Nouvelles espèces subfossiles de rongeurs du Nord-Ouest de Madagascar

Since the mid-19th century, the Malagasy subfossil macrofauna has been the object of numerous studies and publications, contrary to the microfauna. New fieldwork, initiated in 2001, in the North West of Madagascar (Province of Mahajanga) led to the discovery of sites rich in fossiliferous breccias, containing micromammals. In this article, we describe two new subfossil species of rodent: Brachytarsomys mahajambaensis, the smallest within the genus and Nesomys narindaensis, the largest within the genus. Most of the extant species of these two genera live in the tropical rainforests of the eastern and north-eastern areas of Madagascar, far away from the north-western part of the island where a dry deciduous forest occurs. The presence of the two taxa in the subfossil record in the Northwest of the country suggests the occurrence of wetter conditions in the past in this region.     

Coenzyme Q de quelques espèces du genre Pichia

A survey was carried out on the distribution of ringworm infections among school children in four primary schools in Jos, Plateau State of Nigeria. Out of a total population of 6 987, 237 (3.4%) were found to be infected by this disease. There was a high incidence of both scalp and foot ringworms among the infected children. Fourteen species of dermatophytes were isolated from the ringworm cases. The scalp ringworm had the highest number of fungal isolates. Trichophyton mentagrophyte and T. rubrum had the highest frequencies of occurrence. Some of the infected children were found to have nomadic parents who moved about with cattle.     

Quelques nouvelles espèces du genre Benthimermis Petter, 1980 (Benthimermithidae: Nematoda) du Sud de l'Océan Indien

Summary Some new species of Benthimermis Petter, 1980 (Benthimermithidae, Nematoda) from the South Indian Ocean. Six new species of Benthimermis collected from the shallows of the Crozet-Prince Edward ridge (South Indian Ocean) are described. Benthimermis australis n.sp. is the first species in the genus of which both male and female are known; the male differs from previously described males in lacking cervical alae as well as a cuticular ring-like thickening around the amphids; the female is characterized by a rounded tail with a thick mucron and with a cuticular thickening at its end. Benthimermis crozetensis n.sp., of which only the male is known, resembles B. breviptera in the form of the cervical alae and reproductive system, but is distinguished by the length of the cervical alae and tail, and the diameter of the anterior vas deferens. The following four species are known only by their females: B. hureaui n.sp. is distinguished by a short conical tail; B. edouardensis n.sp. is distinguished by a tail with a long terminal spike bearing refringment granules; B. marionensis n.sp. and B. arnaudi n.sp. are characterized by a short round tail without a cuticular thickening at its end and are distinguished from one another by the length of the ovaries. These species are the first in the Benthimermithidae which have been found in relatively shallow sediments (between 90 and 980 m). Keys to males and females of the genus Benthimermis are given. ac]19820408

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Quelques nouvelles espèces du genre Benthimermis Petter, 1980 (Benthimermithidae: Nematoda) du Sud de l'Océan Indien

     

Nouvelles espèces de Cricetidés vicariantesdans le Turolien moyen de Fortuna (Prov. Murcia,Espagne)

In this paper, two new species of Cricetidae, Hispanomys adroveri nov. sp. and Kowalskia meini nov. sp., from the locality of Casa del Acero (Fortuna basin, Middle Turolian, MN 12) are described. They have, in general, less evolved characters than their vicariant pairs in the Central Spain basins Ruscinomys schaubi and Kowalskia fahlbuschi. The latter is interpreted as being the result of the presence of more humid conditions in the Levant province than in the Interior basins.     

Action de quelques fongicides sur la croissance mycélienne de trois espèces d'Entomophthorales

