methods
Patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter cohort study of 6-day Holter monitoring within 7 days after stroke onset at 20 sites in China between 2013 and 2015. Independent predictors of newly-detected AF were determined by multivariate analysis.Results
Among 1511 patients with ischemic stroke and TIA (mean age 63 years, 33.1% women), 305 (20.2%) had either previously known (196, 13.0%) or AF newly-detected by electrocardiography (53, 3.5%) or by 6-day Holter monitoring (56/1262, 4.4%). A history of heart failure (OR?=?4.70, 95%CI, 1.64–13.5), advanced age (OR?=?1.06, 95%CI, 1.04–1.09), NIHSS at admission (OR?=?1.06, 95%CI, 1.02–1.10), blood high density lipoprotein (HDL) (OR?=?1.52, 95%CI, 1.09–2.13), together with blood triglycerides (OR?=?0.64, 95%CI, 0.45–0.91) were independently associated with newly-detected AF.Conclusions
Contrary to previous reports, AF-associated stroke is frequent (20%) in China if systemically sought. Prolonged noninvasive cardiac rhythm monitoring importantly increases AF detection in patients with recent ischemic stroke and TIA in China. Advanced age, history of heart failure, and higher admission NIHSS and higher level of HDL were independent indicators of newly-detected AF.Trial registration
NCT02156765 (June 5, 2014).9.
Background
Postoperative pneumonia (PP) is one of the common complications following esophagectomy and associated with poor short- and long-term outcomes. Sevoflurane and propofol, which have inflammatory-modulating effects, are common used general anesthetics. This study aimed to compare the effects of anesthesia with sevoflurane and propofol on the development of PP after esophageal surgery for cancer.Methods
The electronic medical records of patients who underwent elective esophagectomy between July 2013 and July 2016 were reviewed. We conducted univariate and multivariate logistics analysis and propensity score matching analysis to compare the effect of sevoflurane and propofol on the incidence of PP and to identify the risk factors for PP after esophagectomy.Results
Overall, the incidence of postoperative pneumonia was 9.5%. There was no significant difference in the rates of PP between sevoflurane group and propofol group either before or after propensity score matching (9.6% vs 8.0%, P?=?0.606; 7.7% vs 6.4%, P?=?0.754, respectively). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that alcohol use (OR 1.513; 95% CI 1.062–2.156), surgical procedure (Sweet: referent; Ivor-Lewis: OR 1.993; 95% CI 1.190–3.337; Three-incision: OR 1.878; 95% CI 1.296–2.722) and surgeon experience (high-volume: referent; low-volume: OR 1.525; 95% CI 1.090–2.135) were significant risk factors of postoperative pneumonia.Conclusions
Sevoflurane did not differ from propofol in terms of affecting the risk of PP development after esophagectomy.10.
Quynh-Nhi Thi Le Khanh-Lam Phung Van-Thuy Thi Nguyen Katherine L. Anders Minh-Nguyet Nguyen Diem-Tuyet Thi Hoang Thuy-Tien Thi Bui Vinh-Chau Van Nguyen Guy E. Thwaites Cameron Simmons Stephen Baker 《International breastfeeding journal》2018,13(1):46
Background
There is a paucity of data regarding risk factors associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices in urbanized areas of low-middle income countries (LMICs).Methods
Through a large prospective birth cohort, which enrolled 6706 infants in Vietnam between 2009 and 2013, we investigated the practice of exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay in urban and semi-rural populations and aimed to identify factors associated with suboptimal breastfeeding practices. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed to determine factors associated with not exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay.Results
Of 6076 mothers, 33% (2187) breastfed their infant exclusively before hospital discharge; 9% (364/4248) in urban and 74% (1823/2458) in semi-rural areas. Exclusive breastfeeding up to 4 months was recorded in 15% (959/6210) of participants; this declined to <?1% (56/6093) at 6 months. Delivery by Caesarean section (Odds Ratio [OR] 0.07; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.04, 0.11 and OR 0.05; 95% CI 0.03, 0.08) and neonatal complications (OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.07, 0.47 and OR 0.25; 95% CI 0.14, 0.46) were common and highly significant risk factors associated with a lack of exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay in urban and semi-rural settings, respectively.Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first large-scale investigation aimed at identifying factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding during hospital stay in Vietnam. Breastfeeding promotion strategies should prioritize common risk factors in hospital, such as Caesarean section and neonatal complications, and other location specific factors associated with socioeconomics.11.
