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1.
刚毛藻目（Ｃｌａｄｏｐｈｏｒａｌｅｓ）属绿藻门,细胞多核管状,植物体为分枝或不分枝丝状体。刚毛藻目植物广泛分布于各种淡水、咸水、海水中,世界各地甚至于南极和北极都有它们的踪迹。就目前所知,海产种类比淡水多。有些刚毛藻目植物着生在乌龟、螺助等的贝壳上,极具观赏价值,如绿毛龟等。我国对此目的研究仅见建国前的一些零星报道,至今尚无专门的研究。到目前为止,中外藻类学家报道的我国淡水刚毛藻目的名录为６属３１种１１变种２变型,其中有新属１个、新种７个、新变种３个、新变型２个。主要的研究者有饶钦止、李良庆、王… 相似文献
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对青海湖的丝状藻类进行了样品采集,分析引起水华的藻类种类和组成。基于SSU-LSU的联合进化分析和基于ITS的系统进化分析显示:形成青海湖水华的丝状藻为一种刚毛藻,该种与史氏刚毛藻Cladophora stimpsonii和散束刚毛藻Cladophora vagabunda具有较近的亲缘关系,属于海洋刚毛藻和淡水刚毛藻的中间过渡种类。和邻近种类的区别特征如下:该种生长于咸水生境,植物体纤细柔软,呈绿色或浅绿色,分枝旺盛,具明显的顶端生长和居间生长。细胞直径较小。主轴细胞直径30.0—90.0μm,细胞长宽比2.4—8.0。分枝细胞直径25.0—70.0μm,长宽比4.0—12.3。顶端细胞直径25.0—50.0μm,长宽比3.6—12.0。基于形态学特征和分子系统发育分析,将其定为一新种,即青海刚毛藻Cladophora qinghaiensis sp. nov.。 相似文献
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研究于2019年冬季对赤水河流域开展刚毛藻多样性调查,共设计采样点38个,覆盖赤水河上、中、下游。调查发现:21个采样位点分布有刚毛藻目藻类,其中19个位点有刚毛藻分布。基于核糖体小亚基(SSU rDNA)、核糖体大亚基(LSU rDNA)和内转录间隔区(ITS)对采集样品进行系统发育分析,结果显示:(1)赤水河流域刚毛藻多样性较高,且该流域上、中、下游均有刚毛藻分布;(2)目前淡水刚毛藻类群包含至少10个支系,赤水河流域采集到的刚毛藻覆盖其中6个支系(分别是clade 1、clade 2、clade 4、clade 7、clade 9和clade 10);(3)相比基于SSU+LSU双分子标记构建的系统进化树,基于SSU+ITS+LSU三分子标记构建的进化树各支系支持度更高,可以较有效地将淡水刚毛藻不同支系区分开来。研究较好地展示了冬季赤水河流域刚毛藻的广泛分布及其分子多样性,丰富了中国淡水丝状绿藻的分类研究,也为赤水河段的水生态环境保护提供了基础数据支持。 相似文献
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脆弱刚毛藻(Cladophora fracta)是一种大型丝状绿藻,生境分布广泛。然而,对于岩溶泉域分布的刚毛藻研究较少,它们的遗传多样性、生物地理亲缘性和生理特性都有待于深入研究。该研究对我国北方地区五个典型岩溶泉域的50个脆弱刚毛藻样本进行了形态学和分子系统学描述。主要研究目标:(1)对我国北方地区五个典型岩溶泉的刚毛藻生境进行描述;(2)根据形态学特征和分子序列对藻体进行鉴定;(3)探究生境对藻体生理特性的影响。结果表明:基于SSU和LSU序列的结果,发现所分析的50株刚毛藻个体为同一种,同时还发现了13个不同的核糖体基因型。基于SSU和LSU的系统发育树,刚毛藻属均未能形成单系分支,分布在三个不同的分支上。13个样本基因型在SSU和LSU树中的位置相似,与Cladophora vagabunda有很高的序列同源性,但是形态特征却差异很大。从显微结构结果来看,五个岩溶泉域采集到的刚毛藻在细胞直径上无显著差异,藻体的形态特征与脆弱刚毛藻相一致。但是,岩溶泉域采集的藻体细胞直径比文献报道中在湖泊和河流中采集的脆弱刚毛藻直径要大。另外,仅在两个地点(XA和ST)采集的标本中发现有假根状分枝。因此,基于形态学和分子序列的结果,将这五个泉域的刚毛藻鉴定为脆弱刚毛藻(Cladophora fracta)。 相似文献
