陕西化龙山国家级自然保护区鸟类区系和生态分布

2010年1月至2012年12月采用样线法对化龙山国家级自然保护区鸟类进行了调查。结果表明,保护区有鸟类16目50科224种,占陕西省鸟类种数(475种)的47.16%和全国(1371种)的16.34%。其中,雀形目鸟类32科156种,占69.64%;非雀形目鸟类18科68种,占30.36%。留鸟123种,夏候鸟67种,旅鸟25种,冬候鸟8种,迷鸟1种。在本区繁殖的190种鸟类中,东洋界种100种,古北界种67种,广布种23种。从繁殖鸟的区系成分看,东洋界种与古北界种分别为100种和67种,比例为1.5∶1,东洋界种占优势。从生境分析看,鸟类主要分布于森地和灌草丛。     

河北省滹沱河中游湿地鸟类多样性研究

2008年9月至2009年11月,采用样线法对滹沱河中游湿地的鸟类进行了调查,共记录鸟类217种,隶属于16目52科。其中候鸟(包括旅鸟,夏候鸟,冬候鸟)169种,留鸟46种,迷鸟2种;优势种26种,常见种69种,偶见种122种;古北种148种,东洋种23种,广布种46种。国家Ⅰ、Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类30种。分析表明,ShannonWeiner指数为3.425,G-F指数为0.821,Pielou指数为0.637。不同生境鸟类群落相似性较低,说明任何一种生境遭到破坏,都会对该地区鸟类多样性产生负面影响。     

中国狗寄生虫名录

1.本文将中国已发现之狗寄生虫,列成名录。 2.迄目前止,中国已知之狗寄生虫自然感染者有原虫12种、线虫18种、吸虫34种、絛虫17种、蛭1种,蜱25种、螨4种、舌形虫2种、昆虫18种,计131种;实验感染者有线虫2种、棘头虫1种、吸虫13种,计16种,共147种。 3.上海发现的马氏斜睾吸虫Plagiorchis(M.)massino Petrov and Tichonov,1927及Alaria sp.均为国内狗寄生虫之新纪录。     

新疆蝗总科区系研究

新疆现有蝗虫１５７种,它们分别隶属于８科６２属。在１５７种蝗虫中,古北种占绝对优势,有１２０种,其次为特有种,有３５种,广布种甚少,仅２种。在古北种中,中亚种最多,其次为泛古北种,而欧洲西伯利亚种、地中海种和东北种均很少。在８个科中,泛古北种在网翅蝗科中占优势,中亚种在班翅蝗科中占优势,斑腿蝗科在蝗总科中是相当大的一个科,在我国也占有很大优势,但在新疆其属种数量却很少。     

贵州施秉云台山大型真菌生态调查

在贵州省施秉县云台山国家级自然保护区采集并鉴定了大型真菌55科,132属,261种。其中腐生菌195种,菌根菌59种,虫生菌7种。包括贵州省新记录种22种,食用菌85种,药用菌74种,有毒种类21种。     

秦岭紫堇属植物及其地理分布修订

在室内查阅标本和查阅文献资料的基础上,结合野外实际调查,对秦岭地区紫堇属植物及其地理分布进行全面修订。结果表明:秦岭地区共有紫堇属植物28种,其中5种为秦岭特有种。地理分布格局研究表明:8种为秦岭广布种,7种为秦岭西部分布种,7种为秦岭中部分布种,1种为秦岭东部分布种,3种为秦岭中部和西部分布种,2种为中部和东部分布种。根据修订,给出了秦岭紫堇属植物分种检索表。     

北京市奥林匹克森林公园植物组成分析

奥林匹克森林公园是目前北京市最大的城市公园,自建成以来,奥林匹克森林公园的植物种类组成与来源尚无报道。论文在实地调查数据的基础上,对北京市奥林匹克森林公园的植物组成与分布进行了研究,调查发现园内共有维管束植物295种,隶属于75科,203属,其中乔木种60种,灌木种57种,草本植物170种,藤本8种。按照植物种的自然分布情况统计,发现在园内295种维管束植物中,有北京地区乡土种179种,外来种116种,其中包括外来入侵种4种。按照植物种的来源统计,发现有人工栽种种183种,野生种112种。通过比较分析:发现公园内栽培的本地灌木种占全部栽培灌木种数比例(50.00%)高于整个北京市建成区的比例(27.00%);公园内物种多是国内引进。最后提出了丰富园内野生灌木植物种类;保持乡土种利用;减少对外来种使用等的建议。     