Lisa K. Lee Michelle Y. Woodfin Marissa G. Vadi Tristan R. Grogan Phillip J. Ross Richard L. ApplegateII Marc Iravani 《BMC anesthesiology》2018,18(1):199
Background
Although patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) ligations in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) have been an accepted practice, many are still performed in the Operating Room (OR). Whether avoiding transport leads to improved perioperative outcomes is unclear. Here we aimed to determine whether PDA ligations in the NICU corresponded to higher risk of surgical site infection or mortality and if transport was associated with worsened perioperative outcomes.Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study of NICU patients, ≤37?weeks post-menstrual age, undergoing surgical PDA ligation in the NICU or OR. We excluded any infants undergoing device PDA closure. We measured the incidence of perioperative hypothermia, cardiac arrest, decreases in SpO2, hemodynamic instability and postoperative surgical site infection, sepsis and mortality.Results
Data was collected on 189 infants (100 OR, 89 NICU). After controlling for number of preoperative comorbidities, weight at time of procedure, procedure location and hospital in the mixed-effect model, no significant difference in mortality or sepsis was found (odds ratio 0.31, 95%CI 0.07, 1.30; p?=?0.107, and odds ratio 0.40; 95%CI 0.14, 1.09; p?=?0.072, respectively). There was an increased incidence of hemodynamic instability on transport postoperatively in the OR group (12.4% vs 2%, odds ratio 6.93; 95% CI 1.48, 35.52; p?=?0.014).Conclusion
PDA ligations in the NICU were not associated with higher incidences of surgical site infection or mortality. There was an increased incidence of hemodynamic instability in the OR group on transport back to the NICU. Larger multicenter studies following long-term outcomes are needed to evaluate the safety of performing all PDA ligations in the NICU.Keywords
Patent ductus arteriosus, Newborn infant, Neonatal intensive care unit, Surgical wound infection, Postoperative period, Hemodynamics12.
M. Shurrab A. Kaoutskaia A. Baranchuk C. Lau T. Singarajah I. Lashevsky D. Newman J. S. Healey E. Crystal 《Netherlands heart journal》2018,26(5):233-239
Background
The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-conditional permanent pacemakers has increased significantly. In this meta-analysis, we examine the safety of MRI-conditional pacing systems in comparison with conventional systems.Methods
An electronic search was performed using major databases, including studies that compared the outcomes of interest between patients receiving MRI-conditional pacemakers (MRI group) versus conventional pacemakers (control group).Results
Six studies (5 retrospective and 1 prospective non-randomised) involving 2,118 adult patients were identified. The MRI-conditional pacemakers, deployed in 969 patients, were all from a single manufacturer (Medtronic Pacing System with 5086 leads). The rate of pacemaker lead dislodgement (atrial and ventricular) was significantly higher in the MRI group (3% vs. 1%, OR 2.47 (95% CI 1.26; 4.83), p?=?0.008). The MRI group had a significantly higher rate of pericardial complications (2% vs. 1%, OR 4.23 (95% CI 1.18; 15.10), p?=?0.03) and a numerically higher overall complication rate in comparison with the conventional group (6% vs. 3%, OR 2.02 (95% CI 0.88; 4.66), p?=?0.10) but this was not statistically significant.Conclusions
In this meta-analysis, the rates of pacemaker lead dislodgement and pericardial complications were significantly higher with the Medtronic MRI-conditional pacing system.13.