Résumé L'action,in vitro, de 34 fongicides sur la croissance mycélienne de 3 espèces d'Entomophthorales:Basidiobolus ranarum (Eidam),Conidiobolus osmodes (Drechsler) etEntomophthora virulenta (Hall & Dunn) [désignéEntomophthora nr.thaxteriana (Petch) parSoper & Bryan, 1974] a été examinée. Dans l'ordre croissant de leur sensibilité aux fongicides, les souches étudiées se classent comme suit:B. ranarum, E. virulenta etC. osmodes. Il existe une grande disparité dans l'activité des différents fongicides sur la croissance mycélienne des 3 espèces d'Entomophthorales. Certains fongicides sont peu ou pas actifs (chlorothalonil, éthirimol, oxychlorure de cuivre, soufre, etc.), d'autres agissent moyennement (captafol, dichlofluanide, mancozèbe, thirame, etc.); d'autres encore se révèlent très toxiques (bénodanil, chinométhionate, chloronèbe, triarimol). Mais il n'est pas simple de classer les fongicides en fonction de leur activité; un bon nombre d'entre eux possède un comportement hétérogène devant les 3 souches (carbendazime, oxycarboxine, 26019 RP, etc.). Dans l'ensemble, les fongicides systémiques se montrent plus efficaces sur la croissance mycélienne que les non systémiques.

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Summary The effect of 34 fungicides on the mycelial growth of 3 Entomophthorales species:Basidiobolus ranarum (Eidam),Conidiobolus osmodes (Drechsler) andEntomophthora virulenta (Hall & Dunn) was investigatedin vitro. The examination of growth was conducted in test tubes and five fungicidal concentrations were tested. The amount of growth of the various fungi in all treatments was expressed as a percentage of the growth of the control in order to evaluate the concentrations which reduce the growth speed by half. In the increasing order of their sensitivity to fungicides the strains under study could be classified in the following manner:B. ranarum, E. virulenta andC. osmodes. There is a great disparity between the action of the different fungicides upon the mycelial growth of the 3 Entomophthorales species. Some fungicides have little or no action (chlorothalonil, ethirimol, copper oxychloride, sulphur, etc.); others are more or less active (captafol, dichlofluanid, mancozeb, thiram, etc.); others again showthemselves to be highly toxic (benodanil, quinomethionate, chloroneb, triarimol). However it is not simple to classify the fungicides as a function of their activity; many of them react differently on the 3 species (carbendazim, oxycarboxin, 26019 RP, etc.). Overall, systemic fungicides are more effective on mycelial growth than non-systemic fungicides.

     

Etude des caractères morpho-anatomiques et des flux géniques chez quatre Proteocephalus (Cestoda: Proteocephalidae) parasites de Bothrops jararaca du Brésil et description de trois espèces nouvelles

Trois espèces nouvelles de Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858, parasites de Bothrops jararaca (Wied, 1824) sont décrites du Brésil: P. euzeti n. sp., P. azevedoi n. sp. et P. catzeflisi n. sp. Ces trois espèces, ainsi que P. jarara (Fuhrmann, 1927), ont été comparées entre elles par leur caractéres morpho-anatomiques et biologiques. Leur appartenance à des populations isolées génétiquement a été démontré par électrophorèse des protéines (isoenzymes) sur gel d'amidon. Parmi les douze enzymes testées, six d'entre elles ont fourni des zymogrammes interprétables génétiquement; les loci AAT, GPI, MDH, MPI présentent différents allèles pour chacune des quatre espèces.Three new species of Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858, parasites of Bothrops jararaca (Wied, 1824), are described from Brazil: P. euzeti n. sp., P. azevedoi n. sp. et P. catzeflisi n. sp. The three species and P. jarara (Fuhrmann, 1927) are compared morpho-anatomically and biologically. Electrophoresis of proteins (isoenzymes) on starch gel shows that the four taxa belong to genetically isolated populations. Twelve enzymes were analysed of which six produced genetically interpretable zymograms; the four species differ in the alleles of the loci AAT, GPI, MDH and MPI.Três novas especies de Proteocephalus Weinland, 1858, parasitos de Bothrops jararaca (Wied, 1824) do Brasil foram descritas: P. euzeti n. sp., P. azevedoi n. sp. et P. catzeflisi n. sp. Estas três espécies, asim como P. jarara (Fuhrmann, 1927), foram comparadas por seus caracteres morfo-anatômicos e biológicos. Sua colocaçâo em populações isoladas genéticamente, foi demostrada por eletroforese das proteinas (isoenzimas) em gel de amido. Entre as doze enzimas interpretáveis geneticamente, os loci AAT, GPI, MDH, MPI apresentam diferentes alelos para cada uma das quatro espécies.     

