一株产高温蛋白酶嗜热菌A-2的筛选鉴定及酶学特性分析

本研究为从云南腾冲热泉中分离纯化得到一株产高温蛋白酶的菌株并对其进行驯化培养,用以探究该菌株的生长条件及酶学特性,通过选择培养基筛选能够分解脱脂奶粉产蛋白酶的菌株,应用常规方法液体培养菌体,探究温度、pH、碳源、氮源对菌株生长情况的影响,并采用福林酚法测蛋白酶活性。并提取蛋白酶液对酶的最适pH、温度以及热稳定性、pH稳定性进行研究。结果发现通过含脱脂奶粉的固体培养基筛选得到一株产蛋白酶菌株A-2,经过生理生化试验和16S rDNA鉴定知该菌种属于Aneurinibacillus属。酵母粉、葡萄糖、55℃、pH值7.5分别为菌株生长的最适氮源、碳源、温度和pH。此外该菌株所产的蛋白酶最适温度为60℃,在pH值7~9具有较好的酶活性。因此,该菌株为嗜热芽孢杆菌,所产的碱性蛋白酶具有较高的耐受温度和pH稳定性,为进一步开发利用提供参考的价值。     

家蚕肠道枯草杆菌产蛋白酶的发酵条件与酶学性质

肠道微生物分泌的蛋白酶可促进家蚕对桑叶养分的消化吸收,枯草芽孢杆菌是家蚕肠道内一种重要的产蛋白酶菌株。为提高枯草芽孢杆菌蛋白酶的高效利用,对该菌株适宜发酵条件及酶学性质进行了研究。结果表明：各因素对枯草芽孢杆菌产酶活性影响的大小顺序依次为：pH值〉培养温度〉培养时间〉装液量;最适的产酶条件为：pH=7,培养温度：30 ℃,培养时间：36 h;对枯草芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶进行初步提纯后并研究得出该酶反应的最适pH 10.0,最适反应温度为：60 ℃;该酶为碱性蛋白酶、不耐高温、不耐酸,但在35 ℃条件下热稳定性较好。     

枯草芽胞杆菌甲壳素脱乙酰酶的筛选及酶学性质*

从海洋泥土中分离出产甲壳素脱乙酰酶菌株,确定该菌株为产碱属芽孢杆菌,其产酶适宜培养条件为：pH4．0,添加金属离子Ca^2 ,培养时间为80h,温度为350℃。所得甲壳素脱乙酰酶作用的最适温度为40℃～50℃,最适pH为4．5-5．0之间。     

极端微生物产碱性蛋白酶菌株的筛选及发酵条件研究

从深海的38份水样和泥样中筛选到一株产蛋白酶的菌株DY－A,其最适生长温度为10℃,能适应较大范围的pH值和盐度,此菌株只在酵母膏存在的情况下产酶,不利用单一氮源,最适产酶条件为,pH10.0,10℃,接种量0．5％,200r/min摇床培养40－72h,粗酶液的最适作用温度为40℃,最适pH值为10,在pH9-12内稳定,是一碱性蛋白酶。     

极端微生物产碱性蛋白酶菌株的筛选及发酵条件研究*

从深海的 3 8份水样和泥样中筛选到一株产蛋白酶的菌株DY A ,其最适生长温度为1 0℃ ,能适应较大范围的pH值和盐度。此菌株只在酵母膏存在的情况下产酶 ,不利用单一氮源 ,最适产酶条件为 :pH1 0 0 ,1 0℃ ,接种量 0 5 % ,2 0 0r/min摇床培养 48～ 72h。粗酶液的最适作用温度为 40℃ ,最适pH值为 1 0 ,在pH9～ 1 2内稳定 ,是一碱性蛋白酶。     

恶臭假单胞菌NA-1菌株烟酸羟基化酶活性的诱导和转化条件的研究

恶臭假单胞菌NA-1菌株的培养和产酶特性与已报道的产酶菌株粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratiamarcescens)IFO12648和荧光假单胞菌(Psudomonasfluorescens)TN5有所不同,主要反映在最适碳源及浓度、最适诱导剂浓度和最适培养温度等方面。最适的转化条件是温度为30℃,pH为7.0,烟酸的浓度为3%。采用初步优化后的条件和流加底物的方式进行4L上罐生产,恶臭假单胞菌NA-1菌株的6-羟基烟酸产率可达到108.39gL。     

木霉菌株T6木聚糖酶固态发酵条件和酶学性质研究*

研究了碳源和氮源、起始pH、接种量及温度等条件对一野生型木霉Trichoderma sp.T6菌株固态发酵产木聚糖酶的影响。在28℃培养4d后,酶活力可达1918IU/g干培养物。酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH4.5。不同温度保温1h后,测定酶的半失活温度为47.7℃,酶的pH稳定性也进行了研究。     

木霉菌株T6木聚糖酶固态发酵条件和酶学性质研究

研究了碳源和氮源、起始pH、接种量及温度等条件对一野生型木霉Trichoderma sp.T6菌株固态发酵产木聚糖酶的影响。在28℃培养4d后,酶活力可达1918IU/g干培养物。酶的最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应pH4.5。不同温度保温1h后,测定酶的半失活温度为47.7℃,酶的pH稳定性也进行了研究。     

嗜热菌Anoxybacillu sp.产淀粉酶培养基优化及产酶条件研究

目的：对产淀粉酶嗜热菌Anoxybacillu sp.菌株进行培养基优化及产酶条件研究,以便提高菌株的产酶能力,并为下一步菌 株的诱变育种研究提供基础。方法：常规方法液体培养菌株,用平板初筛和DNS法复筛选择产淀粉酶能力较高的菌株;单因素筛 选培养基最适的碳源、氮源、Ca2+浓度和Mg2+浓度,对单因素筛选的最佳碳源、氮源、Ca2+和Mg2+的三个较佳浓度进行四因素三 水平正交试验优化培养基;对培养基不同pH值及不同培养温度进行培养条件研究。结果：产淀粉酶菌株筛选结果显示：六株菌中 淀粉酶酶活力值最大的是菌株Anoxybacillu sp.DL4,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。培养基单因素筛选结果显示：最适碳源为麦芽糖、最适氮源为 硝酸铵、最适Ca2+、Mg2+浓度均为0.02%,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。培养基优化结果显示：C 源0.1 %,N源0.2 %,Mg2+ 0.04%, Ca2+ 0.04 %为最佳的培养基成分组合。产酶条件筛选结果显示：培养基pH 值为6、培养温度为55 ℃时菌株产酶水平最高,差异有 统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：培养基的优化及最适的产酶条件能提高嗜热菌Anoxybacillu sp.DL4 产淀粉酶能力,Ca2+、Mg2+离子 对菌株产淀粉酶有促进作用。     

谷氨酰胺合成酶产生菌的固定化研究

谷氨酰胺合成酶产生菌的固定化在酶法合成谷氨酰胺中的应用具有重要意义。实验首先从味精废水中筛选出谷氨酰胺合成酶高产菌株LNU018,然后分别用海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为载体对谷氨酰胺合成酶高产菌棒杆菌进行固定化。探讨了固定化条件对固定化小球结构、机械强度、弹性、稳定性和培养后菌体的谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性情况的影响,分析确定最佳的固定化条件。研究结果表明,5%的海藻酸钠、11%的聚乙烯醇形成的固定化菌球大小合适,有弹性,但5%的海藻酸钠能更好的保持酶活性,比11%聚乙烯醇高16%,其为最佳的固定化条件。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.