Background
Influenza vaccination coverage remains low among health care workers (HCWs) in many health facilities. This study describes the social network defined by HCWs’ conversations around an influenza vaccination campaign in order to describe the role played by vaccination behavior and other HCW characteristics in the configuration of the links among subjects.Methods
This study used cross-sectional data from 235 HCWs interviewed after the 2010/2011 influenza vaccination campaign at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (HCB), Spain. The study asked: “Who did you talk to or share some activity with respect to the seasonal vaccination campaign?” Variables studied included sociodemographic characteristics and reported conversations among HCWs during the influenza campaign. Exponential random graph models (ERGM) were used to assess the role of shared characteristics (homophily) and individual characteristics in the social network around the influenza vaccination campaign.Results
Links were more likely between HCWs who shared the same professional category (OR 3.13, 95% CI?=?2.61–3.75), sex (OR 1.34, 95% CI?=?1.09–1.62), age (OR 0.7, 95% CI?=?0.63–0.78 per decade of difference), and department (OR 11.35, 95% CI?=?8.17–15.64), but not between HCWs who shared the same vaccination behavior (OR 1.02, 95% CI?=?0.86–1.22). Older (OR 1.26, 95% CI?=?1.14–1.39 per extra decade of HCW) and vaccinated (OR 1.32, 95% CI?=?1.09–1.62) HCWs were more likely to be named.Conclusions
This study finds that there is no homophily by vaccination status in whom HCWs speak to or interact with about a workplace vaccination promotion campaign. This result highlights the relevance of social network analysis in the planning of health promotion interventions.14.
Tien F. Lee Morton G. Burt Leonie K. Heilbronn Arduino A. Mangoni Vincent W. Wong Mark McLean N. Wah Cheung 《Cardiovascular diabetology》2017,16(1):157
Background
Hyperglycemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We evaluated whether complications after AMI are associated with absolute or relative glycemia.Methods
A total of 192 patients with AMI were randomized to intensive or conventional insulin therapy. Absolute glycemia was defined as mean blood glucose level (BGL) during the first 24 h following randomization. Relative glycemia was defined by the stress hyperglycaemia ratio (SHR), calculated as mean BGL divided by average glucose concentration over the prior 3 months estimated from glycosylated haemoglobin. The primary endpoint was a “complicated AMI”, defined as an AMI complicated by death, congestive cardiac failure, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, reinfarction, cardiogenic shock, inotrope use or emergency revascularization.Results
There was not a significant association between mean BGL and complicated AMI (odds ratio (OR) 1.05 per mmol/L glucose increment, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.93–1.19). In contrast, SHR was positively associated with a complicated myocardial infarction (OR 1.22 per 0.1 SHR increment, 95% CI 1.06–1.42), and individual complications of death (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.14–2.11), congestive cardiac failure (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.05–1.54), arrhythmia (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.12–1.54) and cardiogenic shock (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.03–1.97). The relationship between SHR and a complicated AMI was independent of diabetic status, intensive insulin therapy, sex and hypoglycemia.Conclusions
Relative, but not absolute, glycemia during insulin treatment is independently associated with complications after an AMI. Future studies should investigate whether basing therapeutic glycaemic targets on relative glycemia improves patient outcomes.15.