江西官山自然保护区药用植物资源

对江西官山自然保护区药用植物调查显示,该地区共有药用植物1378种,其中,药用藻类4种,药用真菌26种,药用地衣5种,药用苔藓36种,药用蕨类93种,药用种子植物642种,常用中药210种,药用珍稀濒危植物94种,药用观赏植物124种,农兽药植物127种。此外,还发现9种江西地理记录新分布,并介绍了药用植物资源合理利用的概况。     

内蒙古黑里河自然保护区大型真菌名录

对采自内蒙古自治区赤峰市宁城县黑里河自然保护区大型真菌标本500余份进行鉴定,共鉴定出179种,隶属45科87属,其中子囊菌16种,担子菌163种,内蒙古新记录种7种。食用菌92种,药用菌67种,其中38种有抑制肿瘤作用,毒菌25种。文中对新记录种进行了简单描述并对部分种进行了简要讨论。     

湖南壶瓶山自然保护区鸟类多样性分析

湖南壶瓶山自然保护区拥有鸟类１４３种,隶属１４目３４科,其中国家一级保护动物１种,二级保护动物１６种,湖南省级保护动物２９种。该地的夏候鸟４９种,冬候鸟１４种,留鸟８０种。东洋界鸟类８５种,古北界鸟类３２种,广布性鸟类２６种。壶瓶山鸟类的多样性指数为１．８４５５,均匀性指数为０．８５５０。     

Ethnobotanical studies of plants of Charkotli Hills, Batkhela District, Malakand, Pakistan

A survey was conducted with the aim to document the indigenous information of Charkotli Hills, Batkhela District, Malakand, Pakistan. The area has rich vegetation and a high potential for ethnobotanical utilization. Information was collected on various traditional uses of 100 plants distributed over 49 families, of which 43 families were of dicot, 2 of monocot, 2 of pteridophyta, and 1 of gymnosperms. Most plants have more than one local use. Sixty-six plants were found to be medicinal species, 21 fruit and edible seed species, 11 furniture species, 18 fodder or forage species, 12 vegetable species, 12 fuel species, 11 thatching and building species, 5 hedge or fencing species, 5 timber wood species, 5 poisonous plants, 3 species used in ketchup, 2 fixed oil yielding species, 2 miswak species, 2 species for making sticks for cattle and defense purposes, 2 species cultivated for ornamental purposes, 2 species used as mehindi by girls, 1 irritant species, 1 species for the making of Salai (a little stick for applying ‘surma’ to the eyes), 1 species for tanning, 1 species used as refresher in milk pots, 1 species giving gum used as chewing gum, and 1 species used as insect repellent. The area is under heavy pressure of deforestation and overgrazing, which have reduced the regeneration of woody plants. Proper ecological management is required to protect the wildlife and ethnobotanical resources for the coming generations.     

Ethnobotanical studies of plants of Charkotli Hills, Batkhela District, Malakand, Pakistan

A survey was conducted with the aim to document the indigenous information of Charkotli Hills, Batkhela District, Malakand, Pakistan. The area has rich vegetation and a high potential for ethnobotanical utiliza-tion. Information was collected on various traditional uses of 100 plants distributed over 49 families, of which 43 families were of dicot, 2 of monocot, 2 of pteridophyta, and 1 of gymnosperms. Most plants have more than one local use. Sixty-six plants were found to be medicinal species, 21 fruit and edible seed species, 11 furniture species, 18 fodder or forage species, 12 vegetable species, 12 fuel species, 11 thatching and building species, 5 hedge or fencing species, 5 timber wood species, 5 poisonous plants, 3 species used in ketchup, 2 fixed oil yielding species, 2 miswak species, 2 species for making sticks for cattle and defense purposes, 2 species cultivated for ornamental purposes, 2 species used as mehindi by girls, 1 irritant species, 1 species for the making of Salai (a little stick for applying 'surma' to the eyes), 1 species for tanning, 1 species used as refresher in milk pots, 1 species giving gum used as chewing gum, and 1 species used as insect repellent. The area is under heavy pressure of deforestation and overgrazing, which have reduced the regeneration of woody plants. Proper ecological manage-ment is required to protect the wildlife and ethnobotanical resources for the coming generations.     