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通过18S rDNA基因(SSU)序列,构建了串珠藻目植物的系统发育关系.结果显示:SSU基因序列片段长度为1 871 bp,核苷酸变异位点有709个,占序列长度的38％;其中简约信息位点有169个,占序列长度的9％.用最大似然法、邻接法和贝叶斯法构建的系统树拓扑结构基本一致,都显示红索藻目的2个属独立于串珠藻目成单独分支,支持红索藻目的建立;胶串珠藻独立于其他串珠藻组植物,支持将其单独分组;数据同时支持将扭曲组和杂生组合并,建立Kumanoa属;但多芒组、绿色组、沼生组等因分子序列数据涉及的种类较少,其系统关系的确定还需要更多的证据. 相似文献
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报道中国海产刚毛藻科(Cladophoraceae),沙生刚毛藻Cladophora arenaria,蝾螺刚毛藻C. conchopheria,暗色刚毛藻C. opaca,透明刚毛藻C. pellucida,微小刚毛藻C. pusilla,棉形刚毛藻C. rudolphiana,光毛刚毛藻C. sericea,美丽刚毛藻C. speciosa。 相似文献
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世界范围内报道的全部串珠藻目种类均生活于淡水中,而在淡水红藻中,70%约有130种属于串珠藻目。研究以目前获取的来自世界各大洲串珠藻目植物43种的rbcL基因序列,结合其形态和生物地理特征,构建了该目的系统发育关系,以期探讨整个串珠藻目植物的系统发育关系及发生途径,进而为研究该目以至淡水红藻的起源提供基本资料。运用PAUP*4.0b10和MrBayes 3.0b4等软件对43种串珠藻目植物的叶绿体DNA rbcL基因序列进行系统发育分析,探讨了其主要分类群的系统演化关系。用最大简约法、邻接法和贝叶斯分析方法构建的系统树基本一致,结果显示:(1)基于分子数据分析结果显示,红索藻目植物均独立于串珠藻目植物,构成一个单独的分支,支持红索藻目的建立。(2)鱼子菜科属于串珠藻目植物中较为进化的类群。(3)串珠藻属扭曲组与杂生组的差异度较小,结合其形态特点,倾向于将杂生组并入扭曲组。(4)串珠藻科属于串珠藻目中最大的科,包括较多的种类,其系统关系也较为复杂。因此,串珠藻科系统发育关系的明确有待于进一步结合更多的分子数据和形态学特征加以分析研究。 相似文献
9.
为了配合中国孢子植物志《团藻目》编志的需要,作者到广西壮族自治区、内蒙古自治区、湖北省等地采集标本进行分类研究。文中报道了团藻目6个属的4个新种,1个新变种和9个中国新记录,其中拟衣藻属Chloromonas和朴罗藻属Provasoliella为我国新记录属,武汉朴罗藻、嗜碱衣藻、多粒衣藻、广西拟衣藻为新种,星状四鞭藻广西变种为新变种。 相似文献
10.
基于psaA和psbA基因的红索藻目系统发育研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对红索藻目植物棘刺红索藻(Thorea hispida)的psaA和psbA基因进行扩增和测序,并与其它类群比对分析,分别用最大简约法、邻接法和贝叶斯法构建系统发育树。结果显示,psaA和psbA基因测得的序列片段分别为825和920 bp,psaA基因A、T、C、G碱基含量分别为29.9%、35.8%、16.5%和17.8%,psbA基因A、T、C、G碱基含量分别为27.5%、35.3%、16.8%和20.4%,两个基因A+T含量均高于C+G含量,说明两个基因在进化上均有碱基的偏好性。用3种方法所构建的系统树拓扑结构基本一致,红索藻目植物均聚合于一个分支,独立于其它类群,支持红索藻目为一独立的目。 相似文献
11.
