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1.
C. M. Tu 《Archives of microbiology》1976,108(3):259-263
Of 147 microorganisms isolated from a loamy sand, 71 showed good growth with lindane (-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) and produced chloride in an aqueous medium. Thirteen soil microorganisms were selected to study the utilization of lindane. Lindane was metabolized by the microbes to -2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-1-cyclohexene (-PCCH), -3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (-TCCH), -3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (-TCCH), -3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (-TCCH), and pentachlorobenzene (PCB). Cells of Pseudomonas sp. No. 62 grown on lindane simultaneously adapted to -PCCH, -TCCH, -TCCH, -TCCH, PCB, 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,3,4-TCB) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TCB). The bacteria degraded each of these chemicals at least partially as indicated by an increased rate of oxygen consumption.Abbreviations Lindane
-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane
- -PCCH
-2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-1-cyclohexene
- -TCCH
-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene
- -TCCH
-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene
- -TCCH
-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene
- PCB
pentachlorobenzene
- 1,2,3,4-TCB
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene
- 1,2,3,5-TCB
1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene
- 1,2,4,5-TCB
1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene
- 1,2,3-tCB
1,2,3-trichlorobenzene
- 1,2,4-tCB
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
- 1,3,5-tCB
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene
- 1,2-DCB
1,2-dichlorobenzene
- 1,3-DCB
1,3-dichlorobenzene
- 1,4-DCB
1,4-dichlorobenzene
- MCB
monochlorobenzene
Contribution No. 631, Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, University Sub Post Office, London, Ontario N6A 5B7 相似文献
2.
Oliveira-Neto OB Batista JA Rigden DJ Franco OL Falcão R Fragoso RR Mello LV dos Santos RC Grossi-de-Sá MF 《Journal of Protein Chemistry》2003,22(1):77-87
Anthonomus grandis, the cotton boll weevil, causes severe cotton crop losses in North and South America. Here we demonstrate the presence of starch in the cotton pollen grains and young ovules that are the main A. grandis food source. We further demonstrate the presence of -amylase activity, an essential enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism for many crop pests, in A. grandis midgut. Two -amylase cDNAs from A. grandis larvae were isolated using RT-PCR followed by 5 and 3 RACE techniques. These encode proteins with predicted molecular masses of 50.8 and 52.7 kDa, respectively, which share 58% amino acid identity. Expression of both genes is induced upon feeding and concentrated in the midgut of adult insects. Several -amylase inhibitors from plants were assayed against A. grandis -amylases but, unexpectedly, only the BIII inhibitor from rye kernels proved highly effective, with inhibitors generally active against other insect amylases lacking effect. Structural modeling of Amylag1 and Amylag2 showed that different factors seem to be responsible for the lack of effect of 0.19 and -AI1 inhibitors on A. grandis -amylase activity. This work suggests that genetic engineering of cotton to express -amylase inhibitors may offer a novel route to A. grandis resistance. 相似文献
3.
Flavobacterium multivorum, a non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, normally produces zeaxanthin (3R, 3 R-, -carotene-3, 3 diol) as its main carotenoid. The effect of supplementation of various inorganic salts and urea on the growth, total carotenoid production, and proportion of -carotene (, -carotene), -cryptoxanthin (, -caroten-3-ol), and zeaxanthin produced by F. multivorum was investigated. Urea and several salts, such as calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, lithium chloride, and sodium carbonate, improved total carotenoid production by 1.5- to 2.0-fold. Urea and sodium carbonate had an unexpectedly strong positive effect on -carotene production at the expense of zeaxanthin formation. The effect was found to be independent of incubation time, and -carotene represented 70% (w/w) of the total carotenoid content. The cumulative effect of urea and sodium carbonate was further studied using response surface methodology. An optimum medium was found to contain 4,000 and 4,070 mg l–1 urea and sodium carbonate, respectively. The maximum -carotene level was 7.85 g ml–1 culture broth, which represented 80% (w/w) of the total carotenoid produced. Optimization resulted in 77- and 88-fold improvements in the volumetric and specific -carotene levels, respectively, accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the zeaxanthin level as compared to the control medium. The carotenoid production profile in the optimized medium indicated that -carotene was produced maximally during the late exponential phase at 0.41 g ml–1 h–1. It is possible that this organism could be an excellent commercial source of either -carotene or zeaxanthin, depending on initial culture conditions. 相似文献
4.