Revision of the Genera Thyca, Stilifer, Scalenostoma, Mucronalia and Echineulima (Mollusca, Prosobranchia, Eulimidae)

All species that have been described of the genera mentioned in the title are listed and their systematic position given. The species of Stilifer (with 11 species, including S. inflatus sp.n. and 5. concavus sp.n.) are parasites of starfishes. Scalenostoma (3 species) are parasites of stone corals. Thyca (with 8 species) is removed from Capulidae, and included in Eulimidae. T. hawaiiensis sp.n. is described. The species of Thyca are parasites of starfishes. The species of Mucronalia (including M. trilineata sp.n.) are probably parasites of ophiuroids and Echineulima (with 4–6 species, including E. ponderi sp.n.) are parasites of echinoids. All species are figured, their characteristics are given and their host species and distributions are listed. Keys are given to the species of each genus, except Mucronalia. The genera Stilimella Laseron and Hyperlia Pilsbry are synonymized with Scalenostoma and the genera Kiramodulus Kuroda, Granulithyca Habe and Bessomia Berry are considered subgenera of Thyca.     

Floristic description and ecological characteristics of the plants of Pashat Valley,Pak-Afghan border,district Bajaur,Pakistan

This study was conducted during 2018–19 to evaluate the floristic composition and ecological characteristics of vegetation of Pashat valley, Bajaur. Floristic list of the valley contains 385 species distributed in 291 genera and 102 families. The dicotyledons having 83 families with 311 species and monocotyledons with 12 families contains 61 species. Pteridophytes having 05 families with 11 species and gymnosperm with a single family of two species. The leading family was Asteraceae with 42 species (10.90%) followed by Poaceae with 39 species (10.10%), Papilionaceae (Fabaceae) with 24 species (6.23%), Lamiaceae with 20 species (5. 19%) and Rosaceae with 15 species (3.90%). Therophytes 180 species (46.80%), hemicryptophytes 53 species (13.80%), nanophanerophytes 51 species (13.20%) and geophytes 35 species (9.09%) were the dominant life form groups. Leaf size class was dominated by microphylls (138 species, 35.84%) followed by nanophylls (124 species, 32.21%) and mesophylls (89 species, 23.12%). Habit wise the vegetation was mostly herbs (289 species) followed by shrubs (54 species), trees (38 species) and lianas (4 species). According to flowering phenology, most plants (62.30%) bloomed in spring followed by in summer (34%), in autumn (1.82%), in the whole year (1.30%) and in winter (0.52%). Based on chorological affinities, most of the species were bioregional in distribution (170 species, 44.15%) followed by mono-regional (157 species, 40.78%), pluri-regional (43 species, 11.17%) and cosmopolitan (15 species, 3.89%). The ecological characteristics like life form and leaf size spectra of the vegetation have a strong correlation with the prevailing environmental conditions such as altitude, slope, precipitation and temperature.     

Checklist of the species of the aseptate gregarine families Aikinetocystidae,Diplocystidae, Allantocystidae,Schaudinnellidae, Ganymedidae,and Enterocystidae

The genera and species in six families of the eugregarine suborder Aseptatorina Chakravarty, 1960, are reviewed and the presently accepted ones are listed: Aikinetocystidae Bhatia, 1930 (two genera and two species); Diplocystidae Bhatia, 1930 (one genus and eight species); Allantocystidae tocystidae Bhatia, 1930 (one genus and one species); Schaudinnellidae Poche, 1913 (one genus and one species); Ganymedidae Huxley, 1910 (one genus and one species); and Enterocystidae Codreanu, 1940 (one genus and eight species). A list of 22 synonyms and lapsi calami is also given. Species which might be of value in the biological control of disease vectors are indicated.     