Background
Malnutrition is an underlying factor in more than 50% of the major cause of infant mortality-Pneumonia, diarrhoeal disease and measles which account for 70% of infant mortality. Therefore, programs to promote adequate nutrition for age can help reduce mortality from these disease conditions and indispensible to achievement of MDG 4.Aim
To describe the feeding practices of infants below six months of age and determine maternal socio-demographic factors that influences the practice of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) among mothers in Nnewi, south-east Nigeria.Methods
Four hundred mother-infant pairs attending the infant welfare clinic of the Nnamdi Azikiwe University teaching hospital (NAUTH) during 2012 were consecutively recruited after meeting the study inclusion criteria. Data on breastfeeding were based on infant feeding practice in the previous 24 hours. Exclusive breastfeeding was defined as infant feeding with only breast milk.Results
Awareness (95.3%) and knowledge (82.0%) of EBF was high among surveyed mother but the practice of EBF (33.5%) was very low. Positive attitude towards EBF practice was shown by many (71.0%) of surveyed mothers. EBF practice decreased with increasing infant age, OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.34, 1.51) for 1–2 months, OR 0.58 (95% CI 0.23, 1.44) for 3–4 months and OR 0.20 (95% CI 0.06, 0.73) for 5–6 months compared to infants?<?1 month old. Maternal education, socioeconomic class, mode of delivery and infants first feed were retained as important maternal predictors of EBF practice after adjustment for confounders. Decreased likelihood of EBF practice was found among mothers of lower educational attainment, OR 0.33 (95% CI 0.13, 0.81), mothers who delivered through caesarean section, OR 0.38 (95% CI 0.18, 0.84), mothers of higher socio-economic status [(middle class, OR 0.46 (95% CI 0.22, 0.99) and upper class, OR 0.32 (95% CI 0.14, 0.74)] while increased likelihood of EBF practice was seen in mothers who gave their infants breast milk as their first feed, OR 3.36 (95% CI 1.75, 6.66).Conclusion
Knowledge and awareness does not translate to practice of EBF. More effort by health workers and policy makers should be directed to mothers along the fault lines to encourage the practice of EBF.16.
Thomas?Scheffold Silke?Kullmann Andreas?Huge Priska?Binner Hermann?R?Ochs Wolfgang?Sch?ls Joachim?Thale Wolfgang?Motz Franz?Josef?Hegge Christoph?Stellbrink Thomas?Dorsel Hartmut?Gülker Hubertus?Heuer Wilfried?Dinh Monika?Stoll Georg?Haltern Forschungsverbund Herz-Kreislauf in NRW 《BMC cardiovascular disorders》2011,11(1):9
Background
Recent genome-wide association studies have identified several genetic loci linked to coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). The 9p21.3 locus was verified by numerous replication studies to be the first common locus for CAD and MI. In the present study, we investigated whether six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rs1333049, rs1333040, rs10757274, rs2383206, rs10757278, and rs2383207 representing the 9p21.3 locus were associated with the incidence of an acute MI in patients with the main focus on the familial aggregation of the disease.Methods
The overall cohort consisted of 976 unrelated male patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with ST-elevated (STEMI) as well as non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Genotyping data of the investigated SNPs were generated and statistically analyzed in comparison to previously published findings of matchable control cohorts.Results
Statistical evaluation confirmed a highly significant association of all analyzed SNP's with the occurrence of MI (p < 0.0001; OR: 1.621-2.039). When only MI patients with a positive family disposition were comprised in the analysis a much stronger association of the accordant risk alleles with incident disease was found with odds ratios up to 2.769.Conclusions
The findings in the present study confirmed a strong association of the 9p21.3 locus with MI particularly in patients with a positive family history thereby, emphasizing the pathogenic relevance of this locus as a common genetic cardiovascular risk factor.17.
Background
In this retrospective study, we investigated the main pathogenesis of the two types of isolated pontine infarction: paramedian pontine infarcts (PPIs) and small deep pontine infarcts (SDPIs).Methods
Acute ischemic stroke patients, comprising 117 PPI patients and 40 SDPI patients, were enrolled. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) and routine MRI sequences were performed for each patient, and clinical data were collected. The following brain small vessel disease (SVD) features of the MRI scans were each rated (0 or 1) separately: asymptomatic lacunar infarcts, white matter lesions (WMLs), deep and infratentorial cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), and enlarged perivascular spaces in the basal ganglia. The ratings were also summed in an ordinal “SVD score” (range: 0–4). The difference in the SVD score between the PPI and SDPI groups was determined. The presence and location of basilar artery (BA) atherosclerotic plaques (based on HR-MRI) in the two groups was evaluated.Results
There was a significant difference in the total SVD score and three of the four independent SVD features (asymptomatic lacunar infarcts, WMLs, and deep and infratentorial CMBs) between the two groups. The prevalence of BA plaques relevant to the infarcts in the PPI group was significantly higher than that in the SDPI group, whereas the prevalence of plaques irrelevant to the infarcts was similar between the two groups. The degree of BA stenosis was slightly higher in the PPI group than in the SDPI group. Diabetes mellitus was much more prevalent in the PPI group. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score was higher in the PPI group, which is in accordance with the larger infarct size in the PPI group.Conclusion
BA atherosclerosis may be the major cause of PPI, while SVD may be the main mechanism underlying SDPI. HR-MRI combined with the total SVD score should be helpful to explore the pathogenesis underlying isolated pontine infarctions, especially in cases involving low-grade BA stenosis.18.