Luc Plateaux 《Insectes Sociaux》1960,7(3):221-226
Résumé Nous avons fait élever des larves d'Anergates atratulus par des ouvrières deMyrmica laevinodis à 22°C. Pour y parvenir, il n'est pas utile de faire hivernerensemble les larves d'Anergates et les ouvrières deMyrmica. La présence de larves autochtones n'empêche pas lesMyrmica d'élever des larves d'Anergates. Dans toutes les expériences lesMyrmica ont été soumises au fridavant de recevoir des larves d'Anergates. Aucune reine deMyrmica n'a été utilisée dans ces expériences.Sur les 64 larves d'Anergates que nous avons utilisées, 38 se sont transformées en imagos. C'est au début de l'adoption et au moment des métamorphoses que périrent la plupart des 26Anergates perdus. Les femelles vécurent en général 2 ou 3 jours et cherchèrent très tôt à quitter le nid natal. Les mâles vécurent 2 à 3 semaines.
Summary Larvae ofAnergates atratulus were experimentally reared by workers ofMyrmica laevinodis, at 22°C. An overwintering of both larvae ofAnergates and workers ofMyrmica is not necessary for the success of that experiment. The presence of larvae ofMyrmica does not keep theMyrmica from rearing larvae ofAnergates. The workers ofMyrmica have been cooled, in all the experiments, before receiving larvae ofAnergates. No queen ofMyrmica have been used in that experiments.38 of the 64 larvae ofAnergates used became imagos. Most of the 26 lostAnergates died at the beginning of the adoption and during the metamorphosis. The females lived generally 2 or 3 days and tried, very early, to leave their native nest. The males lived 2 or 3 weeks.
Anergates atratulus Myrmica laevinodis, 22 . bmecme Anergates Myrmica. Myrmica Anergates. Myrmica Anergates. Myrmica . 64 Anergates , 38 . 26 Anergates 2 3 . 2 3 .相似文献
5.
M. Schönfeld A. Ragni G. Fischbeck A. Jahoor 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,93(1-2):48-56
Three new major, race-specific, resistance genes to powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei) were identified in three barley lines, RS42-6*O, RS137-28*E, and HSY-78*A, derived from crosses with wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). The resistance gene origining from wild barley in line RS42-6*O, showed a recessive mode of inheritance, whereas the other wild barley genes were (semi)-dominant. RFLP mapping of these three genes was performed in segregating F2 populations. The recessive gene in line RS42-6*O, was localized on barley chromosome 1S (7HS), while the (semi)-dominant genes in lines RS137-28*E, and HSY-78*A, were localized on chromosomes 1L (7HL) and 7L (5HL), respectively. Closely linked RFLP clones mapped at distances between 2.6cM and 5.3 cM. Hitherto, specific loci for powdery mildew resistance in barley had not been located on these chromosomes. Furthermore, tests for linkage to the unlocalized resistance gene Mlp revealed free segregation. Therefore, these genes represent new loci and new designations are suggested: mlt (RS42-6*O), Mlf (RS137-28*E), and Mlj (HSY-78*A). Comparisons with mapped QTLs for mildew resistance were made and are discussed in the context of homoeology among the genomes of barley (H-vulgare), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and rye (Secale cereale). Duplications of RFLP bands detected in the neighbourhood of Mlf and mlt might indicate an evolutionary interrelationship to the Mla locus for mildew resistance. 相似文献
6.
