花生叶片离体培养花器官分化及其开花结果研究

以花生幼叶为外植体进行离体培养,研究BA浓度对花器官分化的影响并进一步观察试管内花器官的发育.结果表明:经MSB 1mg/LBA 0.5mg/LKIN 2mg/LIAA培养基诱导的愈伤组织,转接到附加1～3mg/LBA的MSB培养基上培养,均能直接诱导分化花器官,但2mg/LBA的诱导效率最高达21.13%;诱导分化的花器官转接到MSB培养基继续培养,部分花器官可以在试管内开花、受精、成针、结实.试验实现了以花生幼叶为外植体,在试管内完成诱导花芽、开花、受精、形成果针、子房膨大,直至形成荚果等过程,为离体条件下研究花生花器官分化、荚果及种子发育提供了技术体系和材料.     

Induction of Continuous Tepal Differentiation from in Vitro Regenerated Flower Buds of Hyacinthus orientalis

Continuous differentiation of tepals was successively induced from regenerated flower buds in Hyacinthus orientalis L. cv. White Pearl by controlling the exogenous hormones and explant ages. In 250 days of subculture, each flower bud differentiated an average of more than 70 tepals, with a maximum of over 140 tepals. Studies on the morphogenesis and characteristics of growth and development of the flower buds indicate that the first whorled organ of the flower bud was perianth which consisted of perianth tube and tepals grown at the top of the perianth tube, which is the same as the flower bud of the wild type in H. orentalis. The second and third whorls of the flower bud, which should be stamen and pistil in the wild type, but remained as the tepals in the regenerated flower bud. Growth of the regenerated flower bud was faster in the first several months of culture, then slowed down gradually with time. After 150 days in culture the flower bud growth and organ differentiation became very slow. Other than the tepal differentiation the regenerated flower buds also differentiated at random positions some small flower buds that also differentiated the tepals only. Histological observation revealed that the origin of the regenerated flower buds was jointly participated by some cells in the epidermal and subepidermal layers at the inner surface of the perianth explant, and the inner small flower buds were originated from the meristem which was formed by the transformation of the parenchyma at the base of the very young tepal. The authors also compared and discussed the similarities and differences of the phenotypes between the regenerated flower bud in Hyacinthus and agamous flower in Arabidopsis, from which, they have hypothesized on the role of the hormones in the promotion and termination of the gene expressions by an order of development in plant.     

大花卷丹的组织培养及限制生长保存

离体保存是植物种质保存的重要手段之一,为实现对大花卷丹的保护性利用,本文对其组织培养体系及限制生长离体保存技术进行了研究。结果表明,在常温（23±2）℃、光照强度约为40μmol.m-2.s-1、光照时间14h.d-1的条件下,大花卷丹鳞片在MS＋6-BA1.0mg.L-1＋NAA0.2mg.L-1培养基中生长情况较好,能直接诱导芽,且小鳞茎的生长速度较快。将诱导出的小鳞茎切割后,接种到1/2MS＋NAA0.5mg.L-1＋活性炭2g.L-1生根培养基2～3周即能生根,生长状况良好。提高MS培养基中蔗糖达90和110g.L-1时可以抑制其生长,能够保存大花卷丹试管苗10个月,保存过程中生长正常,株高生长缓慢,但根长势较快。在蔗糖浓度90g.L-1基础上再添加30g.L-1甘露醇的培养基能进一步抑制试管苗根的生长。6个月后,转移到正常培养基上培养均能恢复生长,其鳞片在诱导培养基上能正常分化。因此,采用大花卷丹鳞片组织培养可以形成种苗,在培养基中添加高蔗糖浓度和甘露醇可以使其试管苗保存1年以上。     

桂林小花苣苔离体快速繁殖技术

对抗结核植物桂林小花苣苔（Chiritopsis repanda var.guilinensis）进行离体培养与快速繁殖技术研究。结果表明：桂林小花苣苔叶片外植体的最适初代诱导培养基为MS＋0.5mg·L^-16-BA＋0.05mg·L^-1IBA,pH8.0;最适继代增殖培养基为MS＋0.1mg·L^-16-BA＋0.05mg·L^-1IBA,pH6.0,繁殖系数7.0/35天;最适生根培养基为1/2MS＋0.2mg·L^-1NAA,pH6.0,生根率为93.6%。模拟桂林小花苣苔自然生境,在春季对生根试管苗进行大棚移栽,成活率达90%。根据上述快繁技术,理论上每株试管苗每年可繁殖桂林小花苣苔种苗46万株。     

离体条件下暴马丁香切开种子的萌发

分别以三种催芽处理10、20、40 d的暴马丁香种子进行离体培养试验,对种子做三种切割处理,中间切、两端切和完整种子。结果表明:采用切开种子的方法进行离体培养可提高种子发芽率,中间切种子的萌发最好,且在培养10 d后发芽率即达到最高值;经过40 d催芽处理的种子优于未经催芽和只进行20 d催芽处理的种子;切开种子以MS培养基附加5 mg/L BA或5 mg/LBA+0.1 mg/L IBA为最适培养基。     

中国水仙花芽分化观察及储藏条件对花芽数的影响研究

以三年生中国水仙‘金盏银台’为材料,采用石蜡切片法观察其花芽形态分化过程。结果表明：中国水仙的花芽分化从7月上旬开始,到9月中旬形成雌蕊结束。其过程可分为叶芽时期、花序原基形成期、佛焰状总苞形成期、花原基形成期、花冠形成期、雄蕊形成期、雌蕊形成期7个时期。其中花冠形成期较长,20 d左右。花芽的外部形态变化上,分化后期芽的生长速度明显快于前期。对鳞茎球内花序数量的统计结果显示,高温储藏及烟熏法共同使用对中国水仙花序的形成具有很好的促进作用。     

纪伊潮菊离体保存及其遗传稳定性分析

通过在基本培养基中添加不同浓度配比的蔗糖和矮壮素(CCC)对纪伊潮菊(Chrysanthemum shiwogiku var.kinokuniense)离体保存的影响进行研究,并对保存材料再生后代的遗传稳定性进行分子标记鉴定与分析.结果表明:在(23±2)℃、2 000～3 000 lx光照强度、12 h/d的光照培养条件下,MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1) BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1) NAA+琼脂6.5 g·L~(-1)培养基中添加30 g·L~(-1)蔗糖和1 500～2 000 mg·L~(-1)的CCC能够保存试管苗12个月,存活率为92.86%~96.43%,且恢复生长后试管苗长势良好,其再生后代的形态特征、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和ISSR分子标记扩增图谱与对照株无差异.     

乙烯利诱导网纹甜瓜主蔓两性花花芽分化的形态和解剖学研究

以网纹甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.var. reticulatus Naud.)品种’西域1号’为试验材料,于幼苗3叶1心期喷施浓度为150 mg·L^-1的乙烯利溶液进行处理,诱导主蔓形成两性花,以清水为对照,分别对处理和对照植株不同时期的主蔓和侧蔓花芽分化过程进行形态和解剖学观察。结果表明：经乙烯利处理后,幼苗植株主蔓花原基持续向两性花分化,最终发育形成两性花。未经处理植株的主蔓花原基在分化早期与两性花发育过程相同,但在雌蕊出现后,不再继续发育,最终发育形成雄花。处理植株主蔓两性花发育过程与侧蔓两性花发育过程相同。