广东丹霞山国家级自然保护区 蝙蝠物种多样性调查

于2017年至2018年对广东丹霞山国家级自然保护区的翼手目动物进行调查,主要采用日栖息地与夜栖息地、捕食区网捕等调查方法,共调查到翼手目5科13属23种,其中蝙蝠科(Vespertilionidae)9属15种,菊头蝠科(Rhinolophidae)1属4种,蹄蝠科(Hipposideridae)1属2种,假吸血蝠科(Megadermatidae)1属1种,犬吻蝠科(Molossidae)1属1种。从区系组成来看,以东洋界为主(19种),其次为广布种(3种),古北界仅1种。从栖息类型上看,分为洞栖型、树栖型及建筑物栖息型,以洞栖型为主(15种),建筑物栖息型其次(12种),树栖型最少(5种),但其中9个物种的栖息地类型同时包含了上述3种栖息类型中的2种。本研究在广东丹霞山发现中国蝙蝠新分布记录1种,为卡氏伏翼(Hypsugo cadornae);而中印鼠耳蝠(Myotis indochinensis)为中国分布的再次确认。     

Ethnobotany of Ghalegay, District Swat, Pakistan

Ethnobotanical study of plants revealed that the local community of Ghalegy, District Swat, invariably uses 126 species of 59 families for various purposes. Based on their traditional local uses, fifty-seven species （45.2%） were classifted as medicinal, forty-seven as fire wood （37.3 % ）, forty-five as forage （35.7 % ）, twenty-eight as honey bee species （22.2%）, twenty-seven as vegetable species （21.4%）, 25 as edible fruits （14 wild and llcultivated）, thirteen as timberwood （10.3%）, twelve as ornamental （9.5%）, eleven as furniture wood, ten as shelter and thatch makers （7.9%）, ten as fencing （7.9%）, five as poisonous （4%）, four as religious/superstitious species, three species used in making hand sticks and wooden tools （2.4%）, three as utensil cleaner species （2.4%）, three as evil repellent and one as fish poisoning species. The area is in plant resources and traditional knowledge but it needs ecological management for its sustainability.     

桂林雁山地区蝶类种类调查及区系分析

调查发现广西桂林雁山地区的蝴蝶种类有10科122属254种,以蛱蝶科、弄蝶科、眼蝶科、灰蝶科的种类较多,分别占总数的20.8%、16.9%、16.1%和15.7%。不同季节的蝴蝶种类和数量分布不均匀,春、夏、秋、冬的蝴蝶种类分别为83、198、175和148种;捕获的种数分别占捕获总数的13.7%、32.8%、29%和24.5%。区系成分以东洋种为主,占69.4%;东洋古北兼有种占25.4%,古北种占2.4%;广布种占2.7%。     

Avian Fauna of Khajjiar Lake, District Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India

Avifauna of Khajjiar lake revealed the presence of 77 species of birds belonging to 62 genera, 12 orders and 31 families. In this area Muscicapidae is the most represented family with 22 species belonging to 15 genera followed by Accipitridae and Corvidae (six species each), Paridae, Phasianidae, Columbidae and Picidae (three species each). 20 species of birds were local and the rest 57 seasonal-local and long range migrants Of the 57 species, 35 were seasonal-local migrants, four were winter visitors and ten were summer visitors. Moreover, Khajjiar lake supported eight such species which showed winter and summer influx. Of these, six showed summer influx, whereas, winter influx was shown by two species only. Data on relative abundance showed that 25 species of birds were very common, 30 common, 21 uncommon and one rarely seen in the area.     

A synopsis of the sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of America south of the United States: introduction, Xyelidae, Pamphiliidae, Cimbicidae, Diprionidae, Xiphydriidae, Siricidae, Orussidae, Cephidae

Abstract Eight families of Symphyta for the Western Hemisphere south of the United States are reviewed: Xyelidae (one genus, two species), Pamphiliidae (one genus, four species), Cimbicidae (five genera, nine species), Diprionidae (three genera, thirteen species), Xiphydriidae (four genera, seventeen species), Siricidae (six genera, nine species), Orussidae (five genera, twelve species), and Cephidae (one genus, one species). New taxa are Acantholyda nigrostigmata (Pamphiliidae); Zadiprionfalsus, Neodiprion bicolor, N.equalis, N.omosus (Diprionidae); Derecyrta circularis, Steirocephala lateralba (Xiphydriidae); Sirotremex, S.flammeus (Siricidae); and Ophrynopus depressatus, O.plaumanni (Orussidae). Lopesiana is a new name for Lopesia Conde (Cimbicidae). Three new combinations and six new synonyms are proposed. The Xyelidae, Pamphiliidae, Diprionidae, Siricidae and Cephidae are primarily northern groups with southern extensions into Mexico, Central America and/or Cuba. The Cimbicidae, Xiphydriidae and Orussidae are more generally distributed throughout the neotropics. Keys to families, genera and species are provided.