Luc Plateaux 《Insectes Sociaux》1960,7(2):163-170
Résumé En l'absence de son propre couvain,Solenopsis fugax a élevé des larves deLeptothorax nylanderi, à la température de 22°C. Les ouvrières deSolenopsis détruisirent une partie de ces larves mais nourrirent celles qu'elles épargnèrent; ces dernières grossirent lentement pendant cinq à six mois, sans atteindre le stade prénymphe. Lorsque les ouvrières deS. fugax et les larves deL. nylanderi furent soumises ensemble à un hivernage préalable, elles donnèrent les mêmes résultats que sans hivernage. La présence d'une jeune reine deSolenopsis fut défavorable aux larves deLeptothorax.Inversement,L. nylanderi fut capable d'élever, à la température de 22°C, des larves deS. fugax et de les amener jusqu'au stade adulte. En présence de leurs propres larves, les ouvrières deL. nylanderi détruisirent tapidement toutes les larves deS. fugax introduites dans leur nid. D'autre part, un jeune couvain deLeptothorax remplaçait plus ou moins rapidement les larves deLeptothorax enlevées au préalable; sa présence était alors défavorable au développement des larves deSolenopsis. Un hivernage en début d'expérience fut plutôt favorable auxS. fugax, de même que la présence d'une reine féconde deLeptothorax. LesSolenopsis ainsi obtenus n'ont pas vécu plus de sept semaines. Ils étaient tous de caste ouvrière et de taille très petite.
Summary When its own eggs and larvae missed,Solenopsis fugax bred larvae ofLeptothorax nylanderi, at a temperature of 22°C. TheSolenopsis workers killed some of this larvae and fed the others; these slowly grew bigger during five or six months but never reached the pre-pupa stage. The result was the same if the workers ofS. fugax and the larvae ofL. nylanderi overwintered together or not at all. A youngSolenopsis queen being there was noxious to the larvae ofLeptothorax.On the contrary,L. nylanderi has been able to breed larvae ofS. fugax up to the imago stage, at a temperature of 22°C. When its own larvae were in the nest, together with larvae ofS. fugax, the workers ofL. nylanderi killed the larvae ofS. fugax. On the other hand, new eggs and young larvae ofLeptothorax had to replace, more or less quickly, the larvae which had been taken away, and that was noxious to the growth ofSolenopsis larvae. An overwintering at the beginning of the experiment was rather favourable toS. fugax as was the presence of a fecundLeptothorax queen. TheSolenopsis thus obtained lived no longer than seven weeks. They all were workers and very small.
S. Fugax L. Nylanderi 22° . Leptothorax , , , , . . S. Fugax Leptothorax.,L. Nylanderi 22° S. Fugax . L. Nylanderi ( )Leptothorax ; S. Fugax Solenopsis, Leptothorax. S. Fugax . .相似文献
7.
The goal of this research was to investigate if culturing in high sucrose (5%) liquid media during multiplication phase (stage II) would enhance endogenous sugar levels and dry matter sufficiently to allow storage of in vitro plants in sugar free media without adversely affecting post-storage recovery. Hosta tokudama Newberry Gold (NBG) and Hosta Striptease were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing 5% sucrose during stage II and transferred to rooting phase (stage III) in MS medium without (0%) sucrose or with 3% sucrose for 4weeks. At the end of stage III, cultures were stored, with the remaining media, at 10°C with 5molm–2s–1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) from cool white fluorescent lamps for 7 or 14weeks with or without a 2-week dark period prior to removal from storage. In both cultivars, stage III plants cultured in 3% sucrose media had higher soluble sugar levels and greater shoot and root biomass than those cultured in 0% sucrose media. Shoot and root soluble sugars decreased during storage. Shoot growth ceased during storage in both media. Root dry matter continued to increase in plants stored in 3% sucrose media but did not change in 0% sucrose media. Plants cultured in 3% sucrose media had less leaf chlorosis and less mortality after 7 or 14weeks of low temperature storage than the plantlets from sugar free media. Extending the storage period from 7 to 14weeks or introduction of 2-week dark period at the end of storage did not affect leaf chlorosis or plant mortality during acclimatization. Post-storage growth varied with the cultivar. Benefit of having sucrose in storage media was to develop a strong root system that aided the acclimatization and post-storage growth following 7 or 14week storage. Sucrose loading by culturing plants in liquid media containing 5% sucrose did not allow storage in sugar free media without adversely affecting post-storage growth in both cultivars. 相似文献
8.