Background
Stickler syndrome is a connective tissue disorder characterized by ocular, skeletal, orofacial and auditory defects. It is caused by mutations in different collagen genes, namely COL2A1, COL11A1 and COL11A2 (autosomal dominant inheritance), and COL9A1 and COL9A2 (autosomal recessive inheritance). The auditory phenotype in Stickler syndrome is inconsistently reported. Therefore we performed a systematic review of the literature to give an up-to-date overview of hearing loss in Stickler syndrome, and correlated it with the genotype.Methods
English-language literature was reviewed through searches of PubMed and Web of Science, in order to find relevant articles describing auditory features in Stickler patients, along with genotype. Prevalences of hearing loss are calculated and correlated with the different affected genes and type of mutation.Results
313 patients (102 families) individually described in 46 articles were included. Hearing loss was found in 62.9%, mostly mild to moderate when reported. Hearing impairment was predominantly sensorineural (67.8%). Conductive (14.1%) and mixed (18.1%) hearing loss was primarily found in young patients or patients with a palatal defect. Overall, mutations in COL11A1 (82.5%) and COL11A2 (94.1%) seem to be more frequently associated with hearing impairment than mutations in COL2A1 (52.2%).Conclusions
Hearing impairment in patients with Stickler syndrome is common. Sensorineural hearing loss predominates, but also conductive hearing loss, especially in children and patients with a palatal defect, may occur. The distinct disease-causing collagen genes are associated with a different prevalence of hearing impairment, but still large phenotypic variation exists. Regular auditory follow-up is strongly advised, particularly because many Stickler patients are visually impaired.19.
Aliya Sarmanova Michelle Hall Gwen S. Fernandes Archan Bhattacharya Ana M. Valdes David A. Walsh Michael Doherty Weiya Zhang 《Arthritis research & therapy》2017,19(1):281
Background
An important role for synovial pathology in the initiation and progression of knee osteoarthritis has been emphasised recently. This study aimed to examine whether ultrasonography-detected synovial changes associate with knee pain (KP) in a community population.Methods
A case–control study was conducted to compare people with early KP (n?=?298), established KP (n?=?100) or no KP (n?=?94) at baseline. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) between groups adjusted for radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA) severity and other confounding factors. After 1 year, 255 participants with early and established KP completed the follow-up questionnaire for changes in KP. Logistic regression with adjustment was used to determine predictors of KP worsening.Results
At baseline, effusion was associated with early KP (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.57–4.45) and established KP (OR 5.07, 95% CI 2.74–9.38). Synovial hypertrophy was also associated with early KP (OR 5.43, 95% CI 2.12–13.92) and established KP (OR 13.27, 95% CI 4.97–35.43). The association with effusion diminished when adjusted for ROA. Power Doppler signal was uncommon (early KP 3%, established KP 2%, controls 0%). Baseline effusion predicted worsening of KP at 1 year (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.05–3.64). However, after adjusting for ROA, the prediction was insignificant (adjusted OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.44–2.02).Conclusions
Ultrasound effusion and synovial hypertrophy are associated with KP, but only effusion predicts KP worsening. However, the association/prediction is not independent from ROA. Power Doppler signal is uncommon in people with KP. Further study is needed to understand whether synovitis is directly involved in different types of KP.20.
Peng Huang Haozhi Fan Ting Tian Peiwen Liao Jun Li Rongbin Yu Xueshan Xia Yue Feng Jie Wang Yuan Liu Yun Zhang Ming Yue 《Virology journal》2017,14(1):235