11q;22q易位的细胞遗传学亚型——附三例高分辨显带分析

11号与22号染色体长臂之间的易位t(11q;22q)是一种比较常见的染色体异常。在不平衡易位时,它导致22号长臂的部分三体性,但患者的临床表现和文献中报告的易位断点的位置均很多样。本文对来自三个家系的3名易位携带者的外周血培养细胞染色休进行了常规和高分辨显带分析,结果发现3名携带者易位染色体的构成均为t(11q25;22ql3.1)。因此,在复习和汇总文献资料的基础上,提出此种易位目前至少可区别11q23;22qll与llq25,;22ql3两种主要细胞遗传学亚型。     

遗传性平衡易位t(3; 22) (p21; q13）家系

本文报道一例t(3; 22) (p21; q13）平衡 相互易位的家系。先证者，男性，一岁半，淋巴 细胞及皮肤成纤维细胞G带分析结果：核型均 为46, XY, t(3; 22)(p21；q13）或46, XY,t(3; 22)(3gter” 3p21：：22813” 22gter；2 2 pter” 22gl3::3p21” 3 pter )；先证者母亲（图1）与 外祖母核型均为46, XX, t(3; 22)(p21; q13) 或46, XX, t(3; 22)(3gter、3p21：:22813一 22gter; 22pter～ 22813：:3p21一3pter)。经银 染与G带复合显示技术，先证者及母亲的22der 可见清晰的AgNOR区。先证者的父亲与舅父 G带分析核型正常。在此情况下，有生育正常 婴儿的可能，但必须作产前诊断。     

Sublocalization of von Willebrand factor pseudogene to 22q11.22–q11.23 by in situ hybridization in a 46,X,t(X;22)(pter;q11.21) translocation

Summary The von Willebrand factor pseudogene, previously mapped to chromosome 22, was sublocalized by in situ hybridization using as probe a von Willebrand factor cDNA fragment completely contained in the pseudogenic region. Chromosome spreads were from a patient carrying a unique balanced de novo translocation 46,X,t(X;22)(pter;q11.21). Silver grain analysis indicated that the human von Willebrand factor pseudogene is located on 22q11.22–q11.23, a region relevant for several somatic and constitutional chromosomal alterations.     

Bisatellited dicentric chromosome: A report on a case with karyotype 47,XY,+psu dic(22)t(22;22)(22pter→cen→22q11::22q11→22pter)

Summary A 12-year-old boy with mental retardation and congenital anomalies was found to have a supernumerary small marker chromosome. This marker chromosome was proved to be bisatellited and dicentric by G-, C-, R-banding and the silverstaining technique.     

Trisomy 6p22→6pter due to familial t(6;13)(p22;q34 or 33) translocation

Summary 235 cases of Down's syndrome were ascertained in a 10-year study of Down's syndrome in Western Australia. Although cytogenetic studies performed on 222 subjects confirmed that 95% of cases were trisomic due to nondisjunction, 4% were trisomic due to translocation, and 1% were mosaic, the ratio of inherited/sporadic translocations differed from that usually reported. Comparison of the results with those of an earlier Australian survey of Down's syndrome demonstrated a real fall in the incidence of Down's syndrome in Australia but no significant change in maternal age-specific incidences.     

Pure monosomy and trisomy 2q24.2→q3105 due to an inv ins(7;2)(q21.2;q3105q24.2) segregating in four generations

Summary An inv ins(7;2)(q21.2;q3105q24.2) was found to segregate through four generations of a family. Adjacent-1 segregation aneusomies were ascertained in five patients: three monosomics and two trisomics; and the corresponding syndromes were delineated. The comparative analysis between these and other previously described 2q aneusomic individuals led to the conclusion that a large cleft between first and second toes is a constant feature in monosomy 2q24q31. No other trait could plausible be mapped. Risks of 7.9 to 31.9% for aneusomic children and of 26.3% for abortion were estimated in the present family.     

Localization of the human progesterone receptor gene to chromosome 11q22–q23

Summary The human progesterone receptor gene was mapped by in situ hybridization using two cDNA probes corresponding to the 5′ and 3′ part of the coding sequence. This gene was localized to 11q22-q23.     

Duplication of the segment q12.2→qter of chromosome 22 due to paternal inversion 22(p13q12.2)

Summary A 1730-g male infant, born at 37 weeks gestation, had multiple congenital anomalies, consisting of microcephaly, hypertelorism, bilateral cleft lip and palate, micrognathia, lowset ears, and cryptorchidism. Chromosome analysis showed a recombinant 22 derived from the paternal inversion (22) (p13q12.2). The proband's karyotype is 46,XY,rec(22),dup q,inv(22)(p13q12.2)pat, which has a duplication of q12.2qter. An identical recombinant has been reported in a female infant in Mexico whose mother was a carrier of the inversion. Similar congenital anomalies present in these two patients demonstrate the phenotype of duplication of the distal long arm 22. This report also documents the occurrence of an identical inversion in two apparently unrelated Mexican families.     