On age morphological changes of males of Chydoridae (Cladocera) 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
N. N. Smirnov 《Hydrobiologia》1967,30(3-4):555-571
Summary Young and adult males of 11 species of Chydoridae are studied, their figures being published here (fig. 1–15). The necessity is stressed to distinguish young forms of males and gynandromorphic individuals.Pleuroxus balatonicus is considered to be described from the population ofPleuroxus unicatus having under Balaton Lake conditions retarded transformation of young males into adult form, and accordingly having unusually numerous young males. \qO\qs\qn\qo\qv\qn\qy\ye \qr\ye\qz\qu\ql\Qj\qt\qa\qt\qy 11 (. 1–15). . , Pleuroxus uncinatus , Pleuroxus balatonicus. 相似文献
9.
A potent toxin with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and hemolytic activity in vitro was purified from the Russell's viper venom of eastern India (RVV-EI). The purified protein (RVV-PFIIc) of 15.3 kDa molecular weight, and a lethal toxicity dose (LD50 i.p.) of 0.1 mg/kg body weight, was the most toxic PLA2 so far reported from the Indian subcontinent. The material also possessed anticoagulant activity as it enhanced the prothrombin induced plasma clotting time in vitro. The PLA2 toxin (RVV-PFIIc) was shown to be different from other PLA2s of RVV in respect to one or more of these parameters e.g. molecular weight, isoelectric pH, in vivo toxicity, specific activity of the enzyme and certain other biological activities. The first 19 amino terminal sequence (NLFQFAEMIVKMTGKEAVH) of RVV-PFIIc showed variable degree of homology (42.1–94.7%) with those of other RVV-PLA2s described in the literature. Antisera raised against RVV-EI or RVV-PFIIc, though completely neutralized the in vivo lethal toxicity of RVV-EI or RVV-PFIIc, failed to inhibit their PLA2 activity in vitro thereby suggesting that in vivo toxicity and in vitro activity of the enzyme may not be directly related. Apart from RVV-PFIIc, at least two other PLA2 isozymes were found to be present in RVV-EI that were distinct from RVV-PFIIc in respect to their molecular, biological as well as serological properties. The significance of these and related data in antivenom therapy is discussed. 相似文献
10.
Lars Hedbys Elisabet Johansson Klaus Mosbach Per-Olof Larsson Alf Gunnarsson Sigfrid Svensson Hans Lönn 《Glycoconjugate journal》1989,6(2):161-168
Gal1-3GlcNAc (1) and Gal1-3GlcNAc-SEt (2) were synthesized on a 100 mg scale by the transgalactosylation reaction of bovine testes -galactosidase with lactose as donor andN-acetylglucosamine and GlcNAc-SEt as acceptors. In both cases the product mixtures contained unwanted isomers and were treated with -galactosidase fromEscherichia coli which has a different specificity, under conditions favouring hydrolysis, yielding besides the desired products, monosaccharides and traces of trisaccharides. The products were purified to >95% by gel filtration, with a final yield of 12% of 1 and 17% of 2, based on added acceptor. In a separate experiment Gal1-6GlcNAc-SEt (3) was synthesized by the transglycosylation reaction using -galactosidase fromEscherichia coli. No other isomers were detected. Compound 3 was purified by HPLC. 相似文献
11.
George Britton David J. Brown Trevor W. Goodwin Franz J. Leuenberger Arno J. Schocher 《Archives of microbiology》1977,113(1-2):33-37
The main carotenoid of Flavobacterium strain R1560 has been identified as (3R,3R)-zeaxanthin. Also present were small amounts of 15-cis-phytoene, phytofluene, -carotene (7,8,7,8-tetrahydro-, -carotene plus 7,8,11,12-tetrahydro-, -carotene), neurosporene, lycopene, -zeacarotene, -carotene, -carotene, -cryptoxanthin, rubixanthin, 3-hydroxy--zeacarotene and several apo-carotenals. Zeaxanthin production was inhibited by nicotine (10 mM), and lycopene and rubixanthin accumulated. The biosynthesis of zeaxanthin is discussed in terms of pathways and also of half-molecule reaction sequences. The presence of zeaxanthin may be a characteristic of a group of Flavobacterium species, and may thus be useful in the taxonomic classification of these organisms. 相似文献
12.