Yukie Yoshii Takeaki Hanyuda Isamu Wakana Kazuyuki Miyaji Shogo Arai Kunihiko Ueda Isao Inouye 《Journal of phycology》2004,40(6):1170-1177
Photosynthetic pigments were analyzed by HPLC for 27 samples of the Cladophorales (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta). The carotenoid compositions of the examined algae were classified into three types based on the final compound of biosynthesis of the α‐carotene branch: lutein type, characterized by containing lutein as a major carotenoid and lacking loroxanthin and siphonaxanthin; loroxanthin type, characterized by containing loroxanthin and lacking siphonaxanthin; and siphonaxanthin type, characterized by containing siphonaxanthin. We constructed molecular phylogenetic tree of the species examined in the present study using 18S rRNA gene sequences and mapped the carotenoid types of the species onto the tree. The molecular phylogenetic analysis divided the Cladophorales into two major clades, clade 1 and Aegagropila‐clade (clade 2), and divided clade 1 into subclade 1‐1 and subclade 1‐2. All the examined species positioned in the Aegagropila‐clade and those of the subclade 1‐1 belonged to the loroxanthin type, whereas both lutein type and siphonaxanthin type appeared only in the subclade 1‐2. The clades delineated by molecular phylogenetic analysis were congruent with distribution of the carotenoid types, indicating that the carotenoid types are of taxonomic significance in the Cladophorales. Considering the distribution pattern of these carotenoid types and minimum state changes in the Cladophorales, we concluded that the loroxanthin type was the primitive (plesiomorphic) state and the siphonaxanthin type and lutein type appeared in the subclade 1‐2 as advanced (apomorphic) state within this order and suggested that the cladophoralean siphonaxanthin type would have been secondarily acquired. 相似文献
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Takeaki Hanyuda Isamu Wakana Shogo Arai Kazuyuki Miyaji Yasuyuki Watano Kunihiko Ueda 《Journal of phycology》2002,38(3):564-571
The phylogenetic position of a freshwater green alga, Aegagropila linnaei (Cladophorales, Ulvophyceae), was investigated using nuclear 18S rRNA gene sequences. This alga has usually been called Cladophora aegagropila (L.) Rabenhorst or Cladophora sauteri (Nees ex Kütz.) Kütz. Based on morphology, it was formerly classified into the section Aegagropila or into the subgenus Aegagropila, together with several marine species of the genus Cladophora. This classification is not supported by the present phylogenetic analyses in which two very distinct Cladophorales clades are recognized. Aegagropila linnaei groups together in a well‐supported clade with Cladophora sp., Pithophora sp., Chaetomorpha okamurae, Arnoldiella conchophila, Wittrockiella lyallii, and Cladophora conchopheria. Aegagropila linnaei and its closely related species share some ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics, like pyrenoid structure, carotenoid composition, and cell wall composition. Freshwater species, included in the analysis, were located in two distantly related lineages, indicating that adaptation from a marine to a freshwater habitat has happened at least twice independently in the Cladophorales. 相似文献
14.
Christian Boedeker Michael J. Wynne Giuseppe C. Zuccarello 《Journal of phycology》2023,59(6):1284-1298
The continental coasts and remote islands in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere, including the subantarctic region, are characterized by many endemic species, high abundance of taxa, and intermediate levels of biodiversity. The macroalgal flora of these locations has received relatively little attention. Filamentous green algae are prolific in the intertidal of southern islands, but the taxonomy, distribution, and evolutionary history of these taxa are yet to be fully explored, mostly due to the difficulty of access to some of these locations. In this study, we examined specimens of the order Cladophorales from various locations in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere including the subantarctic (the Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Macquarie Island, and Kerguelen Islands), as well as mainland New Zealand, the Chatham Islands, Chile, and Tasmania. The analyses of the rDNA sequences of the samples revealed the existence of two new clades in a phylogeny of the Cladophoraceae. One of these clades is described as the novel genus Vandenhoekia gen. nov., which contains three species that are branched or unbranched. The amended genus Rama is reinstated to accommodate the other clade, and contains four species, including the Northern Hemisphere “Cladophora rupestris.” In Rama both branched and unbranched morphologies are found. It is remarkable that gross morphology is not a predictor for generic affiliations in these algae. This study illustrates that much can still be learned about diversity in the Cladophorales and highlights the importance of new collections, especially in novel locations. 相似文献
15.
