First data about cave spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) from Iran

This paper reports seven species found in Shirabad Cave located in the western part of Golestan Province and two species found nearby. Three families: Anyphaenidae, Segestriidae and Theridiosomatidae, and one species, Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763) are recorded from Iran for the first time. Two species are described as new: Tegenaria zamanii Marusik & Omelko, sp.n. (♀) and Segestria mirshamsii Marusik & Omelko, sp.n. (♀). Four species: Lepthyphantes iranicus Saaristo & Tanasevitch, 1996, Metellina merianae, Octonoba yesoensis (Saito, 1934) and Pholcus sp. are illustrated. Uloborus georgicus Mcheidze, 1997 from Eastern Georgia is synonymized with Octonoba yesoensis. The distribution of all species treated in the paper is briefly discussed, with emphasis on the easternmost records.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:614A0FF0-40B0-4A7E-B2B8-C6B117A80AFE     

中国跳蛛科1新记录属及1新种（蛛形纲：蜘蛛目）

作者在整理采自海南岛的蜘蛛标本时,发现了跳蛛科1新记录属：维利蛛属Vailimia Kammerer,2006,及1新种：长胫维利蛛Vailimia longitibia sp．nov．文中给出了详细的鉴别特征、描述和特征图。所有标本均保存在河北大学博物馆。文中测量单位为mm.     

A survey of running crab spiders (Araneae: Philodromidae) in Iran

Nine species and four genera of Philodromidae are identified and recorded from various parts of Iran including Pulchellodromus medius (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (genus and species new to Iran) and Thanatus setiger (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (new to Iran). The male of Rhysodromus hierosolymitanus (Levy, 1977), which was previously known only from females, is described and diagnosed here.     

中国平腹蛛科两新属（蛛形纲：蜘蛛目）

本文记述了平腹蛛科两个新属及隶属于其中的３新种：异狂蛛属,新属Ａｌｌｏｚｅｌｏｔｅｓｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,庐山异狂蛛,新种Ａ．ｌｕｓｈａｎｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,滇池异狂蛛,新种Ａ．ＤＩＡＮＣＨＩＳＯ．ＮＯＶ．,     

New data on the spider fauna of Iran (Arachnida: Araneae)

We present the results of some spider surveys that were conducted in different parts of Iran. Faunistic records for 30 species which are new to Iran are presented here. Biogeographic data are provided for each species. Two families, namely Liocranidae and Mimetidae, are recorded for the first time from the country.     

中国逍遥蛛科一新记录种记述(蛛形纲:蜘蛛目)

本文记述了我国逍遥蛛科1新记录种：日本长逍遥蛛Tibellus japonicus Efimik,1999。     

New cave-dwelling armored spiders (Araneae,Tetrablemmidae) from Southwest China

A new genus and five new species belonging to the family Tetrablemmidae are described from caves in Southwest China, i.e., Sinammaoxycera gen. & sp. n., Singaporemma banxiaoensis sp. n., Singaporemma wulongensis sp. n., Tetrablemma ziyaoensis sp. n. andTetrablemma menglaensis sp. n. The following new combination is proposed: Sinamma sanya (Lin & Li, 2010), comb. n. ex. Shearella Lehtinen, 1981. The relationships of the Sinamma gen. n. with other genera are discussed. Diagnoses and illustrations for all new taxa are given.     

A new species of Polydrusus (Polydrusus) Germar (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) from the Kurdistan region of Iraq

Polydrusus (s. str.) akreanus sp. n. is a new record of Curculionidae found in Iraqi Kurdistan. The new species is described, illustrated and compared with Polydrusus (s. str.) kadleci Borovec & Germann, 2013 known from Turkey and Iran, which is morphologically similar to the new species.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9FDC3C5B-6854-4DEF-BDF6-EE6809F82DEE     

One New Species and One New Record ofJumping Spiders （Araneae： Salticidae） from India

This paper presents the first result of the study on the jumping spiders collected during the India 2002 Expedition held by P. Sipek and M. Fikacek from the Charles University, Prague. Hitherto only 3 species of the genus Curubis were known from Sri Lanka, no females were found (SIMON 1902, ZABKA 1988, PROSZYNSKI 2003). A new species from India, Curubis sipeki sp. nov. (also only in male sex), is described. Bristowia heterospinosa REIMOSER, 1934 is reported for the first time from India.     