Shonosuke Sagisaka 《Trees - Structure and Function》1993,8(2):93-98
Summary Electron microscopic studies revealed that plastid initials, presumed precursors of plastids, occur in cortical cells of the following plants studied in February and March: Betula ermanii Cham.; Prunus sargentii Rhed.; Pyrus communis L.; Ribes sinanense F. Maekawa; Salix matsudana Koidz. forma tortuosa Rhed.; and Sambucus sieboldiana var. miquelii Hara. Since plastid initials were found previously in Malus pumila Mill., Morus bombycis Koidz. and Populus euramericana cv. gelrica (Sagisaka 1991), plastid initials have been found in all woody plants examined to date. In P. euramericana cv. gelrica, at later stages of the development of the initials in March, the conglomerates of plastid initials became heterogeneous in terms of size, extent of thylakoid formation and ability to form starch granules. The formation of prolamellar structures was frequently observed in cells of Magnolia kobus var. borealis Sarg., which was sampled on April 19. These observations suggest the course of events in the development of the plastid initial and the continuity of the life of amyloplasts over a year in the life of woody plants. 相似文献
13.
Klaus Immelmann 《Oecologia》1972,9(3):259-264
Summary The use of the terms, which have not always been employed uniformly throughout the literature, is discussed and an exact definition is tried. Application of the terms ultimate and proximate factors should not be restricted to annual and circadian periodicities. Instead they should be used for all temporally or spatially restricted processes for which a difference between selecting and regulating mechanisms is to be found. Ultimate factors are environmental factors which in the course of evolution have led, through natural selection, to the relevant restriction. Proximate factors may be defined as those external stimuli which initiate or maintain biological processes under most favourable ecological conditions. The term Zeitgeber finally, should only be used where endogenous circadian or circennial periodicities are synchronized with environmental changes through external factors. In this sense Zeitgeber is merely a special case of proximate factor.
Ich danke den Herren Prof. Dr. J. Aschoff, Dr. E. Gwinner und Dr. K. Hoffmann, Erling-Andechs, und Prof. Dr. D. S. Farner, Seattle, für die kritische Durchsicht des Manuskriptes und viele wertvolle Hinweise und Anregungen. 相似文献
Ich danke den Herren Prof. Dr. J. Aschoff, Dr. E. Gwinner und Dr. K. Hoffmann, Erling-Andechs, und Prof. Dr. D. S. Farner, Seattle, für die kritische Durchsicht des Manuskriptes und viele wertvolle Hinweise und Anregungen. 相似文献
14.
Jawahar Kalra Dave Lautner K. Lorne Massey Kailash Prasad 《Molecular and cellular biochemistry》1988,84(2):233-238
Summary The effect of oxygen free radicals, generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase, was studied on the release of lysosomal hydrolase from rat liver lysosomes in vitro. A lysosomal enriched subcellular fraction was prepared, using differential centrifugation technique, from the homogenate of rat liver. The biochemical purity of the lysosomal fraction was established by using the markers of different cellular organelles. Oxygen free radicals were generated in vitro by the addition of xanthine and xanthine oxidase. The release of lysosomal hydrolase (-glucuronidase) from the lysosomal fraction was measured. There was a 3 to 4 fold increase in the release of -glucuronidase activity in the presence of xanthine and xanthine oxidase when compared to that in the absence of xanthine and xanthine oxidase. In the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a scavenger of oxygen free radicals, the xanthine and xanthine oxidase system was unable to induce the release of -glucuronidase activity from the lysosomes. Sonication (2 bursts for 15 sec each) and Lubrol (2 mg/10 mg lysosomal protein) treatment, which are known to cause membrane disruption, also induced the release of -glucuronidase from lysosomal fraction. This release of -glucuronidase by sonication and lubrol treatment was not prevented by SOD. These data indicate that lysosomal disruption is a consequence of oxygen free radicals, generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase.Abbreviations HEPES
N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethanesulfonic acid
- EGTA
Ethylene Glycol Bis-(-aminoethyl ether)N,N,-N,N-tetracetic acid
- Tris
Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane
- SOD
Superoxide Dismutase 相似文献
15.