Une nouvelle espèce d'Apodemus (Rodentia,Mammalia)du Pliocène de la dépression de Guadix-Baza (Grenade,Espagne)

This paper describes a new species of Apodemus,A. agustii, a Middle Pliocene Muridae from the Guadix-Baza basin. Its morphology is far from that postulated as more frequent in Apodemus: its molars crowns are relatively high: there is no connection between t6 and t9 in M¹ and M². Taking in account this and its age, it is placed in an evolutionary branch, convergent with “Rhagapodemus” morphotype.     

Hybridation ADN-ADN chez quelques espèces du genre Hansenula

The genus Hansenula was considered a long time ago as a good pattern for phylogenetic research. In 1969, Wickerham proposed an evolutive scheme based upon morphological, physiological and ecological criteria. Recently, relatedness among yeasts were analysed by DNA-DNA hybridization in liquid medium. H. anomala var. anomala (G + C content: 37,1%) was compared with H. anomala var. schneggii (37.6%), H. subpelliculosa (33,8%), H. ciferrii (33,1%), H. holstii (37%) belonging to the same line 2, and also with H. beckii (38,3%) line 3, H. sydowiorum (40,1%) and H. muscicola (37,1%).These results showed little relatedness between H. anomala var. anomala /H. ciferrii and H. anomala var. anomala/ H. subpelliculosa. On the other hand, H. anomala var. schneggii shared 89,5% of its nucleotide sequences with H. anomala var. anomala. These 2 strains were considered to represent the same species. H. holstii showed 67.1% complementarity with H. anomala var. anomala: this strain is considered to represent valid species, different from H. anomala var. anomala, but H. muscicola with 72.5% relatedness to H. anomala var. anomala could be considered as a limit species. An unexpected finding was that H. beckii was closely related to H. anomala var. anomala (84.8%). These data suggested the inadequacy of current criteria used to establish the phylogenetic lines in genus Hansenula.     

Description de deux nouvelles espèces de Lamellodiscus Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) du groupe morphologique ‘ignoratus’, parasites de Diplodus sargus et D. vulgaris (Teleostei: Sparidae)

The study of the diplectanid gill parasites of Diplodus Rafinesque (Teleostei: Sparidae) from off the Algerian coast revealed the presence of several species of Lamellodiscus Johnston & Tiegs, 1922 on D. sargus (Linnaeus) and D. vulgaris (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire). Some of these species differ from the others by having a copulatory organ "en lyre" and lamellodiscs of the morphological group 'ignoratus' of Oliver (1987). In Lamellodiscus, the subgroup 'ignoratus', proposed by Amine & Euzet (2005), characterised by a simple lateral dorsal bar, includes L. ignoratus Palombi, 1943 and L. fraternus Bychowsky, 1957. Two new species, L. falcus n. sp. and L. neifari n. sp. form part of the 'ignoratus' subgroup. These species are distinguished by the morphology and the size of the sclerotised parts of the haptor and copulatory organ.     

Notes sur les champs trophoporiques de quelques espèces françaises du genreCremastogaster Lund (Hymenoptera-Formicoidea)

Insectes Sociaux - Among the antsCr. scutellaris which form foraging columns in order to exploit their «trophoporic» area (these are aphidicolous ants mostly feeding upon the honeydew...     

Nouvelles espèces de Torymides paléarctiques (Hym. Torymidae)

Summary In this paper four new palearctic species ofTorymidae are described:Monodontomerus gladiatus andTorymus favardi from South of France,Glyphomerus signifer from Austria andPseudotorymus amethystinus from Algeria.Torymus favardi is a parasite of bothDryocosmus australis mayr andAndricus singulus (mayr), whereasGlyphomerus signifer has been bred from galls ofDiplolepis spinosissimae (gir.).      

Deux nouvelles espèces de brachiopodes rhynchonelliformes de l’Albien stratotypique (Bassin de Paris) – mise au point

Two new Rhynchonellide brachiopods from the Albian stratotype region (Paris Basin) (Dipoloceas cristatum zone), analyzed according to their external morphology and internal characters completed by the observation of their corresponding microstructure, are set apart from a cluster of specimens previously recognized as Rhynchonella sulcata d’Orbigny. They correspond to Lamellaerhynchia carronensis n. sp. (Cyclothyrididae) and Burrirhynchia albiensis n. sp. (Tetrarhynchiidae) brought up and described in this context, in respect to the demand of the amended article 8.6 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. This article concerns works published after 1999 which does not make use of printing edition. Therefore, these two species previously figured by Gaspard (2010a, paper version) then described and figured by Gaspard (2010b) in a joint CD-ROM of the collective edition entitled “Stratotype Albien”, will be definitively available in this printing version.     