中国园蛛科1新种和2个新雄性(蜘蛛目:园蛛科)

本文描述了园蛛科3种蜘蛛：多齿园蛛,新种Araneus polydentatus sp．nov．,舜皇园蛛Araneus shunhuangensis Yin et al,1990和松阳芒果蛛Mangora songyangensis Yin et al,1990。舜皇园蛛和松阳芒果蛛的雄性均系首次报道。本文同时提供了这3种蜘蛛的地理分布图。     

Functional genital morphology of armored spiders (Arachnida: Araneae: Tetrablemmidae)

This study describes the female genitalia of the tetrablemmid spiders Brignoliella acuminata, Monoblemma muchmorei, Caraimatta sbordonii, Tetrablemma magister, and Ablemma unicornis by means of serial semi‐thin sections and scanning electron microscopy and compares the results with previous findings on Indicoblemma lannaianum. Furthermore, the male palps and chelicerae are briefly described. The general vulval organization of females is complex and shows similarities in all of the investigated species. The copulatory orifice is situated near the posterior margin of the pulmonary plate. The opening of the uterus externus lies between the pulmonary and the postgenital plate. Paired copulatory ducts lead to sac‐like receptacula. Except for A. unicornis, the male emboli of all investigated species are elongated and thread‐like. However, they are too short to reach the receptacula. Hence, the spermatozoa have to be deposited inside the copulatory ducts. The same situation was also found in I. lannaianum. Females of this species store sperm encapsulated in secretory balls in their receptacula. The secretion is produced by glands adjoining the receptacula. The presence of paired fertilization ducts and spermatozoa in the uterus internus suggested that fertilization takes place internally in I. lannaianum. Secretory balls in the receptacula are found in all of the investigated species in this study, showing that sperm are stored in the same way. The place of fertilization may also be identical since dark particles, presumably spermatozoa, are located in the uterus internus of all investigated species except for T. magister. However, fertilization ducts are only found in B. acuminata and M. muchmorei. A sclerotized central process with attached muscles is present in A. unicornis, M. muchmorei, C. sbordonii and T. magister. Only in A. unicornis does the central process show an internal lumen and hold spermatozoa. In the other species, it could be used to lock the uterus during copulation in order to prevent sperm from getting into it as suggested for certain oonopid species. The uterus externus of all investigated species shows a sclerotized dorsal fold with attached muscles, previously described as “inner vulval plate.” Contractions of the muscles lead to a widening of the dorsal fold, thus creating enough space for the large oocytes to pass the narrow uterus externus. The males of all investigated species have apophyses on their chelicerae. At least in B. acuminata and A. unicornis, where females have paired grooves on the preanal plate, these apophyses allow males to grasp the female during copulation as described for I. lannaianum. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

我国四种舞蛛记述

本文记述我国舞蛛属Alopecosa1新种：林站舞蛛A．1inzhan sp．nov．，及3新纪录种：方隔舞蛛A．akkolka Marusik，1994、客居舞蛛A．inquilina(Clerck，1757)和独行舞蛛A．solivaga(Kulczynski，1901)。新种近似于A．sokhondoensis Logunov et Marusik,1994，但新种外雌器中隔扩展部端部向前方延伸较明显，超出中隔柄部，交配管较细长，而后者外雌器中隔扩展部向前方延伸不明显，未超出中隔柄部，交配管较短；另外2者在前眼列各眼相对大小和间距方面也有差别。     

中国蟹蛛科1新纪录属及2新种记述(蛛形纲:蜘蛛目)