Summary Most soybean varieties fail to nodulate effectively in tropical soils unless inoculated with a competitive strain ofRhizobium japonicum. Developing countries in the tropics, with few exceptions, lack inoculant industries to produce and distribute viable inoculants to small farmers and extension programs to teach them to use inoculant. Several soybean genotypes have been identified that nodulate effectively with many strains of the cowpea inoculation group which is ubiquitous in tropical soils of Africa. Soybean genotypes that nodulate and grow well without inoculant application are called promiscuous. Methodologies for incorporation of the promiscuity character into high-yielding backgrounds are discussed.Supported in part by grant 05-0560 from United Nations Development Program to the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. 相似文献
16.
ATP synthesis associated with the conversion of hexachlorocyclohexane related compounds 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Clostridium rectum strain S-17 converts -1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) related compounds to chlorobenzenes. The metabolites from -1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexene and -1,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohexene are identified as 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and 1,4-dichlorobenzene, respectively. ATP synthesis, converting these chlorinated compounds, is observed in the cell suspension of C. rectum as indicated by luciferase-luciferin reaction and phosphorylation of 32P-labeled phosphate. These observation lead to the conclusion that HCH and related compounds serve as artificial electron acceptors of the Stickland reaction, and therefore, the reductive dechlorination is associated with ATP synthesis.Abbreviations HCH
-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane
- HCCH
-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexene
- PCCH
-1,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohexene
- TCCH
-3,4,5,6-tetrachlorocyclohexene
- 1,2,4-TCB
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
- 1,4-DCB
1,4-dichlorobenzene
- MCB
monochlorobenzene
- DTT
1,4-dithiothreitol
- IAA
monoiodoacetic acid 相似文献
17.
Anaerobic dechlorination and degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers by anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Screening studies with strict and facultative anaerobic bacteria showed that Clostridium app. and several other representatives of Bacillaceae and Enterobacteriaceae actively degraded -hexachlorocyclohexane (-HCH) under anaerobic conditions. Representatives of Lactobacillaceae and Propronibacterium were inactive. With 36Cl-labelled -HCH a nearly complete dechlorination was shown to occur in 4–6 days by Clostridium butyricum, C. pasteurianum and Citrobacter freundii, while other facultative anaerobic species were less active.Aerobically grown facultative anaerobes also dechlorinated actively -HCH during subsequent anaerobic incubation with glucose, pyruvate or formate as substrates. The -, - and -HCH isomers were also, but more slowly, dechlorinated (>>-HCH). All species active in anaerobic degradation of -HCH formed -tetrachlorocyclohexene (TCH) as the main intermediate metabolite and no -pentachlorocyclohexene (PCH) or other isomers of TCH or PCH have been found. Small amounts of tri- and tetrachlorinated benzenes have been found too. The mechanism of dechlorination is discussed.Non-Common Abbreviations Used -HCH
-hexachlorocyclohexane
- -TCH
-2,3,4,5-tetrachlorocyclohexene
- -PCH
-1,2,3,4,5-pentachlorocyclohexene
- GLC
gas liquid chromatography 相似文献
18.