一个遗传了三代的染色体易位t(1;7)(1q42;7p22)家系

在遗传咨询门诊中,我们对一名智力低下的患儿作染色体分析,发现其7号染色体短臂异常,其父和祖母均为1号与7号染色体易位。现报告如下。 病例介绍 患儿女性,17个月,第一胎足月顺产,出生后体重增长缓慢,11个月会抬头,1岁后才能独坐及翻身,至今不会叫人,智力发育迟缓。 体检:体重8.7公斤,头围48厘米,枕部     

Duplication 15q22»15qter and its phenotypic expression

Summary Two infants with dysmorphism and aortic stenosis were trisomic for the distal part of 15q. Similar to seven other published cases, the facial dysmorphism was characteristic: prominent nose, narrow palpebral fissures, slight anti-mongoloïd slant, low-set ears, long upper lip, and a pronounced philtrum. Laboratory studies failed to demonstrate a gene-dose effect for the enzymes coded by chromosome 15 (PK 3 and MPI) and chromosome 21 (SOD 1).     

Serial duplication of 10 (q21→q22) in a mentally retarded boy with congenital malformations

Summary A boy with congenital malformations and a serial duplication of 10(q21q22) is reported. His clinical picture is compared with that of a previously reported patient with a similar karyotype.     

22q11微缺失与先天性心脏病的关系的研究

应用染色体荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术,对25例不同表型的先天性心脏病患者外周血标本进行22q11微缺失的检测,以探讨先天性心脏病与22q11微缺失的关系。受检的23例单纯性先天性心脏病患者,无22q11缺失者为19例,发生缺失者为4例;2例法鲁氏四联症伴心外多发畸形患者,有22q11缺失。上述结果表明,先天性心脏病与22q11微缺失有关。     

Triplex gene dosage effect for β-glucronidase and possible assignment to band q22 in a partial duplication 7q

Summary A 2-year-old girl had a de novo duplication in the long arm of one chromosome 7 and an increased level of the enzyme -glucuronidase in cultured fibroblasts. The phenotype of the girl partly overlaps those of two presumptive syndromes due to secondary partial trisomies 7q. The ratio of the enzyme activity was 1.43 to the controls, and 1.37 to her parent's values. We could not define the abnormality but suggest two alternatives: either the patient is trisomic for region q112 to q22 or for the region q22 to q34. If the second alternative is correct the locus for -glucuronidase is possibly assigned to band 7q22.     

Possible complex translocation t(9; 14; 13)(q12;pl?;q31) in mother of a child with 9p-trisomy syndrome

Summary A mentally retarded boy with trisomy 9p is described. This trisomy arose through aberrant segregation of translocation chromosome during meiosis in his mother, who has a complex translocation involving chromosomes 9, 13, and 14. Based on both G-, Q-banding, and DNA replication patterns, the patient's karyotype was identified as 47,XY,-13, +(9;13) (9pter9q12::13q3113qter), +t(13;14) (13pter13q31::14pl?14pter). We suppose his mother's karyotype to be 46,XX,-9,-13,-14,+t(9;13) (9pterq12::13q3113qter), +t(13;14) (13pter13q31::14pl?14pter), +t(9;14) (9qter9q12::14pl?14qter). His phenotypically normal brother and sister are also carriers, having the same translocation chromosome as their mother. Clinical findings of the patient included peculiar face with hypertelorism, prominent nasal bridge and deformed helix, marked delay of osseous development, hypoplastic phalangia in fingers and toes, dysplastic nails and absence of digital triradii.     

一家系三例rcp(5; 11)(q35；q13）核型报告

我室在1983年和1986年两次对一家系成员作染色体检查和家系调查，发现7人中有3例rcp (5;11)'(q35; q13）平衡易位患者。查阅文献［1,4,6,9],国内外尚无报道。     

Chromosomal assignment of the human 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase gene (BPGM) to region 7q34→7q22

Summary A 1.1-kb cDNA clone for human 2,3-bisphospho-glycerate mutase (BPGM) (EC2.7.5.4) was used to map the structural gene to metaphase chromosomes. In situ hybridization experiments localized the human BPGM gene to chromosome 7 and, more precisely, to region 7q34→7q22.     

Congenital heart defects and 22q11 deletions: which genes count?

Hemizygous deletions on the long arm of chromosome 22 (del22q11) are a relatively common cause of congenital heart disease. For some specific heart defects such as interrupted aortic arch type B and tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve, del22q11 is probably the most frequent genetic cause. Although extensive gene searches have been successful in discovering many novel genes in the deleted segment, standard positional cloning has so far failed to demonstrate a role for any of these genes in the disease. We show how the use of experimental animal models is beginning to provide an insight into the developmental role of some of these genes, while novel genome manipulation technologies promise to dissect the genetic aspects of this complex syndrome.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">CD1d</Emphasis> gene is a target for a novel amplicon at 1q22–23.1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Genome copy number variation (CNV) is one of the mechanisms to regulate the expression level of genes which contributes to the development and progression of cancer. In order to investigate the regions of high-level amplification and potential target genes within these amplicons in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we analyzed HCC cell line (TJ3ZX-01) for CNV regions at the whole genome level using GeneChip Human Mapping 500K array, and also examined the relative copy number and expression levels of the related genes at candidate amplicons in 41 HCC tissues via real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR methods. Through analysis of sequence tag site (STS) markers by quantitative PCR, The two candidate amplicons at 1q found by SNP array were shown to occur in 56.1% (23/41) HCC samples at 1q21 and 80.5% (33/41) at 1q22–23.1. Wilcoxon signed rank test showed expression of CD1d, which located at amplicon of 1q22–23.1 increased significantly within tumor tissues compared with paired nontumor tissues. Our study provides evidences that a novel, high-level amplicon at 1q22–23.1 occurs in both HCC cell line and tissues. CD1d is a potential target for this amplicon in HCC. The up-regulation of CD1d may be used as a novel molecular signature for diagnosis and prognosis of HCC.