本文记述了壮蟹蛛属Stiphropus和斜蟹蛛属Loxobates蜘蛛2新种,分别命名为镰壮蟹蛛,新种Stiphropus falciformus sp.nov.和刺斜蟹蛛,新种Loxobates spiniformis sp.nov..壮蟹蛛属Stiphropus在我国尚属首次记述.壮蟹蛛属Stiphropus Gerst(a)cker,1873新纪录属Stiphropus Gerst(a)cker,1873479;Ono,198059模式种Stiphropus lugubris Gerst(a)cker,1873 鉴别特征本属与革蟹蛛属Coriarachne Thorell,1870(Song & Zhu,1997,61)在体型上非常相似,但具以下区别头 胸部长大于宽,而不是宽大于长;步足和触肢具许多羽状毛(plumose hairs)(figs.1 C～D),但后者无;雄蛛插入器大,小刀状(cultrate)或acerate,后者小而呈刺状;雌蛛外雌器中隔骨化强烈,而后者不明显.镰壮蟹蛛,新种Stiphropus falciformus sp.nov.正模♂大理市凤仪镇公山,25°35'N,100°18'E,2002年5月21日,杨自忠采;副模1♀,地点同前,2002年6月29日,杨自忠采;3♂,元谋县元马镇,25°42'N,101°53'E,2005年9月12日,李巧采;1♂,元谋县老城乡,25°37'N,101°54'E,2005年9月10日,李巧采.词源学本新种种名根据插入器的形状而拟定.鉴别特征本新种与眼斑壮蟹蛛Stiphropus ocellatus Thorell,1887(Ono,1980 b64,flgs.12～27)相似,但具以下区别插入器比后者长而宽;外侧突比后者短而宽.斜蟹蛛属Loxobates Thorell,1877 Loxobates Thorell,1877495;Song & Zhu,199740;Song,Zhu & Chen,1999481模式种Loxobates ephippiatus Thorell,1877刺斜蟹蛛,新种Loxobates spiniformis sp.nov.正模♂云南省大理市点苍山,25°58'N,99°52'E,2002年6月9日;副模1♀,4 ♂,地点同前,2004年5月22日,海拔2 300～2 500 m,杨自忠采;副模3♀,8♂,地点同前,2005年5月31日,杨自忠、杨飞采.词源学本新种名根据雄蛛触肢胫节外侧突起的形状而拟定.鉴别特征本新种雄蛛的插入器形状与小斜蟹蛛Loxobates minorOno,2001(p.208,figs.6～8)相似,但具以下区别胫节外侧突基部螺旋状,端部刺状(figs.2.D～E),后者小而呈指状;腹侧突腹面观指状而不呈钝齿状.雌蛛与大东斜蟹蛛L.daitoensis Ono,1988(p.43,figs.27～33)相似,外雌器近"U"字形、交配管长而不同于后者.     

Spiders of the genus Lachesana and a new storenoid genus from Israel (Araneae: Zodariidae)

Zodariid spiders of two genera in Israel are revised. The genus Lachesana is represented by two species. Only one male of these was ever depicted while the females of both and their hitherto unknown retreats were never described. Pax gen. nov. has been erected to accommodate five species, some of which have formerly been placed in Slorena, Selamia or Habronestes . Diagnostic characters of the West Mediterranean Selamia and the Australian Habronestes are newly illustrated. No drawings of Pax libani and P. islamita were ever published; the male of the latter is described here for the first time. Pax palmonii sp. nov. and P. engediensis sp. nov. are described and affinities of all taxa are discussed. Illustrations, records of distribution and keys to the species are provided.     

内蒙古卷叶蛛科蜘蛛及1新种记述（蛛形纲：蜘蛛目）

记述内蒙古卷叶蛛科Dictynidae蜘蛛6种。其中阿拉善婀蛛Argenna alxasp．nov．为1新种;巾阿卷叶蛛Ajmonia capucina（Schenkel,1936）;康古卷叶蛛Archaeodictyna consecuta O．P．Cambridge,1872;芦苇卷叶蛛Dictyna arundinacea（Linnaeus,1758）系本区首次发现。     

Revision of the Widow-spider genus Latrodectus (Araneae:Theridiidae) in Israel

The six species of Widow-spiders ( Latrodectus ) found in Israel are revised. Three of them are reported for the first time from this region. The Mediterranean L.tredecimguttatus is maintained as a distinct species differing from the American L.mactans , while evidence on the occurrence in Israel of a distinct population, close to the American L.hesperus is provided. Five sympatric species of Latrodectus are found in the more arid zones of Israel and one allopatric population of the cosmotropical L.geometricus occurs in the Mediterranean Coastal Plain. A conspectus on the systematics alongside distribution and ecological records of each species is given. The biological and morphological distinctive characters separating the species are then assessed in an extended discussion. Illustrations and a key to the species are provided.     

Spiders of the families Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae and Araneidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Aldabra atoll

A total of 36 spider species of the families Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae and Araneidae are recorded from Aldabra atoll. Of these, 26 are described as new, together with one new subspecies. The taxonomy of the new species is discussed and, for comparative purposes, five other species not from Aldabra are illustrated. One new synonymy is established. Records for each species are given with, in some cases, notes on biology. The possible biological significance of the egg sac strings found in some species is considered. Finally, the biogeographical affinities of the Aldabra species are briefly discussed.