Le genre Petrascula Gümbel 1873, algue dasycladacée: Émendation,révision des espèces du genre,création de nouvelles espèces

The genus Petrascula has not been reviewed since J. Pia in 1920. At present, seven species are attributed to this genus. Different characteris have been used to define it by the authors. After abundant sampling in the Upper Kimmeridgian or the Southern Jura Mountains, the species-type has been reviewed and divided in two species, the second one named: Petrascula guembeli nov. sp.An other level of Portlandian age, in the same azea, is very rich in Petrascula piaiBachmayer, 1944. This species which has not been observed since that time is here reviewed. Associated with this species, a new one was found and described Petrascula? bugesiaca nov. sp., in spite a doubtful genus attribution.So many different species allow the review and emendation of the genus Petrascula. Then, the other species of the genus: P. globosa (Alth) P. herakiSokac & Nikler, P. illyricaSokac & Nikler, are discussed using the new definition.     

Nouvelles espèces de dasycladales du crétacé inférieur de provence (S.E. France)

In the Lower Cretaceous of Provence Cylindroporella faronensis n. sp. and Cylindroporella massiliana n. sp. represent small size species with a limited number of branches. The former ranges from the Middle (or Lower p.p. ?) Berriasian to the Lower Valanginian, the latter is found in the Lower Hauterivian, but could appear earlier in other regions. Clypeina isabellae n. sp. is also a small size form with a fibrous, yellowish microstructure, close to Clypeina sulcata, it is restricted to the Middle (or Lower p.p. ?) and Upper Berriasian. Besides their biostratigraphic and palaeobiogeographic potential value this material from Provence is also interesting from an evolutionary point of view. At generic levels it shows distinctive patterns relatively to the “Cope law”.     

Structures génétiques comparées de trois espèces de rongeurs africains du genre Mastomys au Sénégal

Résumé Une analyse par électrophorèse des protéines à 20 locus a été réalisée sur trois espèces du genre Mastomys au Sénégal. Malgré l'absence de locus diagnostique, une approche multivariée par analyses factorielles (AFC et AFD) permet néanmoins de reconnaître de façon sûre une des espèces en présence (M. cf. natalensis, 100% d'individus bien classés par l'AFD) et d'attribuer correctement les individus des deux autres espèces (M. erythroleucus et M. huberti) dans 92% et 77% des cas respectivement. Bien qu'écologiquement nettement différenciées, ces deux dernières espèces apparaissent très proches génétiquement (D_Nei=0,12) et montrent par ailleurs de hétérozygoties très elevées. Les faibles distances génétiques entre les trois espèces contrastent avec la forte différenciation chromosomique observée par ailleurs. Chez M. erythroleucus et M. huberti, les distances génétiques observées entre populations continentales ne sont pas corrélées avec les distances géographiques alors que les populations insulaires présentent une nette baisse de variabilité, en relation probable avec leur isolement géographique important. Par ailleurs, chez M. huberti, plusieurs populations s'écartent fortement de la panmixie. Ces tensions génétiques pourraient résulter de phénomènes d'introgression avec M. erythroleucus.

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Compared genetic structures of three species of African rodents of the genus Mastomys from Senegal. A protein electrophoresis analysis at 20 loci was performed on three species of the genus Mastomys from Senegal. Although no diagnostic locus was found between the three species, they can be readily recognized by multivariate analysis (100% of the M. cf. natalensis, 92% of the M. erythroleucus and 77% of the M. huberti individuals could be correctly classified by discriminant analysis). Although ecologically quite clearly differentiated, M. erythroleucus and M. huberti were found to be genetically very close (D_Nei=0.12) and display very high heterozygosities. On the whole, the small genetic distances between the three species contrast with the high chromosomal differentiation that has been reported in another study. In M. erythroleucus and M. huberti, genetic distances between mainland populations are not correlated with geographic distances, whereas insular populations show an important decrease of variability probably linked with their geographic isolation. In M. huberti, some populations show a strong departure from panmictic equilibrium: these genetical tensions could result from introgression phenomena with M. erythroleucus.