The living morphology, infraciliature, morphogenesis and phylogenetic position of a new hypotrichous ciliate, Heterourosomoida sinica n. sp., discovered in saline soil in Northwest of China, were investigated. Heterourosomoida sinica n. sp. is characterized as follows: body size about 70–95 × 20–30 μm in vivo, ellipsoid or elongate; cortical granules dark green, 0.5 μm across, arranged around dorsal cilia and in short irregular rows on ventral side; consistently 18 frontoventral-transverse cirri; left and right marginal rows composed of 17–24 and 13–21 cirri, respectively; two macronuclear nodules and one or two micronuclei. The detailed morphogenesis of a species of Heterourosomoida is reported for the first time. The ontogenesis on dorsal side is basically similar to that in Urosomoida-species and the process on ventral side is characterized by: 18 frontoventral-transverse cirri develop from six anlagen with the anlagen V and VI formed in the primary mode. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU rDNA sequence data reveal that Heterourosomoida sinica n. sp. clusters with Kleinstyla dorsicirrata and forms a clade with the type species H. lanceolata. 相似文献
16.
The phylogenetic position of the anamorphic genus Calcarisporiella was investigated. Three isolates of Calcarisporiella, including an authentic strain and a newly obtained isolate, were analyzed phylogenetically using rDNA sequences. The result indicated that Calcarisporiella, which was classified as an ascomycetous anamorph, is a member of Mucoromycotina. It formed an independent clade separated from the other known orders of this subphylum. 相似文献
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It is difficult to differentiate similar trichodinids solely based on morphological examination, thus other identification methods, such as molecular identification, are necessary for identification. One mobilid ciliate named Trichodina pseudoheterodentata sp. n. was isolated from the gills of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, in Chongqing, China. In the present study, its SSU rDNA was sequenced for the first time. Based on the results from both morphological identification and SSU rDNA sequencing, the new species was identified and compared with similar species. The morphological analysis revealed that T. pseudoheterodentata is a large Trichodina species (cell diameter 73.0–82.5 μm) and possesses robust denticles with broad blades and well‐developed blade connections. Characterization of its primary and secondary SSU rDNA structures indicated that T. pseudoheterodentata was distinctly different from congeneric species in H12, H15, E10_1, and V4 regions. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the genetic distances among the new species and similar species reached interspecific levels, furthermore, the phylogenetic study also validated the identification of T. pseudoheterodentata and its placement in the genus Trichodina. 相似文献
19.
基于5.8SrDNA序列论三白草科的系统发育 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
三白草科（Saururaceae)是古草本的一个核心类群,它的研究对被子植物起源和早期演化具有重要意义,本文采用最大简约法（maximum parsimony method)和邻接法（neighbor-joining method)等不同的分析方法,对三白草科及其外类群齐头绒（Zippelia begoniaefolia Blume)的5.85rDNA序列进行分析,得到一致的结论：Anemopsis最早从三白草科中分离出来,Saururus chinensis和S.cernuus是一对姐群,由于5.85rDNA序列的变异位点和信息位点相对比较少,Gymnotheca chinensis-G.involucrata-Houttuynia-Saururus之间难以通过5.8SrDNA序列的比较进行分辨。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic analysis of 15 species of the genus Aquaspirillum based on 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) sequences indicated that the genus Aquaspirillum is phylogenetically heterogeneous and the species could be divided into four groups as follows: Aquaspirillum serpens, the type species of this genus, A. dispar and A. putridiconchylium are situated in the family Neisseriaceae; members of the second group, A. gracile, A. delicatum, A. anulus, A. giesbergeri, A. sinuosum, A. metamorphum and A. psychrophilum, are included in the family Comamonadaceae; the two members of the third group, A. arcticum and A. autotrophicum, are included in the family Oxalobacteriaceae; and members of the fourth group, A. polymorphum, A. peregrinum, and A. itersonii, are included in the alpha-subdivision of Proteobacteria. Thus, phylogenetic studies indicated that all the species excepting A. serpens, the type species, should be transferred to distinct genera. 相似文献