Folkert Reck Matthias Springer Ernst Meinjohanns Hans Paulsen Inka Brockhausen Harry Schachter 《Glycoconjugate journal》1995,12(6):747-754
UDP-GlcNAc:Man1-3R 1-2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAc-T I; EC 2.4.1.101) catalyses the conversion of [Man1-6(Man1-3)Man1-6][Man1-3]Man-O-R to [Man1-6(Man1-3)Man1-6] [GlcNAc1-2Man1-3]Man-O-R (R=1-4GlcNAc1-4GlcNAc-Asn-X) and thereby controls the conversion of oligomannose to complex and hybrid asparagine-linked glycans (N-glycans). GlcNAc-T I also catalyses the conversion of Man1-6(Man1-3)Man-O-octyl to Man1-6(GlcNAc1-2Man1-3)Man-O-octyl. We have therefore tested a series of synthetic analogues of Man1-6(Man1-3)Man-O-octyl as substrates and inhibitors for rat liver GlcNAc-T I. The 2-deoxy and the 3-, 4- and 6-O-methyl derivatives are all good substrates confirming previous observations that the hydroxyl groups of the Man1-6 residue do not play major roles in the binding of substrate to enzyme. In contrast, all four hydroxyl groups on the Man1-3 residue are essential since the corresponding deoxy derivatives either do not bind (2- and 3-deoxy) or bind very poorly (4- and 6-deoxy) to the enzyme. The 2- and 3-O-methyl derivatives also do not bind to the enzyme. However, the 4-O-methyl derivative is a substrate (K
m
=2.6mm) and the 6-O-methyl compound is a competitive inhibitor (K
i=0.76mm). We have therefore synthesized various 4- and 6-O-alkyl derivatives, some with reactive groups attached to anO-pentyl spacer, and tested these compounds as reversible and irreversible inhibitors of GlcNAc-T I. The 6-O-(5-iodoacetamido-pentyl) compound is a specific time dependent inhibitor of the enzyme. Four other 6-O-alkyl compounds showed competitive inhibition while the remaining compounds showed little or no binding indicating that the electronic properties of the attachedO-pentyl groups influence binding.Abbreviations GlcNAc-T I
UDP-GlcNAc:Man1-3R 1-2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (EC 2.4.1.101)
- GlcNAc-T II
UDP-GlcNAc:Man1-6R 1-2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (EC 2.4.1.143)
- MES
2-(N-morpholino)ethane sulfonic acid monohydrate 相似文献
19.
Ishii T. Terachi T. Mori N. Tsunewaki K. 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1993,86(1):88-96
Summary Restriction fragment length polymorphisms of chloroplast (ct), mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear DNA were investigated using eight cultivars of Oryza sativa and two cultivars of O. glaberrima. Relative variability in the nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes was estimated by a common measure, genetic distance. Based on the average genetic distances among ten cultivars for each genome, the evolutionary variabilities of the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes were found to be almost the same, whereas the variability of the chloroplast genome was less than half that of the other two genomes. Cluster analyses on ct and mt DNA variations revealed that chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes were conservative within a taxon and that their differentiations were well-paralleled with respect to each other. For nuclear DNA variation, an array of different degrees of differentiation was observed in O. sativa, in contrast with little variation in O. glaberrima. As a whole, differentiation between O. sativa and O. glaberrima was clearly observed in all three genomes. In O. sativa, no notable difference was found between the cultivars Japonica and Javanica, whereas a large differentiation was noticed between Japonica (including Javanica) and Indica. In all three genomes, the average genetic distances within Indica were much larger than those within Japonica (including Javanica), and almost similar between Japonica (including Javanica) and Indica. These facts indicate that differentiation in O. sativa was due mainly to Indica. 相似文献
20.
For lindane degradation, a cell suspension of Clostridium rectum strain S-17 demands the addition of substrates such as leucine, alanine, pyruvate, a leucine-proline mixture, and molecular hydrogen. In the presence of leucine-proline mixture, lindane decomposed in parallel with isovaleric acid formation, and both lindane degradation and isovaleric acid formation were inhibited by monoiodoacetic acid, suggesting a close relation between lindane degradation and the Stickland reaction. Lindane was degraded by cell-free extracts of C. rectum in the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT). Radiogaschromatograms of n-hexane soluble metabolites from [14C] lindane showed the presence of monochlorobenzene and -3,4,5,6-tetrachlorocyclohexene, Leucine, NADH, and NADPH were somewhat less active than DTT for lindane degradation in cell-free extracts. Reductive dechlorination seemed the major route of lindane degradation in cell-free extracts as well as in the intact cells of C. rectum.Abbreviations Lindane (-HCH)
-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane
- -HCH
-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane
- -TCH
-3,4,5,6-tetrachlorocyclohexene
- -PCH
-1,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohexene
- DTT
1,4-dithiothreitol 相似文献